Bryant, 1948 : 361
Roewer 1955 : 332
Brady 1964 : 479
Oxyopes salticus
Banks 1903 : 341
Bryant 1940 : 286
The jumping lynx spider Oxyopes salticus Hentz, 1845 and its Neotropical relatives (Araneae: Oxyopidae)
Santos, Adalberto J.
Zootaxa
2017
4216
5
457
481
4BGGN
Bryant
Bryant
[151,421,1376,1403]
Arachnida
Oxyopidae
Oxyopes
Animalia
Araneae
14
471
Arthropoda
species
crewi
Oxyopes crewi Bryant, 1948: 361–363, pl. 3 figs 21, 26–27 (Male holotypefrom Port-au-Prince[ 18.5392o N 72.335o W], Nord- Est, Haiti, R.J. Crewleg., deposited in MCZ20947, examined. Female allotype, same data, deposited in MCZ43986, examined. Maleand three female paratypes, same data, deposited in N. Bankscollection, not found). Roewer1955: 332; Brady1964: 479. Oxyopes salticus; Banks 1903: 341; 1909: 166; Bryant 1940: 286.
Remarks. Both Banks (1903)and Bryant (1940)list Oxyopes salticusin Cuba, and the latter even states that this species is relatively common in Havanaand Soledad. Although I could not see any Cuban specimen collected before 1940, which could have been examined by them, I am confident these records can actually be attributed to O. crewi. I support this statement on the fact that, among the hundreds of specimens examined for this study; I did not find a single member of O. salticusfrom Cuba(see also Brady 1964: 479).
Diagnosis. Oxyopes crewiresembles O. salticusand O. incantatus sp. nov.(see O. salticusdiagnosis), but can be distinguished by the pedipalpal tibia with a long ventral keel delimiting the retrolateral tibial scoop, the cymbial protrusion narrower apically and the basal embolic apophysis large, partially covering the embolus ( Figs 6A, B, 7A–C). Females can be recognised by the epigynum with the median process comparatively flattened and the lateral processes large, partially covering the median process in ventral view ( Figs 6C, D, 7D, E). As far as I could see, this is the only of the three species treated here that has females with damaged epigyna. Even in these cases, they can be recognised by the remains of the lateral processes ( Fig. 6F).
Description. Male(La Caoba, San Luis, Cuba, IBSP 165039). Carapace faint brown, with a median and a pair of lateral bands of brown cuticular scales. Pars cephalicawith a lateral dark grey stripe and an anterolateral dark grey spot. Clypeus and chelicerae pale brown, with a pair of dark grey stripes from the anterior median eyes to the apex of the paturon. Endites faint brown, dark grey on the ectal margin. Labium dark brown. Sternum pale yellow, dark grey on the margins, near the base of coxae. Pedipalpal tibia orange, cymbium dark brown, remaining segments pale yellow. Legs yellow, femora I–III with a ventral, longitudinal dark grey stripe. Femur IV with basal and apical dark grey spots on venter. Opisthosoma dark grey, suffused with yellow spots and with a dark brown cardiac mark. Tegument moderately shiny, covered with smooth cuticular scales. Sidesand venter dark grey. Spinnerets faint brown. Total length 3.66. Carapace 1.88 long, 1.45 wide. Tibia I length 1.6, II 1.42, III 0.99, IV 1.22. Opisthosoma 1.78 long, 1.14 wide. Ventral