Westfall, 1964b : 111 P. capillaris Flint et al . (2006 : 73 Garrison et al. (2010 : 379 Protoneura capillaris nec Rambur, 1842 [ sic ] capillaris nec Rambur, 1842 A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Ellenrieder, Natalia Von Garrison, Rosser W. Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-01 4361 1 1 76 4N6GD Westfall, 1964 Westfall 1964 [151,555,871,898] Insecta Protoneuridae Protoneura Animalia Odonata 40 41 Arthropoda species viridis     Protoneura viridis  Westfall, 1964b: 111–119; Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11(description of ♂and ♀from Virgin Islands, illustrations thorax, ♀mesostigmal plates, and ♂S10, diagnosis from  P. capillaris);— Paulson (1982: 260; Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands);— Daigle (1996: 13; Dominican Republic);— Rehn (2003: 212; in phylogenetic analysis);—  Flint et al. (2006: 73; Dominican Republic);—Trapero-Quintana & Naranjo-López (2004: 180; in key for Cuba);—Trapero- Quintana et al.(2004: 17, Cuba, notes on biology);— Westfall & May (2006: 431, 433–435, 441, 442, Figs. 225C, 226D; in key to northern representatives of genus, characterization of adults, illustrations of ♂S10, ♀pronotum and mesostigmal plates);— Trapero-Quintana & Torres-Cambas (2008: 26; Cuba);—  Garrison et al.(2010: 379);— Meurgey (2013: 300, 306, 326; distribution).   Protoneura capillaris nec Rambur, 1842— Kolbe (1888: 165, 170; Puerto Rico); — Calvert (1909: 212; Jamaica);— Gowdey (1926: 2; Jamaica);— Klots (1932: 9, 80–82, pl. 1, fig. 13; Jamaicaand Puerto Rico, illustration of Fw);— Misidentifications.  Protonenia [ sic] capillaris nec Rambur, 1842— Carpenter (1896: 261; Jamaica)—Misidentification.   Primary types. Holotype ♂. Virgin Islands, St. John, L’Esperance,  20 vi 1961, T.W. Donnellyleg. [ FSCA # 656].    Specimens examined. 90 ♂ 29 ♀: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, PeraviaProv.:  1 ♂, Bani, 15 kmN on El Recondo Road, along small partially shaded gently flowing stream,  2–5 feetwide and  2 feetdeep with fish { 18°20' N, 70°27' W,   70 m},  29 vi 1999, F.C. Sibleyleg. [ FSCA]; La VegaProv.:  1 ♂ 1 ♀(in tandem), Maimón Riverand tributary,  5 kmNE of Piedra Blanca,  30 v 1991, S.W. Dunkleleg. [ FSCA];  4 ♂ 1 ♀(in tandem), small shaded stream and pasture with small wet areas, 19.5 kmNE of Jarabacoa( 19°17'27'' N, 70°36'6'' W,  200 m),  3 viii 1983, R.W. Garrisonleg. [RWG];  1 ♂, Jarabacoa{ 19°6' N, 70°36' W},  4 vi 1969, O.S. Flint, Jr. & J. Gomezleg. [ USNM]; DajabónProv.:  1 ♂ 1 ♀, Villa Anacaona( 19°15' N, 71°42' W),  3 vi 1986, R. Miller& L. Stangeleg. [ FSCA];  San CristobalProv.:  8 ♂ 2 ♀(in copula), Cumu River, 14 kmE of Puerto Plata{ 19°11'53'' N, 70°37'27'' W,  21 m},  18 v 1995, O.S. Flint, Jr.leg. [ USNM];  9 ♂ 5 ♀(3 pairs in copula), El Seibo, Quisibani River, E of El Seibo, road to  RincónChavón{ 18°45'15'' N, 68°55'43'' W,  100 m},  12 v 1995, O.S. Flint, Jr.leg. [ USNM];  12 ♂, El Seibo, 6 kmE of  El Seibo, near junction route 4 and road to El Cuey( 18°44'44'' N, 