Ochna afzelioides Ochna holstii Ochna Ochna A taxonomic revision of the ecologically important Ochna holstii (Ochnaceae) complex using molecular and morphological data Shah, Toral Mashimba, Fandey H. Suleiman, Haji. O. Mbailwa, Yahya S. Savolainen, Vincent Larridon, Isabel Darbyshire, Iain Plant Ecology and Evolution 2023 2023-05-03 156 2 174 200 48D8J E246E9E9-3EED-59B9-A69E-7FB4021410DB N. Robson (Robson 1962: 25) N. Robson (Robson 1962 Magnoliopsida Ochnaceae Ochna treatment-meta Plantae Ochna puberula Malpighiales 0 174 Tracheophyta species puberula   Figs 3B , 11   Ochna afzelioidessensu Bamps and Farron (1967)quoad Schmitz 2653, non Robson (1962: 36).  Ochna holstiisensu Bamps and Farron (1967)quoad Schmitz 6548, non Engler (1894: 69).  Ochna Ochnasp. 40 of Flora of Tropical East Africa ( Verdcourt 2005: 37) - Type: UGANDA • Ankole District, Bushenyi, S Kasyoha - KitomiForest, Kamukaaga, between R. Kyambura and R. Nzozi.   Type.  ZAMBIA• Abercorn [Mbala], Kawimbe; 1958; Richards 10235; holotype: K [K001387768 - Sheet 1, K001387769 - Sheet 2].  Description. Shrub or small tree, 0.5-6 m tall. Bark grey-white or grey-brown, rough, sometimes with white, peeling or exfoliating bark. Stems and young new growth rusty brown, sometimes with white lenticels, puberulous, often drying blue-black. Stipules pale brown, linear, semi-persistent, 2.5-6 mm long. Leaves green, drying blue-black, thin, glabrous, lanceolate-oblanceolate to elliptic, (1.5-)3-8 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, leaf base cuneate to attenuate, acute to obtuse at apex, margins serrate, often densely so with teeth curving inwards; lateral veins> 20, tertiary vernation reticulate on both sides, midrib raised above and below; petiole 0.5-2 mm long; buds brown, glabrous, bud scales linear, semi-persistent up to 1 cm long. Flowers almost always precocious, arranged in pseudo-umbels or racemes, (2-)4-8 flowers; rachis up to 1.5 cm; pedicels 1.5-3 cm long, articulated at or near the base or up to 7 mm above base, puberulous or rarely glabrous, often drying blue-black. Sepals green, elliptic to broadly elliptic, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide in flower, turning red in fruit 1.5-2 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide. Petals yellow, obovate, 1.2-9.5 mm long, 0.7-4 mm wide. Anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits, sometimes drying bluish, 0.8-1.5 mm long; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long. Carpels 5-9; style capitate at apex with lobes, 3-6.5 mm long. Drupelets black, ellipsoid-subglobose, 6-13 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, attached at the base.  Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (Fig. 11).   Figure 11.Distribution map for  Ochna puberulain Tanzania, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.  Habitat. Miombo woodland, on rocky ground. Altitude: 740-1940 m.  Phenology. Flowering and fruiting October to February. This corresponds to the short rainfall season in East Africa from October to December and the longer rainfall season in southern Africa from November to March.  Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment.   