tibial apophysis with a large, oblique anterior keel, forming a retrolateral keel inside the retrolateral tibial scoop. Dorsal limit of the retrolateral tibial scoop with a triangular projection, retrobasal tibial apophysis triangular ( Figs 6A, B, 7B). Tegulum with a wrinkled retrolateral sector ( Fig. 6A). Female(La Caoba, San Luis, Cuba, IBSP 165039). Colour as in male, except by the following. Ventral stripes on femora II and III interrupted in the middle, femur IV without ventral spots. Opisthosoma dorsally and laterally white, covered with sparse brown cuticular scales. Cardiac mark brown. Venter white, with a median dark grey band from the epigastric sulcus to the spinnerets. Total length 5.36. Carapace 2.16 long, 1.63 wide. Tibia I length 1.93, II 1.78, III 1.3, IV 1.32. Opisthosoma 3.2 long, 2.03 wide. Epigynum markedly sclerotised, ventrally bulging posteriorly to the median process ( Fig. 6C, D). Lateroposterior border with a marked ridge near the base of the lateral processes ( Fig. 7E). Copulatory ducts stout, with a sigmoid trajectory and mostly oriented dorso-ventrally ( Fig. 6E). Spermathecae rounded, with anterior glandular pores ( Fig. 7F) and one ectal Bennet’s gland pore. Fertilization ducts short, posteriorly directed ( Fig. 6E). Variation. Colour varies from pale yellow to faint brown among both males and females. Females may show broken epigynal processes ( Fig. 6F). Subadult females have a pre-epigynum similar to the described above for O. salticus. Measurements: males (N=14), total length 3.2–4.58, carapace width 1.35–1.73. Females (N=10), total length 4.17–5.69, carapace width 1.4–1.73. Natural history. There is no published information on this species’ natural history. A sample from Santiagode Cubawas labelled as collected by sweeping, indicating that specimens dwell on herbaceous or understory foliage. Two other samples, from Spanish Town ( Jamaica), were collected from nests of the hunting wasp Trypoxylon texense(Crabronidae), the same wasp that was reported provisioning nests with Oxyopes salticusin Florida( Kurczewski 1963). As mentioned for the other species, there is no information on sexual behaviour, but specimens with damaged epigyna ( Fig. 6F) suggest that males can break the anterior process during or after copulation. This kind of behaviour has been reported for other spider families ( Mouginot et al.2015; Nakata 2016, and references therein) and can represent an attempt of impeding the female to copulate with subsequent males. If that is the case, it is plausible to suppose that the anterior process has some importance guiding the positioning of the male copulatory apparatus before intromission.