68°59'14'' W,  120 m),  12 v 1995, O.S. Flint, Jr.leg. [ USNM];  18 ♂, La Toma, N of  San Cristobal{ 18°30' N, 70°12' W},  9–10 vi 1969, O.S. Flint& J. Gomezleg. [ USNM];  1 ♂ 1 ♀, tributary of Haina River, just N of Villa Altagracia on Autopista Duarte, at Los Arbolitostree farm, rive and slough ponds { 18°40' N, 70°10' W, 156 m}, 29 v 1991, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Distrito Nacional:  2 ♂,  ArroyoBermejo, 4 kmN NE of Hatillo& Autopista Duarte( 18°36'2'' N, 70°6'16'' W,  90 m),  27 viii 1980, R.W. Garrisonleg. [RWG];  10 ♂ 3 ♀, same data but  14 iv 1981, J.A. Garrison& R.W. Garrisonleg. [RWG];  2 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ CSCA];  1 ♂, same data but [ UMMZ];  1 ♂, same data but  29 vi 1984[RWG];  3 ♂ 3 ♀(in tandem), same data but small clear rocky stream,  3 vi 1989, S.W. Dunkleleg. [ FSCA];  1 ♂, about 2 kmE Berrio( 18°35'49'' N, 70°9'10'' W,  70 m),  10 viii 2001, D.E. Perez-Gelabertleg. [ USNM];  1 ♂ 1 ♀(in tandem), Isabela River,  2.5 kmNNE of Hatillo/Autopista Duarte, rocky river with deep pools ( 18°35'45'' N, 70°6'9'' W,  70 m),  4 vi 1989, S.W. Dunkleleg. [RWG];  1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ FSCA];  1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but J.J. Daigleleg. [RWG]. VIRGIN ISLANDS, St. John:  1 ♂, L'Esperance{ 18°26' N, 64°34' W},  4–5 ix 1966, T.W. Donnellyleg. [RWG];  3 ♂ 3 ♀(  paratypes), same data but  18–20 vi 1961, T.W. Donnellyleg. [ FSCA]; St. Thomas:  1 ♂ 1 ♀(  paratypes,in copula), Turpentinerun at Donoe{ 18°20'12'' N, 64°53'51'' W,  75 m},  28 viii 1956, T.W. Donnellyleg. [ FSCA]. PUERTO RICO, Río Piedras Municipality:  1 ♂(  paratype), Río Piedras( 18°23'58'' N, 66°3'1'' W,  28 m),  19 xii 1940, J. Garcia-Diazleg. [ FSCA]; Río GrandeMunicipality:  1 ♀, Bosque Experimental Luquillo, Campamento Elisa Colbergby highway 186, Caribbean National Forest( 18°20'28'' N, 65°49'43'' W,  200 m),  8 vi 1982, R.W. Garrisonleg. [RWG];  1 ♂, small stream on Hwy186 near Hwy187 ( 18°22'21'' N, 65°49'48'' W,  11 m),  10 xii 2016, N. von Ellenriederleg. [ CSCA];  MayagüezMunicipality:  1 ♂, Arroyo de Oro, past zoological stations, just N of Mayagüez( 18°12'11'' N, 67°8'24'' W,  48 m),  31 viii 1980, R.W. Garrison& J.A. Garrisonleg. [RWG];  1 ♀(  paratype), Mayagüez, stream above ponds at Agricultural Experiment Station,  11 viii 1963, T.W. Donnellyleg. [ FSCA];  1 ♂ 1 ♀(  paratype), same data but [ USNM];  1 ♀, Mayagues,  9– 15 ix 1975, J.D. Chinealeg. [ FSCA];  1 ♂, same data but  25 xi 1975[ FSCA]. JAMAICA, Kingston Parish:  1 ♂, Kingston{ 18°0' N, 76°48' W,   53 m}, W. J. Foxleg. [ ANSP]; St. Thomas Parish: 1 ♂, about 3 miE of Bath{ 17°57' N, 76°30' W, 55 m}, 15 viii 1960, M.J. Westfall, Jr. & P. Drummond leg. [FSCA].  