Ochna puberulaoccurs in miombo woodland across east and southern Africa. The species has an estimated EOO of 1,695.266 km2 and AOO of 200 km2. Since the species has a large EOO, occurs in up to 29 locations with more than 10 in protected areas, and has no direct threats to its population size, number of mature individuals and distribution, the species is assessed as Least Concern (LC).  Additional material examined.   DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO- Haut Katanga• Katanga, Entre Pwetoet Kapulo; 25 June 1957;  Duvignaud3690; BR • Katanga, RouteKipiri-Pweto-Mitwaba, km 88; 30 May 1957;  Duvignaud3788; BR • Luiswishi; 22 Nov. 1984; fl.;  1208 m; Malaisse 13386; BR [BR0000017182324], K [K001271482].   UGANDA- Western• Ankole district; Bushenyi, S Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest; Oct 1998; fr.; Hafashimana 0662; K [K000545621, K000545622].   TANZANIA-  Kondoa District• Near Mneniaon scarp; 13 Jan. 1928; fr.;  Burtt1053; BM, EA, K [K001383181, K001383180]. -   Kigoma District• Simbohills; 8 Jan. 1928;  Burtt1027; EA, K [K001383176, K001383175]. -   Same District• Kinyassi Mt; 2 Jan. 1928;  Burtt921; K [K001383172] • 27 Jan. 1932; fr.,  Lynes33; K [K001383178]. -   Sumbawanga District• ca 2.0 km SW from junction with the Sumbawanga-Mbala(Zambia) Roadon the road to Safu; 08°34 '54"S, 31°29 '27"E;  1790-1820 m; 14-15 Nov. 1933; Schmidt 1194; K [K001383191] • Muse Escarpment; 2 Dec. 1963; fl.; Vesey-FitzGerald 4254; K [K001383192] • Sumbawanga district, 1.0 km S of Moravian Missionat Tatanda (Livingstone Memorial Mission) on the Sumbawanga-Mbala (Zambia) Road; 08°30 '07"S, 31°30 '08"E;  1780 m; 13 Nov. 1993; fr.;  Schmidtet al. 1171; K [K001383193]. -   Mkalama District• Usule-Kiraminu, 15 Nov. 1933; fr.;  Michelmore822; EA, K [K001383177]. -   Biharamulo District• Bukobaroad; 13 Nov. 1948;  Ford851; K [K001383190]. -   Iringa District• 4 mls from Iringaon Dodomaroad; Feb. 1961; fr.;  Procter1763; K [K001383171] • Nyororo town, Idetero, off main road after Nyororo townalong Mbeyaroad; 08°32 '44"S, 35°00 '51.3"E;  1795 m; 26 Jan. 2020; fr.;  Shah TS97; K [K001271512]. -   Ludewa District• Livingstone Mountains, steep E-facing slope of Ligala Mountainalong foot trail from mission at Madunda; 09°51'S, 34°27'E;  1940-2110 m; 13 Feb. 1991; fr.;  Gereau& Kayombo4021; K [K001082549]. -   Kilolo District• Kihesa-Kilolo town, off main Iringa-Dodomaroad, near Kihesa townnear old dump site; 07°43 '53.8"S, 35°43 '43.3"E;  1634 m; 22 Jan. 2020;  Shah TS90; K [K001271513]. -   Makete District• Lower Ndumbi Valley; 08°55'S, 34°05'E;  1400-1800 m; 14 Dec. 1986; fr.;  Lovett& Congdon1109; K [K001383174, K001383179]. -   Manyoni District• Madibira Hills;  1400 m; 9 Dec. 1990; fl.;  Congdon303; K [K001383183, K001383182].   MALAWI-  Chitipa District• Misukucrossroads; 30 Dec. 1972;  Pawek6257; K [K001387718] • Mzimba district,  1 mi.S of Mzambazi Mission;  1380 m; 28 Dec. 1975; Pawek 10598; K [K001387720]. -   Rumphi District• Vwaze Marsh Reserve, Boweroad; 5 Feb. 1977; fr.; Pawek 12325; K [K001387722]. -   Karonga District• 10 mi.SW of Karonga, Chaminade Sec. School;  740 m; 5 Jan. 1978; Pawek 13537; K [K001387719].   MOZAMBIQUE-  Tete Province• Angonia, Ulongue, dentro da pastagem da veterinaria; 11 Dec. 1980; fr.;  Macuacua1424; K [K001387717].   