A new trapdoor spider species from the southern Coast Ranges of California (Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus coylei, sp. nov,), including consideration of mitochondrial phylogeographic structuring
Hedin, Marshal
Carlson, Dave
Zootaxa
2011
2963
55
68
BRXL
1094235
Arachnida
Antrodiaetidae
Aliatypus
Animalia
Araneae
3
60
Arthropoda
species
coylei
new species
Figs 1-5
Typematerial. Male holotypefrom Arroyo Seco Gorge, W of Arroyo Center, Monterey County, California, 36.2332°N, 121.4921°W, collected 12 October 2003, M. Hedin& J. Starrett( MY 999, CASENT9039430). COI GenBank JN034076, MorphBank images 588043-47. Female paratypefrom Carmel Valley Road, 1.25 kmN of intersection with Tassajara Road, Monterey County, California, 36.4068°N, 121.5918°W, collected 25 November 2003, J. Starrett( MY 1013, CASENT9039431). COI GenBank JN034075, MorphBank images 588033-34.
Etymology. Patronym honoring mentor and friend Dr. Fred Coyle, in recognition of his rigorous and inspirational systematic research conducted on mygalomorph spiders, including the genus Aliatypus.
Diagnosis (Figs 2-4). Males are distinguished from those of other Aliatypusspecies by the following combination of characters-sternum like A. thompsoni Coyleand species of the A. erebusgroup, with relatively large, relatively closely-spaced posterior sternal sigilla ( Coyle 1974, figs 60-64). This shape is best captured by the CL/PSL and SW/PSS ratios (Table 2). The shape of the A. coyleipalpal tibia (banana-shaped) is unlike the above species, except for A. torridus( Coyle 1974, fig. 91). This shape is best captured by the PTX/PTL ratio (Table 2). Leg I segments of A. coyleimales are relatively longer than A. torridusmales ( CL/ IFLratio, Table 2). Females are distinguished from those of other Aliatypusspecies by the following combination of characters-sternum most like species of the A. erebusgroup, with relatively large posterior sternal sigilla ( Coyle 1974, figs 74-77), but not as closely spaced as those of A. thompsoni(see PSL/ PSSratio, Table 2). Aliatypus coyleialso differs from A. thompsoniin having few ensiform macrosetae on metatarsus I, in possessing a thoracic pit, and in the shape of the seminal receptacles. Females of A. coyleiare relatively short-legged, again like members of the A. erebusgroup (e.g., CL/ IVTLratio, Table 2), and possess similar-shaped seminal receptacles ( Coyle 1974, figs 174- 194). Of the species in the A. erebusgroup, A. erebusand A. torridusare most likely to be confused with A. coylei( A. trophonius Coyleis diminutive, and A. plutonis Coyleis known only from far southern California). Although CL/PSL and SW/PSL ratios may be useful in distinguishing A. coyleifrom A. erebusand A. torridus(see Table 2), these morphological characters are unlikely to be strictly diagnostic. If genomic resources are available, the following amino acid changes in the COI reference alignment can be used to separate A. coyleifrom all members of the A. erebusgroup: position 15 (Phe in A. coylei, Serin A. erebusgroup members), position 17 (Val, Glu), position 153 (Ile, Val), position 294 (Tyr, Asn), and position 310 (Cys, Asn).