Distribution. Known only from Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Saint Kitts & Nevis( Fig. 10A), from where I could not find a single specimen of O. salticus. A recent record of O. salticusfrom Jamaica( Crews et al.2015) can represent the only exception to this distribution pattern, but this still requires a confirmation, since I have not seen the voucher specimens of that study. Based on the material examined here, it seems that Oxyopes crewisomehow replaces O. salticuson those islands, which are geographically surrounded by distribution records of the latter species. This is interesting, in view of the obvious high dispersal and invasive capacity of O. salticus. Considering the close proximity between O. crewiand O. salticusdistribution records, it is possible that these species compete in nature and that, at least until now, O. crewipopulations have been able to impede O. salticusinvasion. This curious distribution pattern deserves a future investigation, based mainly on both species’ natural history and phylogeography.
Additional material examined. BAHAMAS. New Providence: Nassau( 25.0589o N, 77.3451o W), J.S. Bonhoteleg., 2/VII/1998, 1 ♂( BMNH). CUBA. Artemisa: Mariel, Guajaibán River( 22.9875o N 82.7536o W) P. Alayoleg., VIII/1967, 1 ♂ 1 ♀( MCZ); Sierra de Anafe( 22.9530o N 82.6443o W), M. Barro leg., 27/X/1946, 10 ♂ 23 ♀ 12 juv. (AMNH); 23/II/1947, 1 ♂ (AMNH); 1/I/1947, 1 ♂ (AMNH); 29/XII/1946, 2 ♀ (AMNH); 10/XI/ 1946, 16 ♂ 36 ♀ 12 juv.( AMNH); Cienfuegos: Soledad( 22.4833o N 80.45o W) C. & P. Vaurieleg., VII/1956, 1 ♀( AMNH); Holguín: La Melba, Moa( 20.6o N 74.8167o W), A. Sánchez leg., 24/VII/1997, 1 ♂ (IBSP 165044); 23/ VII/1997, 5 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 juv.( IBSP165047); La Habana: Havana( 23.1319o N 82.3642o W), A. Archerleg., 19/VI/1955, 1 ♀ 1 juv.( AMNH); Marianao( 23.0767o N 82.43o W), M. L. Jaumelleg., 30/VII/1950, 2 ♀( AMNH); Marianao, Laguito( 23.0767o N 82.43o W) P. Alayoleg., IX/1967, 4 ♂ 3 ♀( MCZ); Santiagode las Vegas( 22.97o N 82.3869o W), VII/1967, 4 ♂ 1 ♀( MCZ); San Antoniode los Baños, Laguna de Ariguanabo( 22.9092o N 82.4907o W), V/1967, 1 ♂ 1 ♀( MCZ); Pinar del Río: Guane( 22.2025o N 84.0875o W), G. Alayón Garcia leg., IX/ 1967, 26 ♂ 8 ♀ 2 juv. (MCZ); G. Alayón Garcia leg., 26 ♂ 1 ♀ 3 juv. (MCZ); 1♂ 1♀( UFMG19945); Santiagode Cuba: La Maya( 20.1685o N 75.6472o W, sweep net), P. Aiayoleg., VI/1967, 1 ♂( MCZ); Versalles( 19.9961o N 75.8383o W), P. Alayoleg., 1 ♂( MCZ); Santiagode Cuba, Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí( 19.9593o N 75.7715o W), A. Sánchezleg., 15/VII/1997, 2 ♂( IBSP165041); La Caoba, San Luis( 20.1875o N 75.8508o W), 25/ III/2005, 1 ♂ 1 ♀( IBSP165039); Santiagode Cuba, Sevilla, La Redonda( 20.0064o N 75.7344o W), J. L. Reyesleg., 1/XII/1996, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 2 juv.( IBSP165040); La Redonda, Carreteraa Siboney( 19.9667o N 75.75o W), A. Sánchezleg., 8/XII/1999, 1 ♀( IBSP165048); Siboney, Cuevalos Mafaes( 19.9602o N 75.7073o W), 26/III/1998, 1 ♀( IBSP165037); Guamá, La Mula( 19.9333o N 76.8o W), 18/VI/1997, 2 ♂( IBSP165036); Cuabitas( 20.0633o N 75.8075o W), 10/XII/1955, 2 ♀( AMNH); Camino de Aguadores, Sfrom La Torre( 19.9797o N 75.7894o W), 10/VII/ 1955, 1 ♂( AMNH). DOMICAN REPUBLIC. Monte Cristi: 4 kmW Villa Vasquez( 19.7397o N 71.4829o W), 1/X/ 1985, 1 ♀ (FSCA). JAMAICA: Clarendon: Kellits, Mason River(savanna, 18.15o N 77.2333o W), M. W. Sandersonleg., 16–17/IV/1959, 1 ♂ 2 ♀( AMNH); Kingston: Kingston(18o N 76.8o W), Darlingtonleg., 27–29/VIII/1934, 1 ♀( MCZ19864); Jack's Hill Road( 18.0375o N 76.7685o W), A. M. Chickeringleg., 6/XII/1957, 2 ♂ 1 ♀( MCZ); Palisades( 17.9387o N 76.8168o W), A.M. Chickering leg., 1/XI/1957, 3 ♀ 2 juv. (MCZ); Manchester: Christiana( 18.1736o N 77.4912o W), 12/XI/1957, 3 ♀ 3 juv.