ZAMBIA-  Lusaka Province• Mteshiwoodland on top of scarp overlooking Mweru Wantipa, near Mpundu; 08°45'S, 29°50'E; 24 Oct. 1949; fl.;  Bullock1377; K [K001387765]. -   Southern Province• Mazabuka, Siambo Forest Reserve, near Choma; 13 Dec. 1952; fr.; Angus 939; K [K001387741] • Mazabuka district, Siamambo Forest Reserve; 17 Jan. 1960; White 6307; K [K001387755] • Choma; 14 Jan. 1963;  van Rensburg1208; K [K001387753] • Chilongowelo, old Mplungo Road; 12 Jan. 1952; fr.;  Richards360; K [K001387764] • Firebreak Chilongowelo, right side path; fl.;  Richards2296; K [K001387745]. -   Northern Province• Onsteep rocky slopes of Sunzu Hill; 18 Nov. 1952;  White3706; K [K001387762] • Kawimbe;  1680 m; 16 Nov. 1956; fl.; Richards 7000; K [K001387744] • Kambole Escarpment;  1500 m; 29 Jan. 1964; fr.; Richards 18875; K [K001387751] • Mbala district, in woodland, grass and rocks across the road from Ndundu;  1740 m; 30 Dec. 1967;  Richards22836; K [K001387756]. -   Copperbelt Province• Ndola; 10 Dec. 1953; fl.; Fanshawe 565; K [K001387736] • Ndola; Feb. 1954; Fanshawe 840; K [K001387742] • Sunzu Kalambo Farm; 8 Jan. 1955; Richards 3952; K [K001387763] • Kitwe; 11 Dec. 1955; Fanshawe 2648; K [K001387757] • Kitwe; 13 Dec. 1959; fl.; Fanshawe 5316; K [K001387767] • Kitwe; 16 Nov. 1955; fl.; Fanshawe 2610; K [K001387746] • Mufulira; 3 Jan. 1956; fr.;  Fanshawe2686; K [K001387740]. -   Eastern Province•  Nsadzu Br.;  900 m; 27 Nov. 1958; fl.; Robson 745; K [K001271504] • Nsadzu Br.;  900 m; 27 Nov. 1958; fl.; Robson 745; K [K001271504] • Hillside above Ndundu;  1740 m; 28 Jan. 1962; Richards 15966; K [K001387759] • Slope of Nakatari Hill;  1650 m; 4 Nov. 1965; fl.;  Richards20666; K [K001271503]. -   North-Western Province• Mwinilunga district,  Zambesi River Rapids, 4 milesfrom Kalene Mission;  1500 m; 5. Nov. 1962; fr.;  Richards17227; K [K001387761] • Mwinilunga district, Kabompo Gorge;  1200 m; 22 Nov. 1962; fl.;  Richards17471; K [K001387760].   ZIMBABWE-  Harare District• Salisbury; 13 Nov. 1921;  Eyles3216; K [K001387732] • Salisbury, Bishops Mount; 6 Feb. 1933;  Mundy7907; K [K001387728]. -   Chimanimani District• Melsetter, Rocklands, near "The View"; 7 Oct. 1950;  Sturgeon30492; K [K001387730, K00138773]. -   Binga District• Sebungwe district; 20 Nov. 1951;  Lovemore35082; K [K001387729]. -   Mashonaland District• Marandellas, Grasslands Research Station; 6 Dec. 1965;  West6994; K [K001387735].  Bibliography.  Robson (1963: 244); ( Verdcourt 2005: 26).  Notes. For differences to the closely similar species  O. polyneura, see the note under that species. The distribution for  O. puberulaextends into south-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is noteworthy that Robson (1962)and Verdcourt (2005)did not acknowledge this range extension as it is possible that they only saw material of  O. puberulafrom cultivated areas of DRC. Robson (1962)included the non-cultivated DRC specimens under  O. afzelioides.Later work, however, by Bamps and Farron (1967)revised the material from Lubumbashi (Elisabethville), Katanga province, DRC and placed it under  O. puberula, listing  O. afzelioidesas a synonym. In this study, we clearly distinguish between the two species and can confirm the distribution of each. Moreover, an undescribed species,  Ochnasp. 