TABLE2. Comparison of informative character ratios in Aliatypus. Females CL/IVTL CL/PSS CL/PSL SW/PSS SW/PSL PSL/PSS A. californicusgroup 2.3-2.9 4.7-8.3 12.1-33.2 2.6-4.4 6.5-16.2 0.2-0.7 A. aquilonius 2.5-2.8 4.4-6.8 17.5-41 2.3-3.4 8.8-20 0.1-0.4 A. gulosus 2.9-3.3 4.8-6.3 13.5-22.2 2.6-3.4 7.1-13.7 0.2-0.4 A. thompsoni 2.6-3.1 12.7-31.6 6.5-10.9 6.6-18.4 3.3-5.7 1.3-4.1 A. erebus 3.0-3.5 7.7-14.7 6.5-9.8 4.3-8.5 3.8-5.3 0.8-2.0 A. torridus 3.1-3.4 8-10 8.3-10 4.4-5.4 4.6-5.4 0.8-1.1 A. coylei 3.1 9.3 10.8 4.9 5.7 0.9 - - - - - - - Males CL/IFL CL/PPL PTT/PTL PTX/PTL CL/PSL SW/PSS A. californicusgroup 0.9-1.2 1.3-1.9 0.2-0.3 0.7-0.8 13.6-24.4 2.2-4.3 A. aquilonius 0.9-1 1.3-1.4 0.2 0.7 24.3-34.1 2.2-2.5 A. gulosus 0.9-1 1.3-1.5 0.2 0.4-0.5 22.1-30.7 2.2-2.9 A. thompsoni 0.8-0.9 1.3-1.6 0.2-0.3 0.7-0.8 8-10.7 5.9-12.5 A. erebus 1.2-1.3 1.6-2.0 0.4 0.7-0.8 8.8-13.4 3. 3-5.4 A. torridus 1-1.1 1.6-1.9 0.3 0.6-0.7 10.3-14.4 3.4-4.1 A. coylei 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.5 12.3 3.8 Notes. Male and female data for species other than A. coyleiare from Tables 1 & 2 of Coyle (1974). All measurements in millimeters.
Holotypemale (Fig. 2). Carapace 3.7 long, 3.2 wide, pars cephalica 2.2 long. Thoracic groove slightly oval, pit-like, anterior edge recurved. Cluster of postocular setae forming small backwards-pointing triangle. Leg I IFL 4.2, ITL 2.7, IML2.6, ITarL 1.5. Dorsal setae on tibia and metatarsus mostly appressed, ventral ensiform macrosetae on tibia and metatarsus numerous, tibial dorsal macrosetae erect. Pedipalp PFL 4.7, PPL 2.8, PTL 3.9, PTX 2.0, PTT 0.7, PED 1.0, PCA 0.4. Tibia elongate, roughly banana-shaped, hirsute. Palpal bulb with loosely looped sperm reservoir, base of embolus relatively distant from base of inner conductor sclerite ( ICS). Sternum SL 2.2, SW 1.9, posterior sternal sigilla moderately close ( PSS0.5), oval-shaped, faint. Abdomen tergite II large, tergite III subequal to tergite II, boundary indistinct; tergite I minute. Paratypefemale (Figs 3-4). Carapace 6.5 long, 4.9 wide, pars cephalica 4.2 long. Thoracic groove pit-like, anterior edge slightly recurved. Cluster of postocular setae forming small backwards-pointing triangle. Chelicerae with row of 2 retrolateral macroteeth, 6 prolateral macroteeth, 7-8 intermediate microteeth. Leg I IFL 4.0, ITL 2.4, IML1.8, ITarL 1.0, 11 ensiform macrosetae on metatarsus. Leg IV (right) IVFL 4.1, IVTL 2.1, IVML 3.2, IVTarL 1.4. Pedipalp tarsus with 7 ensiform macrosetae on prolateral surface, 3 ensiform macrosetae on retrolateral surface. Sternum SL 4.2, SW 3.4, posterior sternal sigilla well separated ( PSS= 0.7), large ( PSL= 0.6), oval-shaped. Seminal receptacles with relatively large bulbs as compared to stalk diameter, stalks short, with single bend.
Other records. The species is known from 20 other geographic locations, represented by 28 adultspecimens (Table 1). Two other locations are represented only by immature specimens (sites 3 and 23, Table 1); DNA analyses indicate that these immatures are A. coyleispecimens.
FIGURE1. A) Adult female Aliatypus coylei( MY4194), Harlan Mountain Road, Gabilan Range, San Benito County; B) Aliatypustrapdoor, Harlan Mountain Road, Gabilan Range, San Benito County; C) Known distribution of Aliatypus coylei. Site numbers correspond to Table 1; some geographically adjacent sites are represented by a single white circle. Regional records of other Aliatypusspecies as follows: red dots = A. janus, blue dots = A. torridus(records from Coyle 1974, Coye & Icenogle 1994; Satler et al. in review; personal observations). San Luc = Santa Lucia Range, Gab = Gabilan Range, Diablo = Diablo Range. FIGURE2. Male holotype, MY999 (CASENT9039430), W of Arroyo Center (site 19): A) carapace and abdomen, viewed dorsally, B) left pedipalp, viewed retrolaterally, C) left leg I, viewed retrolaterally, D) sternum and chelicerae, viewed ventrally, E) palpal bulb, viewed ventrally. Scale bar A-D = 1 mm, E = 0.5 mm.