( MCZ); Mandeville (18.0417o N 77.5071o W), E.B. Bryant leg., III/ 1934, 1 ♀ (MCZ 19779); A.M. Chickering leg., 13/IV/1937, 1 ♀ 1 juv. (MCZ 19870); Portland: 1 miSE Manchioneal( 18.0397o N 76.2827o W), Blackwelder& Chapinleg., 30/I/1957, 1 ♂ 2 juv.( USNM); Saint Andrew: Constant Spring( 18.0508o N 76.7937o W), 1 ♀( USNM); Saint Ann: 8 miN Moneague( 18.3889o N 77.1202o W), A.M. Chickering leg., 7/XI/1957, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 juv. (MCZ); Phoenix Park (18.2972o N 77.1393o W), 25/VI/1954, 1 ♀ 3 juv. (MCZ); Claremont (18.3312o N 77.1736o W), 20/VI/1954, 1 ♀ (MCZ); 1 ♂ 1 ♀( MCZ); Moneague( 18.2756o N 77.1118o W), Darlingtonleg., 26/VIII/1934, 1 ♀( MCZ19807); Saint Catherine: Spanish Town(dry shrubs, collected from nests of Trypoxylon texense, 17.9911o N 76.9574o W), D.B. Jayasingh leg., 15/VIII/1974, 1 ♂ (MCZ 19778); 10/V/1974, 8 ♂ 9 ♀ 8 juv.( MCZ); Spanish Town, JamaicaSchool of Agriculture( 18.0067o N 76.9326o W), A. M. Chickeringleg., 23/XI/1957, 3 ♀ 1 juv.( MCZ); Old Harbour( 17.9414o N 77.109o W), A.M. Chickering leg., 9/X/1957, 2 ♂ 1 juv. (MCZ); Saint James: Great River( 18.4462o N 77.9891o W), 23/VI/1954, 2 ♂ 1 ♀( MCZ); St Andrew: Ferry( 18.0252o N 76.8733o W), A.M. Chickering leg., 28/X/1957, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ (MCZ); Liguanea (18.0176o N 76.7644o W), 4/XI/1957, 1 ♀ (MCZ); Munroe Road (18.0183o N 76.7662o W), 19/XI/1957, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 6 juv. (MCZ); MonaHeights ( 18.0129o N 76.7499o W), 22/XII/1963, 1 ♂ 1 juv.( MCZ); Trelawny: Fallmouth( 18.4936o N 77.6559o W), C. & P. Vaurieleg., 20/VII/1960, 1 ♂( AMNH). SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS. Saint Kitts: Half Way Tree Village( 17.3333o N 62.8167o W), 28/I/?, 1 ♂ 1 juv.( USNM).
1424565166
MCZ
Est & Haiti, R. J. & Crew & Female & Male & N. Banks & Roewer & Brady
18.5392
52
-72.335
14
471
3
holotype
1424565197
1998-07-02
BMNH
New Providence & Nassau & J. S. Bonhote
Bahamas
25.0589
BAHAMAS
7
-77.3451
17
474
1
1
1424565168
VIII / 1
MCZ
Mariel & P. Alayo
Cuba
22.9875
Guajaiban River
7
-82.7536
17
474
2
1
1
Artemisa
1424565158
[606,1105,1916,1944]
Sierra de Anafe
Cuba
22.953
Sierra de Anafe
7
-82.6443
17
474
1
Artemisa
1424565171
1946-11-10
AMNH
Cuba
22.4833
Soledad
513
-80.45
17
474
64
36
16
Cienfuegos
1424565163
1956-07
AMNH
Vaurie & La Melba
Cuba
18
475
20.6
Moa
5555
-74.8167
La Melba
17
474
1
1
Holguin
1424565174
1997-07-23
IBSP
Cuba
La Habana
18
475
IBSP 165047
7
1
5
La Habana
1424565175
[753,1150,190,218]
Cuba
23.1319
Havana
7
-82.3642
18
475
1
Havana
1424565170
1955-06-19
AMNH
Archer
Cuba
23.0767
Marianao
511
-82.43
18
475
2
1
Havana
1424565193
1950-07-30
AMNH
L. Jaumel
Cuba
23.0767
Laguito
511
-82.43
Marianao
18
475
2
2
Havana
1424565145
1967-09
MCZ
Alayo
Cuba
22.97
Vegas
555
-82.3869
18
475
7
3
4
Santiago
1424565157
1967-07
