Williamson, 1915 : 619 P. tenuis P. scintilla P. woytkowskii tenuis Garrison et al. (2003 : 20 Garrison et al. (2010 : 379 A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Ellenrieder, Natalia Von Garrison, Rosser W. Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-01 4361 1 1 76 4N6FV Williamson, 1915 Williamson 1915 [151,610,1556,1582] Insecta Protoneuridae Protoneura Animalia Odonata 15 16 Arthropoda species calverti     Protoneura calverti  Williamson, 1915: 619–623, pl. 44, figs 1, 11, 12, 23, 24 (in key, description of ♂ and ♀, illustrations of wings, thoracic pattern, ♂ S10);— Cowley & Gloyd (1938: 17–18, pl. 1, Figs. 6–11, pl. 5, Figs. 1–7; diagnosis from  P. tenuis, additional illustrations of type series);— Gloyd (1939: 7, 16, 17; diagnosis from  P. scintillaand  P. woytkowskii);— Cowley (1941: 157, 162, 164, 165, 168-170, 173; descriptive comments, key to species in  tenuis-group, map);— Calvert (1948: 61; Guyana, notes on color variability); Belle (2002: 2; Suriname);—  Garrison et al.(2003: 20; type information);— von Ellenrieder (2009a; IUCN assessment);—  Garrison et al.(2010: 379);—von Ellenrieder (2011: 59; Suriname);—von Ellenrieder (2017: 200, 205; Guyana);—von Ellenrieder et al.(2017: 7; Guyana).   Primary types. Holotype ♂. Guyana: Tumatumari,  9 ii 1912, L.A. & E.B. Williamson& B.J. Raineyleg. [ UMMZ].    Specimens examined. 33 ♂ 10 ♀: VENEZUELA, AmazonasState:  1 ♂, small tributary to Siapa River,  8 ii 1989, D.A. Polhemusleg. [ USNM]; BolivarState:  4 ♂ 2 ♀(two pairs in copula), Caño Curususuk,  63 kmS of Cuyuni River{ 6°15' N, 61°20' W,  163 m},  11–12 ii 1976, C.M. & O.S. Flint, Jr.leg. [ USNM].   GUYANA, Upper Demerara-Berbice Region:  1 ♂ 1 ♀(  paratypes), Potaro Landing{ 5°59' N, 58°33' W},  10 ii 1912[ UMMZ]; Potaro-Siparuni Region: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( paratypes), Tumatumari {5°17' N, 58°59' W}, 11 ii 1912, B.J. Rainey, L.A. & E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ];  1 ♂(  paratype) same data but [ FSCA]; 1 ♂, Amacua, Itabú (5°9'10'' N, 59°30'12'' W, 440 m), 28 iii 2014, N. von Ellenrieder & W. Washington leg. [CSBD]; 1 ♀, Camp 2 upriver, creek (5°6'31'' N, 59°38'38'' W, 661 m), 22 iii 2014, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [CSCA];  1 ♀, Konawaruk watershed, headwaters, shaded stream ( 5°4'51'' N, 59°15'59'' W,  130 m),  12 ix 2014, R. Mohabieleg. [ CSBD];  1 ♂, Camp2, bank of Potaro river( 5°3'59'' N, 59°39'24'' W,  560 m),  19–21 iii 2014, N. von Ellenriederleg. [ CSBD];  2 ♂ 1 ♀(one pair in tandem), same data but [ CSCA];  1 ♂ 1 ♀(in tandem), same data but [RWG];  1 ♂, Camp2 to Camp1, Potaro Riverfrom boat ( 5°3'15'' N, 59°39'49'' W,  573 m),  20 iii 2014, N. von Ellenriederleg. [ CSCA]; 1 ♂, Iwokrama {4°32'58'' N, 58°46'24'' W}, 23 i 2015, B. Willink & E. Svensson leg. [MZLU];  1 ♂, same data but [ CSCA]; EastBerbice- Corentyne Region:  1 ♂,  Berbicewatershed,   BerbiceWhite Sands Camp, sandy blackwater creek at camp with associated pools upstream ( 4°45'26'' N, 58°0'16''W,  28 m),  29 ix 2014, N. von Ellenrieder& J. Archerleg. [RWG].  SURINAME,  SipaliwiniDist.: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, forest creek, Sipaliwini River Camp (2°17'40'' N, 56°36'13'' W, 208 m), 28 viii–1 ix 2010, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [NZCS];  5 ♂ 1 ♀(one pair in tandem), same data but [ CSCA];  4 ♂ 1 ♀(one pair in tandem), same data but [RWG].  FRENCH GUIANA, Saint Laurent Du Maroni:  2 ♂, Mana river{ 5°40' N, 53°47' W},  v 1917[ FSCA];  1 ♂, Tamanois, Mana river,  v 1917, S.M. Klagesleg. [ FSCA].  