Geographic variation. A male from site 9 (Table 1) is smaller-bodied than the holotypemale, but otherwise conforms to the holotypein shape of palpal tibia, details of the bulb, and shape of sternal sigilla. Female specimens vary noticeably in shape of the seminal receptacles, although most possess relatively large bulbs, with short, narrow stalks. An exception is MY2671 from site 24 (Table 1), with seminal receptacles not unlike A. gulosus Coyle, with straight, short stalks leading to bulbs of only slightly larger diameter (Fig. 3 L). Specimens from several sites include more stalk bends than the holotypefemale (e.g., Fig. 3 E, G, J, K). The general characteristics of sternal sigilla morphology (large, fairly close together, diverging oblong shape) is similar among female specimens, with minor exceptions. For example, specimen MY374 from site 12 (Table 1) has relatively widely spaced, less elongate posterior sigilla (Fig. 4 B). Several other females have irregular-shaped sigilla (e.g., Figs 4 D, E).
Distribution. Most records are from the southern Coast Ranges, including the Gabilan, Diablo, Santa Lucia, and La Panza Ranges. Two isolated records are from further south in California, with a record from the Transverse Ranges (site 23, Table 1, Fig. 1), and a record from the Santa Monica Mountains (site 24, Table 1, Fig. 1).
Natural history. Consistent with the relatively broad geographic distribution of this species, populations have been found in several habitat typesincluding coastal redwood forest, Monterey Pine forest, mixed Pinus sabiniana/ Quercuswoodland, and habitats dominated by Adenostemma/ Arctostaphyloschaparral scrub. Essentially all collections are from more mesic microhabitats within these larger habitat types, including north-facing ravines, shaded banks, and shaded roadcuts. Burrows have been found on essentially vertical banks (e.g., sites 1, 5, 13, 15), but also on shallower slopes (e.g., sites 10, 12, 22). Many burrows were characterized by almost a complete absence of silk. Adult females have been collected throughout the year; two adult male specimens were collected from burrows in October (Table 1).
4404061302
2011-01-01
2011-12-31
2011-01-01
CAS
M. Hedin & J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey County
36.2332
Arroyo Seco Gorge, W of Arroyo Center
1
-121.4921
3
60
MY 999, CASENT9039430
1
1
California
holotype
4404061301
2011-01-01
2011-12-31
2011-01-01
CAS
J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey County
36.4068
Carmel Valley Road, 1.25 km N of intersection with Tassajara Road
1
-121.5918
3
60
MY 1013, CASENT9039431
1
1
California
paratype
1227939466
2010-03-27
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett, D. Carlson, B. Keith
United States of America
36.8369
Monterey Co., Hidden Valley Road, E. of Elkhorn Slough
-121.7021
2
57
MY 4167 I, MY 4168 I, MY 4169 I, MY 4170 I, MY 4362 F
5
1
California
Other material
1227939471
2006-11-28
J Starrett
United States of America
36.8676
Monterey Co., Tarpey Road, 0.6 mi. E of Maher Road
-121.6786
2
57
MY 1145 I, MY 11461, MY 4361 F
3
1
California
Other material
1227939456
2006-03-11
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett
United States of America
36.8602
San Benito Co., 1400 Hwy 101, Monterey Vacation RV Park, below Pinacate Peak, N-facing oak hillside
-121.6126
2
57
MY 1117 I
1
California
Other material
1227939461
2003-04-05
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett, P. Paquin
United States of America
36.7858
San Benito Co., San Juan Canyon Road, vie. Fremont State Park
-121.4607
2
57
MY 827 F, MY 828 I
2
1
California
Other material
1227939458
2010-04-01
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett, D. Carlson, B. Keith
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.6948
San Benito Co., Harlan Mtn Road, W of Cienega Rd.
