Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803)

Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2021, Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species, Zootaxa 4958 (1), pp. 605-627 : 612-617

Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803)

( Figs 1A–B ; 4A–D ; 5A–C; M–O ; 6A ; 7A ; 12 ; Table 1 )

Cimex reticularis Fabricius, 1803: 170 .

Macropygium atrum Spinola, 1837: 288 .

Macropygium reticulare: Dallas, 1851: 150–159 ; Stål, 1872: 4. P. 12; Distant, 1880: 49; Berg, 1884: 181; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 90; Kirkaldy, 1909: 184; Rolston, 1992: 5, 24–25, figs 47–79; Campos & Grazia, 2006: 147, 151, 160, 162, figs 1, 4, 6, 22, 47, 55, 61; Garbelotto et al., 2013: 454, figs 1, 9; Roell & Campos, 2018: 1139, figs 6–7.

Type specimens: Cimex reticularis Fabricius, 1803 (type female not located, should be in the NHM); Macropygium atrum Spinola, 1837 (type female in the Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali, Turin, Italy, was examined by Grazia & Campos 2010; the access to the collection in Turin is currently unavailable).

Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina ( Fig. 12 ).

Material examined: ARGENTINA, 1♀, 1994 ( DAR); Chacoguemes , 9♀ e 2♂, 1995 ( DAR); Misiones, Puertoiguazu , 5♀ e 4♂, 1991 ( DAR), [-25.597, -54.578] . BOLIVIA, 1♀, 1969 ; 2♀, 1♂, 1959 ( FSCA); Chapare , 1♀ e 1♂, 1950 ( USNM), [-17.34, -65.865]; Cocha bamba, Villa Tunari , 4♀, 1♂, 1992 ( JEE); Villa Tunari , 1♀, 1♂, 1992 ( JEE); Carrasco , 7♀, 1♂, 2002 ( JEE), [-17.333, -65.333]; La paz, Yungas 1♀, 1955 ( FSCA), [-16.183, - 67.733]; El cairo , 1♀, 2003 ( JEE), [-13.133, -65.2]; Ichilo , 4♀, 2000 ( JEE), [-17.485, -63.516]; Hotel flora e fauna , 1♀, 2000 ( FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; Hotel flora e fauna , 7♀, 4♂, 2001 ( FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; Hotel rio selva , 1♀, 1♂, 2001, [-17.55 -63.2]; Quindío, Buena Vista , 1♀, 4♂ ( JEE), [-17.458, -63.659]; Buena Vista , 36♀, 15♂, 2004 ( FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; Buena Vista , 12♀, 4♂, 2001 ( FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659] ; 12♀, 4♂, 2001 ( FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659] Buena vista , 2♀, 2000 ( JEE), [-17.458, -63.659]; La paz , 1♀, 1♂, 1992 ( USNM), [-16.5 -68.15]; Santa cruz, Saavedra , 26♀, 7♀ #, 1959 ( FSCA), [-17.225, -63.214] ; 4♀, 1♂, 1960 ( FSCA), [-17.225, - 63.214]; Tropical Transition Forest , 17♀, 12♂, 2001 ( JEE), [-17.485, -63.516] ; 1♂, 2002 ( JEE), [-17.485, -63.516]; Potrerillos del guendá , 1♀, 1♂, 2005 ( JEE), [-17.6675 -63.451]; Tropical Transition Forest , 3♀ #, 1♂, 2006 ( JEE), [- 17.485, -63.516]; Buena Vista , 1♂, 2007 ( JEE), [-17.458, -63.659] Uyapi , 4♀, 4♂, 1993 ( JEE) . BRASIL: Amazonas, Bejamim Constant , 3♀, 2♂, 1960 ( MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030] ; 2♀, 3♀, 1962 ( MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030] ; 1♂, 1963 ( MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; Itacoatiara , 11♀, 4♂, 2003, [-3.142, -58.443] ; 1♂, 1952 ( MCN), [-3.142, -58.443]; Manaus , 1♀, 1♂, 1941, ( MNRJ), [-3.044, -60.107]; Manaus , 1♀, 1962 ( MZSP), [-3.044, -60.107] ; 1♀, 1976, [- 3.044, -60.107] ; 1♀, 1978, [-3.044, -60.107]; 2♀, 1♂, 1986, [-3.044653, -60.1071934]; Muturaca , 1♀, 1980, [0.583, -56.166]; Purus , 2♀, 1979, [-3.68333, -61.45]; Rio purus , 1♀, 1967; Rio javari , 5♀, 1♂, 1979, [-4.55, -71.633]; Rio madeira , 1♀ ( MCN), [-26.105 -49.797]; Serra dos porcos , 3♀, 1♂, 1977, [-6.900, -36.833]; Tapuruquara , 1♀, 1965 ( MZSP), [-0.378, -64.991]; Urucu coari , 1♀, 2005, [-4.883, -65.355]; Bahia, Conquista , 2♀, 1969 ( AMNH), [-14.8661, -40.839] ; 2♀, 1969 ( AMNH), [-14.866, -40.839]; Encruzilhada , 2♀, 2♂, 1972 ( AMNH), [-15.530, - 40.908] ; 1♀, 1980, [-15.530, -40.908]; Espírito Santo ; 1♂, 1900, MNRJ, [-19.056, -40.147]; Maranhão, Bom Jardim , 1♀, 1♂, 2011, [-3.542, -45.609]; Mato Grosso, rio Papagaio , 1♀, 1966 ( MZSP), [-13.025, -16.675]; Vila vera , 1♀, 1973 ( AMNH), [-12.305, -55.316]; Dourados , 1♀, 1974 ( AMNH), [-21.220, -54.805] ; 1♂, 1976 ( AMNH); Minas Gerais , 1♀, 1991; Serra caraça , 2♀, 1961 ( MZSP), [-17.694, -43.783]; Belo Horizonte , 1♂, 1963 ( MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; Pedra Azul , 1♂, 1970 ( AMNH), [-16.005, -41.296]; Marlieria , 6f , 2♂, 1978 ( CCT), [-19.711, -42.731] ; 1♀, 1982 ( CCT), [-19.871 -43.966]; Sapucai mirim , 2♀, 1992, [-22.747, -45.742]; 1♀, 1994 ( USNM); Pará, Bragantina , 1♀, 1978, [-1.053, -46.765]; Melgaço, Caixuanã , 2♀, 2♂, 2003, [-1.792, -51.434]; Moju , 14♀, 5m, 1985, [-1.883, -48.768]; 10f, 9m, 1995, [-1.883, -48.768]; Santarém , 1♀, 1973 ( AMNH), [-2.442, -54.707] ; 1♂, 1967 ( MZSP), [-2.442, -54.707]; Serra Norte , 1♂, 1985, [-6.108, -50.304]; Tomé Açu , 1♂, 1978, [-2.418, -48.151]; Tucurui , 1♀, 1979, [-3.766, -49.6725]; 1♂, 2005, [-3.766, -49.6725]; Paraná, Ipiranga , 1♂, 1962, [-25.023, - 50.584]; Ponta grossa , 1♀, 1939 ( MCN), [-25.095, -50.1619]; Rio negro , 3♀, 1929 ( MCN), [m -26.105, -49.797]; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre , 1♀, 1958, [-30.108, -51.317]; Santa Maria , 2♀, 1971 ( MCN), [-29.683, -53.806]; Derrubadas , 1♀, 2004, [-27.265, -53.860]; Triunfo , 1♀ ( MCN), [-29.683, -53.806]; Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia , 1♀, 1959, MNRJ, [-22.491, -44.559]; Bom Jardim , 1♀, 1♂, 2011 ( DAR); Nova Friburgo , 1♀, 1980 ( MZSP), [-22.281, -42.530]; Rondônia , 1♂, 1967 ( MZSP), [-12.765, -64.422]; Fazenda Rancho Grande , 3♀, 1944 ( JEE), [-1.520, -52.581] ; 2♀, 3♂, 1990 ( JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; 5f , 1♂, 1992 ( JEE), [1.520, -52.581] ; 20♀, 8♂, 1993 ( FSCA), [- 1.520, -52.581] ; 3♀, 3♂, 1994 ( JEE), [-1.520, -52.581] ; 2♀, 1996 ( JEE), [-1.520, -52.581] ; 5♀, 7♀, 1997 ( FSCA), [-1.520, -52.581] ; 1♀, 1989 ( JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; Vilhena , 1♂, 1973 ( AMNH), [-12.740, -60.145]; Cacaulandia , 1♂, 1989 ( JEE), [10.3411 -62.886]; Ariquemes , 2♀, 1♂, 1990 ( DAR), [-9.913, -63.040]; Cacaulandia , 1♂, 