BRAZIL, RoraimaState: 1 ♂, Surumu, NWof Deposito{ 4°14' N, 60°55' W},  ix 1966, M. Alvarengaleg. [RWG].  Characterization.Male: Epicranium black with copper to greenish metallic reflections, dorsum of thorax black with reddish orange spots, and dorsum of abdomen black, usually with narrow light blue basal spots on S3–7; pale colors reddish orange, and pale yellow to paleblue ( Fig. 5). Pronotum black with large reddish-orange spot on center of middle lobe. Mesepisternum black with reddish orange triangular spot on basal half narrowing distally, sometimes branched into a short stripe along humeral suture; mesepimeron black; metepisternum basal half pale yellow with ventral, posterior and dorsal corners black; metepimeron anterior half black and posterior half pale bluish yellow. Coxa, trochanter, and base of femur with yellow, remainder of leg black; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes, with a distal margin approximately straight to slightly concave, and with laterodistal corners projected ventrally ( Fig. 75). Cercus longer than S10 length, slightly shorter than paraproct, about twice as long as wide, with a depression on external dorsolateral surface, dorsal margin convex and ventral margin concave, and a small ventrobasal blunt tooth in lateral view ( Fig. 101a), with medial surface slightly concave, with a small blunt ventrobasal tooth, a partially membranous laminar medial lobe with tip located proximal to midlength of cercus, and tip curved medially forming a subapical ridge, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 101b, c). Paraproct longer than S10 length, at basal third narrowing to half its basal width and digitiform ( Fig. 101). TL 36.5–41; Hw 17–19. Female: As male but pale colors pale yellow; pronotum with margins yellow; with middorsal carina yellow, mesepisternum black with pale yellow upper portion of humeral stripe along basal 2/3 of suture; mesepimeron black with lower portion of humeral stripe along distal 1/3 of suture; pale area of S9 extended dorsally medially to about 1/3 of segment height ( Fig. 29). Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, directed posterodorsally, with sides straight and tip smoothly convex. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular with central convex area pale yellow, with posteroexternal margin tilted anterodorsally, forming a vertical surface perpendicular to mesepisternum ( Fig. 51). TL 30–35; Hw 18.5–20.   Diagnosis.  Protoneura calvertishares male cercus longer than wide and with a laminar lobe on medial surface with  P. klugi,  P. macintyrei,  P. scintilla,  P. tenuis, and  P. woytkowskii( Figs. 101; 107–108; 114; 116; 118). Among them, it shares male cerci and paraprocts longer than S10 length with  P. tenuisand  P. woytkowskii( Figs. 101a; 116a; 118a), and it can be distinguished from them by the location of the laminar lobe on medial surface proximal to midlength of cercus ( Figs. 101a, b), which in the other two species is distal to it ( Figs. 116 a, b; 118 a, b). It further differs from them by genital ligula morphology, with distal segment from flexure to tip longer than wide in ectal view ( Fig. 75a) and laterodistal process occupying only 1/4 or less of distal segment length in lateral view ( Fig. 75b); in  P. tenuisdistal segment from flexure to tip is usually wider than long in ectal view ( Figs. 90–91a) and laterodistal process occupies 1/3 or more of distal segment length in lateral view ( Figs. 90–92b), whereas in  P. woytkowskiithe tip of distal segment is projected distally into a long strap-like process, about as long as or