Characterization.Male: Epicranium, dorsum of thorax, and S1–3 metallic green with purple reflections, S4– 10 brown; S3–6 with small basal pale yellow spots and S7 with pale dorsal spot on basal half; pale colors pale yellow ( Fig. 21). Pronotum metallic green with lateral margins pale yellow. Mesepisternum metallic green; mesepimeron metallic green with two small distal pale yellow spots along mesepisternal-mesepimeral suture; metepisternum pale yellow margined dorsally and posteriorly by green; metepimeron pale yellow. Outer surface of leg pale yellow with tips of femur, tibia, and tarsi dark; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes and with a straight distal margin, with laterodistal corners of distal segment projected ventrally ( Fig. 93). Cercus longer than S10 length, about as long as paraproct, longer than wide in lateral view, with a longitudinal split along dorsal portion of external surface, delimiting a medial sclerotized branch which ends on a strong tooth directed medioventrally, preceded by a smaller subapical pointed tooth ( Fig. 117a); remainder of cercus foliaceous, medially concave, with a small triangular tooth at ventrobasal edge, and a long, curved thick pointed tooth at mediobasal edge directed medioposteriorly ( Figs. 117b, c). Paraproct longer than S10 length, at midlength narrowing to half its basal width and with tip widened and medially concave ( Fig. 117). TL 35–39.5; Hw 16–17. Female: As male but dark areas metallic green with copper reflections; no pale spot on S7; posterior lobe of pronotum yellow; mesepimeron mostly green with yellow limited to ventroposterior edge; metepisternum yellow margined dorsally and posteriorly by green; pale lateral area of S9 extended along posterior half of segment almost to dorsum midline. Middle lobe of pronotum with pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe directed anterodorsally, entire and smoothly convex ( Figs. 67a, c). Mesostigmal plate upright with anterior surface concave, posterior surface slightly convex, and dorsal margin narrowly carinated laterally, almost touching opposite plate anteromedially; paired adjacent mesepisternal cylindrical tubercles almost as high as mesostigmal plates located between their posteromedial corners ( Figs. 67b, d). TL 33.5–37; Hw 18–20.   Diagnosis.Male cercus morphology, with a medial sclerotized branch which ends on a tooth directed medioventrally and remainder of cercus foliaceous, medially concave, with a small triangular tooth on outer ventrobasal edge, and a long, curved thick pointed tooth at medial ventrobasal edge directed medially ( Fig. 117), is shared with  P. caligata,  P. capillaris,  P. dunkleiand  P. sanguinipes( Figs. 100; 102; 106; 113). Within this group,  P. viridisresembles  P. caligataand  P. capillarisby the medial sclerotized branch of male cercus ending on a tooth directed medioventrally located at cercus tip ( Figs. 100; 102; 117) and by distal margin of genital ligula straight with laterodistal corners projected ventrally ( Figs. 74; 76; 93); in  P. dunkleiand  P. sanguinipesthe medial branch ends on a broad triangular tip located at about midlength of cercus ( Figs. 106; 113), and distal margin of genital ligula is convex triangular with laterodistal corners not projected ventrally ( Figs. 80; 87).  