1991, [10.3411, -62.886]; Ariquemes , 1♂, 1993, [-9.913, -63.0408]; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia , 1♀, 1957 ( FSCA), [-27.161 -52.416]; São Paulo, Campinas , 1♀, 1975, [-22.906, -47.061]; Rio Claro , 1♀, 1943, [-22.410, -47.560]; Serra Negra , 1♀, 1943 ( MZSP) [-22.550, -46.700] ; 1♀, 1945; 1♀, 1946; São Bento do Sapucai , 1♀, 1953, [-22.688, -45.730]; Ribeirão preto , 2♂, 1954 ( MZSP), [-21.185, -47.809]; Barueri , 1♀, 1961 ( MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; Barueri , 1♀, 1966 ( MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; Nova Europa , 1♂, 1964 ( MZSP), [-21.777 -48.5608]; Piracicaba , 1♀, 1996, [-22.725, -47.648]. COLOMBIA, Narino, Tumaco , 2♀, 1♂, 2000 ( JEE), [1.806 -78.7647]; Vaupés , 1♀, 1990 ( USNM) ; 1♀, 1998 ( USNM) ; COSTA RICA, Guapiles , 1♀, 1915, [10.216 -83.783]; EQUADOR, Limon cocha, 1♀, 1977 ( USNM); Los Rios , 2♀, 1974 ( FSCA), [-1.816, -79.516]; Napo , 1♀, 1♂, 1998 ( JEE); Napo , 1♂, 1977 ( USNM); Pastaza , 2♂, 1971 ( AMNH); Pinchincha, Tinalandia , 1♀, 2000 ( FSCA); Quininde, Certicoces , 1♀, 1982, [0.333, -79.483]; Shushufindi , 3♀, 1♂, 1982, [-0.1872, -76.646]; GUATEMALA, 1♀, 1923; MEXICO, Cancun , Quintana , 2♀, 1990, [21.160, -86.847]; Chiapas, 6f, 197 ; 1♀, 1990; Michocan, Tuxpan , 2♀, 1968 ( FSCA), [-17.483, -63.65]; Palitla , 1♀, 1970 ( JEE); Quintana , 1♂, 1978 ( JEE), [19.6, -87.916] ; 4♀, 4♂, 1983 ( JEE), [19.6, -87.916] ; 1♀, 1984 ( JEE), [19.6, -87.916]; Tabasco, Villa nova , 1♂, 1963 ( FSCA), [17.990, -92.928]; Vera Cruz, Fortin de las flores , 1♀, 1964 ( FSCA), [1.087, -96.989] ; PANAMA, 1♀, 1931 ; 1♀, 1973; Gamboa, 5f, 1♂, 1980 [9.11666666667, - 79.7]; PARAGUAY, Caazapa , 1♀, 1990 ( JEE) ; 2♀, 1♂, 1993 ( JEE); Caapiata , 5f , 1♂ ( JEE); Concepcion , 1♀, 2003 ( JEE), [-22.533, -57.233]; Concepcion , 1♀, 2004 ( JEE), [-22.533, -57.233]; Formosa , 1♀, 1953 [-26.183, -58.175]; Itapua, Honehau , 12♀, 11♂, 1983 ( DAR), [-27.078, -55.645]; Alto Panama , 3♀, 1986 ( FSCA), [-25.416, -54.633]; Asuncion , 1♂, 1989 ( JEE); Jardim Botânico , 4♀, 1990 ( JEE) [-25.243, -57.588]; Itapua , 1♀, 1991 ( JEE); San Pedro , 1♀, 1990 ( JEE); San Pedro, Yaveto , 1♀, 2006 ( JEE) ; PERU, Cuzco , 1♀, 1964, [-13.530, -72.009]; Huanuco, Tingo Maria , 2♀, 6m, 1987 ( JEE), [6.934, -76.772]; Tingo Maria , 4♀, 2♂, 1946 ( AMNH), [-6.934, -76.772]; Tingo Maria , 1♀, 1954 ( AMNH), [-6.934, -76.772]; Tingo Maria , 3♀, 4♂, 1988, ( JEE), [-9.295, -75.995]; Tingo Maria , 1♂, 1988, ( JEE), [-9.295, -75.995]; Jenaro Herrera , 1♂, 1988 ( DAR), [-4.916 -73.666]; Loreto , 4♀, 1♂, 1970 ( AMNH) ; 2♂, 1972 ( AMNH); Inquitos , 1♀, 1988, [-3.748, -73.253]; 3♀, 4♂, 1989 ( FSCA); Satipo , 1♀, 1940 ( USNM); Satipo , 1♂, 1945 ( AMNH); San Ramon, San Ramon , 2♀, 1972 ( AMNH), [-11.124, -75.356]; Ucayali , 2♀, 1920, ( AMNH); Rio Santiago , 1♀, 1♂, 1924 ( AMNH) . VENEZUELA, 1♀, 1932 ( AMNH); Cordero , 1♂, 1982; 1♀, 1985 ( DAR), [7.856, -72.182]; Merida , 1♀, 1♂, 1974 ( AMNH). [8.586, -71.158]; Tachira , 1♀, 1980 [7.94, -72.12]; Tachira , 1♀, 1981, Tachira , 1♀, 1982.