longer than remainder of distal segment ( Figs. 94–96). Female of  P. calvertishares an approximately triangular mesostigmal plate with posteroexternal corner tilted anterodorsally, forming a vertical surface perpendicular to mesepisternum only with  P. scintilla( Figs. 51; 64). It can be distinguished from it by pronotum posterior lobe black with yellow lateral margins narrower than medial black, whereas in female of  P. scintillaposterior lobe is mostly yellow with only a narrow medial area black, narrower than each lateral yellow area.  Habitat and biology.The typeseries was found at a small sluggish stream flowing in a mud bed through woods, males fluttering almost motionless near water’s surface, and females ovipositing in submerged leaves, bringing the abdomen almost directly beneath the wing bases ( Williamson 1915).   Distribution. Venezuela, Guianas, and N Brazil( Fig. 124). Assessed as Least Concern by IUCN (von Ellenrieder 2009a). 1703062503 1912-02-09 UMMZ Williamson & B. J. Rainey Guyana Tumatumari 15 16 1 1 holotype 1703062535 [199,973,1985,2010] Venezuela Amazonas 15 16 43 10 33 Amazonas 1703062517 1989-02-08 USNM D. A. Polhemus Venezuela 16 17 Siapa River 15 16 1 1 Bolivar 1703062515 1976-02-11 1976-02-12 1976-02-11 USNM Cano Curususuk & C. M. & O. S. Flint & Jr. Venezuela 163 6.25 63 km S of Cuyuni River 1305 -61.333332 16 17 6 2 4 Bolivar 1703062545 GUYANA Guyana Upper Demerara-Berbice Region 16 17 1 Upper Demerara-Berbice Region 1703062519 1912-02-10 UMMZ Potaro Landing Guyana 5.9833336 Potaro-Siparuni Region 1305 -58.55 16 17 2 1 1 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062527 [514,951,295,320] 1912-02-10 FSCA Potaro Landing Guyana 5.9833336 Potaro-Siparuni Region 1305 -58.55 16 17 1 1 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062529 2014-09-12 CSBD R. Mohabie Guyana 130 5.0808334 Konawaruk watershed 21 -59.266388 16 17 1 1 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062560 2014-03-19 2014-03-21 2014-03-19 CSBD Camp & N. von Ellenrieder Guyana 560 5.066389 Potaro river 21 -59.65667 16 17 1 1 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062511 2014-03-19 2014-03-21 2014-03-19 CSCA Camp & N. von Ellenrieder Guyana 560 5.066389 Potaro river 21 -59.65667 16 17 3 1 2 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062502 [424,926,476,501] 2014-03-19 2014-03-21 2014-03-19 CSCA Camp & N. von Ellenrieder Guyana 560 5.066389 Potaro river 21 -59.65667 16 17 2 1 1 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062547 2014-03-20 CSCA Camp & N. von Ellenrieder Guyana 573 5.054167 Potaro River 21 -59.663612 16 17 1 1 Potaro-Siparuni Region paratype 1703062546 2014-03-20 CSCA Camp & N. von Ellenrieder Guyana 573 5.054167 East 21 -59.663612 16 17 1 1 Corentyne Region paratype 1703062523 [377,654,583,608] Guyana Berbice watershed 16 17 1 1 paratype 1703062520 2014-09-29 N. von Ellenrieder & J. Archer Guyana 28 4.757222 Berbice White Sands Camp 21 -58.004444 16 17 1 paratype 1703062505 [151,491,655,680] Suriname Sipaliwini Dist. 16 17 1 Sipaliwini paratype 1703062500 [687,1279,692,717] CSCA Suriname Sipaliwini Dist. 16 17 6 1 5 Sipaliwini paratype 1703062512 CSCA Saint Laurent Du Maroni French Guiana Sipaliwini Dist. 16 17 5 1 4 FRENCH GUIANA paratype 1703062525 1917-05 FSCA French Guiana 5.6666665 Mana river 1305 -53.783333 16 17 2 2 FRENCH GUIANA paratype 1703062536 [486,1208,764,789] 1917-05 FSCA Tamanois & S. M. Klages French Guiana Mana river 16 17 1 1 FRENCH GUIANA paratype 1703062508 1966-09 Surumu, NW & M. Alvarenga Brazil 4.233333 Deposito 1306 -60.916668 16 17 1 1 Roraima paratype