Protoneura viridisdiffers from males of all four species by pale yellow outer surface of legs with only tips of femora, tibiae, and tarsi dark ( Fig. 21); legs have pale colors blue or orange-red in the other species ( Figs. 4; 6; 10; 17), and by subapical tooth on cercus medial margin preceding long distal tooth ( Fig. 117bvs. Figs. 100b; 102b; 106b; 113b). Female mesostigmal plates and adjacent cylindrical mesepisternal tubercles between their posteromedial corners resemble those of  P. ailsa,  P. romanae, and  P. capillaris, but differ by the slightly convex posterior surface of the plates in lateral view ( Fig. 67b), which is concave in the first two species, and the anterior surface slightly concave, which is markedly convex in  P. capillaris( Fig. 52a).  Habitat and biology.Adults were found on shaded areas near some trees at a small sluggish ditch flowing through open fields in Jamaica, and mating and laying eggs in a series of seepage pools with tufa sides and gravel and mud bed with abundant fallen leaves, under which larvae were also found, in the Virgin Islands( Westfall 1964b). In Cuba(Trapero-Quintana et al.2004), adults were observed perching in the shade on branches of shoreline bushes overhanging rivers and flying close to water’s surface in backwater areas, between 11:00 and 12:00.   Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Ricoand Virgin Islands( Fig. 119). 1703062382 [151,1428,1382,1407] 1961-06-20 FSCA T. W. Donnelly Virgin Islands St. John L'Esperance 40 41 FSCA # 656 1 1 holotype 1703062372 [199,1105,1418,1443] Dominican Republic Peravia 40 41 119 29 90 Peravia 1703062398 Dominican Republic 1 18.333334 El Recondo Road 1275 -70.45 Bani 40 41 1 1 Peravia 1703062407 [303,970,1490,1515] 1999-06-29 FSCA F. C. Sibley Dominican Republic 70 La Vega 40 41 1 La Vega 1703062402 1991-05-30 FSCA S. W. Dunkle Dominican Republic Maimon River 40 41 2 1 1 La Vega 1703062403 1983-08-03 R. W. Garrison Dominican Republic 200 19.290833 Jarabacoa 21 -70.60166 40 41 5 1 4 La Vega 1703062400 1969-06-04 USNM O. S. Flint & Jr. & J. Gomez Dominican Republic 19.1 Jarabacoa 1273 -70.6 40 41 1 1 Dajabon 1703062409 1986-06-03 FSCA R. Miller & L. Stange Saint Kitts and Nevis 19.25 Villa Anacaona 1272 -71.7 40 41 2 1 1 San Cristobal 1703062395 1995-05-18 USNM O. S. Flint & Jr. Saint Kitts and Nevis 21 19.198055 Cumu River 21 -70.62417 40 41 10 2 8 Puerto Plata 1703062388 1995-05-12 USNM O. S. Flint & Jr. Saint Kitts and Nevis 100 18.754168 Rincon Chavon 21 -68.92861 Quisibani River 40 41 14 5 9 El Seibo 1703062419 1995-05-12 USNM O. S. Flint & Jr. Saint Kitts and Nevis 120 18.745556 El Cuey 21 -68.98722 El Seibo 40 41 12 12 El Seibo 1703062390 1969-06-09 1969-06-10 1969-06-09 USNM O. S. Flint & J. Gomez Saint Kitts and Nevis 18.5 La Toma 1275 -70.2 40 41 18 18 San Cristobal 1703062401 Saint Kitts and Nevis 18.666666 Los Arbolitos 1274 -70.166664 Haina River 40 41 2 1 1 Duarte 1703062408 1980-08-27 R. W. Garrison Saint Kitts and Nevis 90 18.600555 