Diagnosis: Antennae five-segmented, first antennomere longer than the second; pygophore: conical projection of ventral rim with apical setae; segment X oval, tapering toward apex.

Male. Genitalia: conical projection of ventral rim of pygophore rounded, not furcate, with apical setae; posterolateral angles acute, medial projection of posterolateral angles tumescent, attaining dorsally the level of the dorsal limit of segment X in lateral view; lateral projection of dorsal rim thin, spine like and lateral to the posterolateral angle; segment X higher than wide in posterior view, and longer than wide in ventral view ( Fig. 4A–D ); head of parameres covered by setae, apical projection long, largest axis of head equals the length of stem ( Fig. 5A–C ); phallus with robust 1+1 lateral projections of vesica, placed near the limits with phallotheca; ductus seminis distalis twisted in the median region ( Fig. 5M–O ).

Female. Genitalia valvifers VIII longer than wide; laterotergites IX uncovered; lateral angles little projected, attaining the level of a line connecting the mesial thrichobotria of urosternite VII; disc evenly convex ( Fig. 6A ). Valvulae IX with large folds covered by conical microsculptures; thickening of vaginal intima and translucent; ring sclerites half the diameter of orificium receptaculi, this almost the same width of vaginal intima ( Fig. 7A ).

Comments. Macropygium reticulare is one of the two most widespread species of Macropygium , the other one is M. spinolae , the two species having largely overlapping distributions ( Figs 12 , 13 ). Both M. reticulare and M. spinolae have more robust pygophore when compared to the remainder species of Macropygium . The pygophore in M. reticulare have a triangular, long segment X in dorsal view ( Fig. 4B; X ), while in M. spinolae the segment X is rounded and wide ( Fig. 4F ). The medial projections of the posterolateral angles ( Fig. 4C ; ppla) and the segment X ( Fig. 4C; X ) are equally projected dorsally in M. reticulare , while in M. spinolae the medial projections are less projected than segment X ( Fig. 4G ). Female genital plates in M. reticulare are similar to M. spinolae and M. bifidum ( Fig. 6A–C ). Macropygium reticulare differs from M. spinolae by the relatively smaller valvifers VIII ( Fig. 6A ); in M. spinolae the valvifers VIII are longer and wider, partially covering both the base of laterotergites IX and the limits between the latter and laterotergites VIII ( Fig. 6B ). Macropygium reticulare differs from both M. spinolae and M. bifidum by the valvifers VIII attaining or little surpassing posteriorly an imaginary line connecting the spiracles in laterotergtes VIII; in M. spinolae and M. bifidum the valvifers VIII surpass posteriorly such an imaginary line by at least twice the spiracle diameter. Little projected valvifers VIII are also seen in M. subsulcatum ( Fig. 6E ), however in the latter the valvifers VIII are relatively wider and with broadly rounded apical angle.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of Macropygium species (female and male, respectively). Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803) (A–B); Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860 (C–D).

FIGURE 4. Pygophore of Macropygium species, ventral, dorsal, lateral, and posterior view, respectively. Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803) (A–D); Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860 (E–H); Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837) (I–L), Macropygium graziae Silva & Campos, sp. nov. (M–P, holotype). Abbreviations: cp, conical projection; lp, lateral projections of dorsal rim; pl, posterolateral angles; ppla, medial projection of the posterolateral angle; par, paramere; X, segment X.

FIGURE 5. Paramere ventral, lateral, and dorsal view, respectively (A–L), and phallus dorsal, lateral, and ventral view, respectively (M–Y) of Macropygium species. Figure O is slightly slanted to the left to show the projection of phallotheca. Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803) (A–C, M–O); Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860 (D–F, P–R); Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837) (G–I, S–U); Macropygium graziae Silva & Campos, sp. nov. (J–L, W–Y). Abbreviations: ap, apical projection; ds, ductus seminis distalis; mp, medial projection; ph, phallotheca; pp, projection of phallotheca; sap, second apical projection; v, vesica.

FIGURE 6. Female genital plates of Macropygium species, ventroposterior view. Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803) (A); Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860 (B); Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837) (C); Macropygium graziae Silva & Campos, sp. nov. (D); Macropygium subsulcatum (Amyot & Serville, 1843) (E). Abbreviations: laIX, laterotergite IX; laVIII, laterotergite VIII; vfIX, valvifer IX; vfVIII, valvifer VIII; VII, urosternite VII; X, segment X.

FIGURE 7. Female internal genitalia of Macropygium species, ventral view. Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803) (A), Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860 (B), Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837) (C), Macropygium graziae Silva & Campos, sp. nov. (D). Abbreviations: cs, capsula seminalis; dr, ductus recptaculi; er, ring sclerites; id, internal duct of the vesicular area; laIX, laterotergite IX; md, median duct of the vesicular area; vaIX, valvulae IX; vfIX, valvifers IX; vi, vagina intima; pi, pars intermedialis; pr, processes of capsula seminalis.

FIGURE 12. Distribution map of Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803), Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837), and Macropygium subsulcatum (Amyot & Serville, 1843).

FIGURE 13. Distribution map of Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860, and Macropygium graziae Silva & Campos, sp. nov..