-121.3536
2
57
MY 4194 F, MY 4195 F
2
2
California
Other material
1227939460
2010-04-01
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett, D. Carlson
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.6921
San Benito Co., Cienega Road
-121.3052
2
57
MY 4196 F, MY 4197 F
2
2
California
Other material
1227939473
2007-03-24
MCH
M. Hedin, R. Keith, J. Starrett, D. Leavitt
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.5213
San Benito Co., Hwy. 25, N of jnct. with Hwy 146, Bear Valley
-121.1399
2
57
MY 1214 F, MY 1215 I
2
1
California
Other material
1227939455
2003-08-22
J Starrett, I Ballard
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.4883
San Benito Co., Pinnacles NM, Hwy 146 (W entrance)
-121.217
2
57
MY 955 F
1
1
Other material
1227939451
2003-10-11
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.4867
San Benito Co., Pinnacles NM, 1.4 mi. beyond W park entrance
-121.2231
2
57
MY 4360 M
1
1
Other material
1227939463
2009-03-30
MCH
M. Hedin, D. Leavitt, J. Satler, J. Starrett
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.38
San Benito Co., Coalinga Road, west of Hernandez Reservoir
-120.9222
2
57
MY 1645 F, MY 1646 I
2
1
California
Other material
1227939452
2009-03-30
MCH
M. Hedin, D. Leavitt, J. Satler, J. Starrett
United States of America
San Benito Co.
36.2927
San Benito Co., Lonoak Road, E of King City
-120.9878
2
57
MY 1642 F
1
1
California
Other material
1227939464
2002-07-27
MCH
M. Hedin, P. Paquin, J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey Co.
36.5717
Monterey Co., near entrance of Jack's Peak County Park, off Hwy 68
-121.8575
2
57
MY 373 F, MY 374 F, MY 375 I
3
2
California
Other material
1227939470
2007-12-21
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett, D. Leavitt
United States of America
Monterey Co.
36.524
Monterey Co., G 20 (Laureles Grade Road), 0.5 mi. S of Laureles Summit
-121.7558
2
57
MY 1326 F
1
1
California
Other material
1227939469
2007-12-21
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Starrett, D. Leavitt
United States of America
Monterey Co.
36.575
Monterey Co., N. of Pine Canyon, Sierra de Salinas, off Pine Canyon Rd
-121.6281
2
57
MY 1322 F, MY 1323 F
2
2
California
Other material
1227939453
2005-03-17
JEB
J. Bond
United States of America
Monterey Co.
36.3997
Monterey Co., Palo Colorado Road, 0.9 mi E. of Hwy 1, near Rocky Point
-121.8915
2
57
MY 3058 F, MY 3059 F
2
2
California
Other material
1227939472
2009-03-29
MCH
M. Hedin, D. Leavitt, J. Satler, J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey Co.
36.3987
Monterey Co., Palo Colorado Road, E of Hwy 1
-121.8864
2
57
MY 1643 F, MY 1644 I
2
1
California
Other material
1227939468
2004-12-23
JRS
J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey Co.
36.4248
Monterey Co., Cachagua Road, 6.9 mi. N. Tassajara Road
-121.6835
2
57
MY 1043 F
1
1
California
Other material
1227939474
2003-11-25
J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey Co.
35.8366
Monterey Co., Nathaniel Owings Redwood Grove, 4 mi. S of Gorda (Hwy 1)
-121.3922
2
57
MY 1010 F
1
1
California
Other material
1227939459
2003-11-25
J. Starrett
United States of America
Monterey Co.
35.7994
Monterey Co., Hwy 1 turnoff, 1.8 mi. S of Salmon Creek Trail
-121.3463
2
57
MY 1011 F, MY 1012 I
2
1
California
Other material
1227939462
2003-04-05
MCH
M. Hedin, Paquin, J. Starrett
United States of America
San Luis Obispo Co.
35.4168
San Luis Obispo Co., Hwy 58, 4.1 mi E. of Santa Margarita
-120.5567
2
57
MY 829 F, MY 830 F, MY 831 F, MY 832 F, MY 833 I
5
4
California
Other material
1227939465
2010-07-27
MCH
M. Hedin, J. Satler, D. Carlson
United States of America
Kern Co.
34.8624
Kern Co., San Emigdio Mountains, San Emigdio Creek, off Mil Potrero Hwy
-119.1275
2
57
MY 4338 I, MY 4343 I
2
California
Other material
1227939467
2004-03-17
JEB
J. Bond, C. Spruill, D. Beamer
United States of America
Los Angeles Co.
34.0592
Los Angeles Co., Point Dume, Kanan Dume Rd.
-118.7994
2
57
MY 2671 F
1
1
California
Other material