40listed in FTEA ( Verdcourt 2005), is placed under  O. puberulain this study based on molecular evidence supported by the morphology. The inclusion of the specimen Hafashimana 0662here has extended the species'range into Uganda. The specimen has an accrescent calyx that encloses the drupelets and has leaves drying blue-black, similar to other specimens of  O. puberula. However, flowering material of this species from S Kasyoha-Kitomi forest, Ankole district, Uganda, has not been seen, and more material from this region would be ideal to place it confidently within  O. puberula.As the specimen is sister to the rest of  O. puberula, additional fertile material may reveal differences between specimens from this region and true  O. puberula. 4098977312 1957-05-30 1984-11-22 1957-05-30 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Katanga 1208 Kapulo Entre Pweto 1 Katanga 4098977364 1998-10 S Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest UGANDA Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Ankole district 1 Bushenyi 4098977336 1928-01-13 Burtt TANZANIA Near Mnenia 1 Kondoa District 4098977374 1928-01-08 Burtt Tanzania Simbo 1 Kigoma District 4098977360 1928-01-02 1932-01-27 1928-01-02 Lynes Tanzania Burtt Kinyassi Mt 1 Same District 4098977386 1933-11-14 1993-11-13 1933-11-14 Schmidt Tanzania Sumbawanga-Mbala 1805 -8.501945 Safu 21 31.502222 Road 1 Sumbawanga District 4098977323 1933-11-15 Michelmore Tanzania Usule-Kiraminu 1 Mkalama District 4098977371 1948-11-13 Ford Tanzania Bukoba 1 Biharamulo District 4098977366 1961-02 2020-01-26 1961-02 Procter, Shah TS Tanzania Nyororo town 1795 -8.545556 Nyororo town 15 35.01425 Idetero 1 Iringa District 4098977317 1991-02-13 Gereau, Kayombo Tanzania Livingstone Mountains 2025 -9.85 Madunda 1298 34.45 Ligala Mountain 1 Ludewa District 4098977349 2020-01-22 Shah TS Tanzania Kihesa-Kilolo town 1634 -7.7316113 Kihesa town 1 35.728695 Iringa-Dodoma 1 Kilolo District 4098977316 1986-12-14 Lovett, Congdon Tanzania 1600 -8.916667 Lower Ndumbi Valley 1300 34.083332 1 Makete District 4098977363 1990-12-09 Congdon Tanzania 1400 Madibira Hills 1 Manyoni District 4098977368 1972-12-30 1975-12-28 1972-12-30 MALAWI 1380 Pawek Misuku 1 Chitipa District 4098977389 1977-02-05 Malawi Bowe Vwaze Marsh Reserve 1 Rumphi District 4098977331 1978-01-05 Malawi 740 Karonga District 1 Karonga District 4098977361 1980-12-11 MOZAMBIQUE Ulongue Angonia 1 Tete Province 4098977377 1949-10-24 Bullock ZAMBIA Mteshi -8.75 Mpundu 1300 29.833334 Mweru Wantipa 1 Lusaka Province 4098977357 1952-01-12 1963-01-14 1952-01-12 van Rensburg, Richards, Firebreak Chilongowelo Zambia Mazabuka Choma Siambo Forest Reserve 1 Southern Province 4098977376 1952-11-18 1967-12-30 1952-11-18 Richards Zambia On 1680 White Sunzu Hill 1 Northern Province 4098977306 1953-12-10 1959-12-13 1953-12-10 Fanshawe Zambia Ndola 1 Copperbelt Province 4098977343 1958-11-27 1965-11-04 1958-11-27 Nsadzu Br., Richards Zambia 900 Slope of Nakatari Hill Nsadzu Br. 1 Eastern Province 4098977330 1962-11-05 1962-11-22 1962-11-05 Richards Zambia Mwinilunga district 1500 Zambesi River Zambesi River Rapids 1 North-Western Province 4098977358 1921-11-13 1933-02-06 1921-11-13 Bishops Mount, Mundy ZIMBABWE Eyles Salisbury 1 Harare District 4098977309 1950-10-07 Sturgeon Zimbabwe Rocklands Melsetter 1 Chimanimani District 4098977381 1951-11-20 Lovemore Zimbabwe Sebungwe district 1 Binga District 4098977320 1965-12-06 West Zimbabwe Grasslands Research Station Marandellas 1 Mashonaland District