MCZ
Laguna de Ariguanabo
Cuba
San Antonio
22.9092
Laguna de Ariguanabo
7
-82.4907
Banos
18
475
5
1
4
Santiago
1424565167
[300,1157,345,373]
1967-05
MCZ
Cuba
22.2025
Guane
7
-84.0875
18
475
2
1
1
Pinar del Rio
1424565154
UFMG
La Maya
Cuba
20.1685
La Maya
7
-75.6472
18
475
UFMG 19945
2
1
1
Santiago de Cuba
1424565151
1967-06
MCZ
Aiayo
Cuba
19.9961
Versalles
7
-75.8383
18
475
1
1
Santiago de Cuba
1424565159
MCZ
Alayo
Cuba
19.9593
Reserva Ecologica Siboney-Jutici
7
-75.7715
18
475
1
1
Santiago de Cuba
1424565161
[335,1387,498,526]
1997-07-15
IBSP
Sanchez & La Caoba
Cuba
20.1875
La Caoba
7
-75.8508
18
475
IBSP 165041
2
2
San Luis
1424565187
2005-03-25
IBSP
La Redonda
Cuba
20.0064
La Redonda
7
-75.7344
Sevilla
18
475
IBSP 165039
2
1
1
Santiago de Cuba
1424565156
1996-12-01
IBSP
L. Reyes
Cuba
19.9667
Siboney
522
-75.75
Carretera
18
475
IBSP 165040
6
2
2
Redonda
1424565188
1999-12-08
IBSP
Sanchez
Cuba
Siboney
19.9602
Mafaes
7
-75.7073
Cueva
18
475
IBSP 165048
1
1
Redonda
1424565155
1998-03-26
IBSP
La Mula
Cuba
19.9333
La Mula
5222
-76.8
Guama
18
475
IBSP 165037
1
1
Redonda
1424565172
1997-06-18
IBSP
Cuba
20.0633
Cuabitas
7
-75.8075
18
475
IBSP 165036
2
2
Redonda
1424565199
[299,1342,692,720]
1955-12-10
AMNH
Camino de Aguadores, S & La Torre
Cuba
19.9797
La Torre
7
-75.7894
18
475
2
2
Redonda
1424565201
1955-07-10
AMNH
Cuba
19.7397
Villa Vasquez
7
-71.4829
18
475
1
1
Monte Cristi
1424565203
[373,1276,769,797]
Jamaica
18.15
Mason River
555
-77.2333
Kellits
18
475
1
Clarendon
1424565189
1959-04-16
1959-04-17
1959-04-16
AMNH
W. Sanderson
Jamaica
Kingston
18
475
3
2
1
Kingston
1424565209
[721,1180,808,836]
Darlington
Jamaica
Kingston
-76.8
18
475
1
Kingston
1424565192
1934-08-27
1934-08-29
1934-08-27
MCZ
Jamaica
18.0375
Jack's Hill Road
7
-76.7685
18
475
1
1
Kingston
1424565183
1957-12-06
MCZ
M. Chickering
Jamaica
17.9387
Palisades
7
-76.8168
18
475
3
1
2
Kingston
1424565196
1957-11-12
MCZ
Christiana
Jamaica
18.1736
Manchester
7
-77.4912
18
475
6
3
Manchester
1424565190
1957-01-30
USNM
Blackwelder & Chapin
Jamaica
18.0397
Manchioneal
7
-76.2827
18
475
3
1
Portland
1424565200
USNM
Constant Spring
Jamaica
18.0508
Saint Andrew
7
-76.7937
18
475
1
1
Saint Andrew
1424565198
Jamaica
18.3889
Moneague
7
-77.1202
18
475
1
Saint Ann
1424565191
MCZ
Darlington
Jamaica
18.2756
Moneague
7
-77.1118
18
475
2
1
1
Saint Ann
1424565208
1934-08-26
MCZ
Jamaica
17.9911
Spanish Town
7
-76.9574
18
475
1
1
Saint Catherine
1424565169
1974-05-10
MCZ
Jamaica
18.0067
Agriculture
7
-76.9326
Spanish Town
18
475
25
9
8
1424565182
[178,1211,1271,1299]
1957-11-23
MCZ
M. Chickering
Jamaica
17.9414
Old Harbour
52
-77.109
18
475
4
3
1424565194
[491,1402,1310,1338]
1954-06-23
MCZ
Jamaica
18.4462
Great River
7
-77.9891
18
475
3
1
2
Saint James
1424565176
Jamaica
18.0252
Ferry
7
-76.8733
18
475
1
St Andrew
1424565178
[151,1031,1426,1454]
1963-12-22
MCZ
Jamaica
18.0129
Mona
7
-76.7499
18
475
2
1
Mona
1424565184
1960-07-20
AMNH
Fallmouth & C. & P. Vaurie
Saint Kitts and Nevis
18.4936
Trelawny
7
-77.6559
18
475
1
1
Trelawny
1424565186
1928-01
USNM
Saint Kitts and Nevis
17.3333
Half Way Tree Village
7
-62.8167
18
475
2
1