Autopista Duarte 21 -70.10445 Arroyo Bermejo 40 41 2 2 Arroyo 1703062412 1981-04-14 J. A. Garrison & R. W. Garrison Saint Kitts and Nevis 90 18.600555 Autopista Duarte 21 -70.10445 Arroyo Bermejo 40 41 13 3 10 Arroyo 1703062394 [400,757,1994,2019] 1981-04-14 CSCA J. A. Garrison & R. W. Garrison Saint Kitts and Nevis 90 18.600555 Autopista Duarte 21 -70.10445 Arroyo Bermejo 40 41 3 1 2 Arroyo 1703062399 [768,1092,1994,2019] 1981-04-14 UMMZ J. A. Garrison & R. W. Garrison Saint Kitts and Nevis 90 18.600555 Autopista Duarte 21 -70.10445 Arroyo Bermejo 40 41 1 1 Arroyo 1703062421 1984-06-29 UMMZ J. A. Garrison & R. W. Garrison Saint Kitts and Nevis 90 41 42 18.600555 Autopista Duarte 21 -70.10445 Arroyo Bermejo 40 41 1 1 Arroyo 1703062411 [249,1374,151,176] 1989-06-03 FSCA S. W. Dunkle Saint Kitts and Nevis 90 18.600555 Autopista Duarte 21 -70.10445 Arroyo Bermejo 41 42 6 3 3 Arroyo 1703062387 2001-08-10 USNM D. E. Perez-Gelabert Saint Kitts and Nevis 70 18.596945 Berrio 21 -70.15278 41 42 1 1 Arroyo 1703062397 1989-06-04 S. W. Dunkle Saint Kitts and Nevis 70 18.595835 Isabela River 21 -70.1025 41 42 2 1 1 Hatillo 1703062383 [770,1126,260,285] 1989-06-04 FSCA S. W. Dunkle Saint Kitts and Nevis 70 18.595835 Isabela River 21 -70.1025 41 42 2 1 1 Hatillo 1703062393 1989-06-04 FSCA J. J. Daigle Virgin Islands 70 18.595835 St. John 21 -70.1025 41 42 2 1 1 Hatillo 1703062396 1966-09-04 1966-09-05 1966-09-04 T. W. Donnelly Virgin Islands 18.433332 L'Esperance 1275 -64.566666 41 42 1 1 Hatillo 1703062389 1961-06-18 1961-06-20 1961-06-18 FSCA T. W. Donnelly Virgin Islands 18.433332 St. Thomas 1275 -64.566666 41 42 6 3 3 Hatillo paratype 1703062410 1956-08-28 FSCA T. W. Donnelly Puerto Rico Turpentine 75 18.336668 Rio Piedras Municipality 21 -64.8975 Donoe 41 42 2 1 1 paratype 1703062392 1940-12-19 FSCA J. Garcia-Diaz Puerto Rico 28 18.399445 Rio Piedras 21 -66.05028 41 42 1 1 Rio Grande paratype 1703062417 1982-06-08 R. W. Garrison Puerto Rico 200 18.341112 Caribbean National Forest 21 -65.82861 Campamento Elisa Colberg 41 42 1 1 Luquillo paratype 1703062443 2016-12-10 CSCA N. von Ellenrieder & Mayaguez Municipality Puerto Rico 11 18.3725 Hwy 21 -65.83 Hwy 41 42 1 1 Mayaguez paratype 1703062429 1980-08-31 R. W. Garrison & J. A. Garrison Puerto Rico 48 18.203056 Arroyo de Oro 21 -67.14 41 42 1 1 Mayaguez paratype 1703062428 1963-08-11 FSCA T. W. Donnelly Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station 41 42 1 1 Mayaguez paratype 1703062420 [713,1213,655,680] 1963-08-11 USNM T. W. Donnelly Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station 41 42 2 1 1 Mayaguez paratype 1703062435 1975-09-09 1975-09-15 1975-09-09 FSCA J. D. Chinea Puerto Rico Mayagues 41 42 1 1 Mayaguez paratype 1703062425 [586,1373,692,717] 1975-11-25 1975-09-15 1975-09-09 FSCA J. D. Chinea Jamaica Mayagues 41 42 1 1 Kingston Parish paratype 1703062404 Jamaica 18.0 Kingston 1277 -76.8 41 42 1 1 Kingston paratype 1703062439 ANSP W. J. Fox Jamaica 53 17.95 Bath 1277 -76.5 41 42 1 1 St. Thomas Parish paratype