Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae) Rodriguez, Erick J. Steck, Gary J. Moore, Matthew R. Norrbom, Allen L. Diaz, Jessica Somma, Louis A. Ruiz-Arce, Raul Sutton, Bruce D. Nolazco, Norma Muller, Alies Branham, Marc A. ZooKeys 2022 2022-11-03 1127 155 215 CF13AB06-BFBA-5FDA-A6FE-45C341C271FC Norrbom & Korytkowski, 2012 Norrbom & Korytkowski 2012 Insecta Tephritidae Anastrepha CoL Animalia Anastrepha haplacantha Diptera 0 155 Arthropoda species haplacantha   Figs 41-44 , 45-50 , 51-52  Material examined.   Ecuador• 4 larvae; Orellana, Estacion Cientifica Yasuni, trail 5; 0.6692°S, 76.4018°W;  235 ma.s.l.; 9 Mar. 2018; E. J. Rodriguezleg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea malacocalyx; FSCA (AP20200622.01-AP20200622.04).  Diagnosis.   Anastrepha haplacanthacan be distinguished from other species of  Anastrepha, except  A. korytkowskiiand  Anastrephasp. Sur-16, by the dentate posterior margin of its oral ridges.  Anastrepha haplacanthadiffers from the latter two species in having more oral ridges, lacking comb-like processes, and by other morphological characters, such as number of trunks and tips of the posterior spiracular processes and basal width of the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2- 4).  Description.   Habitus.Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 7.58-8.31 mm and width 1.04-1.42 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.  Pseudocephalon(Figs 41-44). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at an oblique angle to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing 2-4 peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe lateral to mouthhook, 3-5 short elongate single or bifid secondary lobes adjacent to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 19 or 20 rows, posterior margins dentate with long moderately spaced projections; numerous accessory plates lateral to oral ridges, some elongate and interleaved with oral ridges, covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium triangular, anterior surface with reclinate spines, ventrally with visible sensilla on small tubercles.  Cephaloskeleton(Figs 45, 46). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.3 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, reddish orange; length a 0.31-0.32 mm; length b 0.21-0.22 mm; height c 0.22-0.24 mm; ratio a:b 1.45-1.46; ratio a:c 1.33-1.42. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface apparently smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.20-0.23 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, weakly sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.25-0.26 mm high. Dorsal cornu weakly sclerotized, 0.49 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite absent. Cornu notch (N) 0.35 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.7. Ventral cornu weakly sclerotized. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and 7-9 ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.85 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.7 xas long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.   Thoracic and abdominal segments.Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinules pattern in rows as follows: T1 with 5-7 rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with three or four rows; T3 with one row; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with seven rows; T2 with four rows; T3 with two rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with two or three rows; A2 with six rows; A3 with eight rows; A4 with eight or nine; A5 with eight or nine rows; A6 with seven or eight rows; A7 with eight rows; A8 with eight rows. Additional three rows of irregular spinules anterior and posterior to anal lobes, lateral rows apparently absent, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes.  Prothoracic spiracle(Figs 47, 48). Bilobed, bearing 20-24 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.32-0.35 mm; basal width 0.12-0.13 mm at junction with trachea.  Caudal segment(Figs 49, 50). Dorsal (D1 and D2), intermediate (I1 and I2), lateral (L1), and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 and associated sensilla weakly developed; I1 dorsal to I2. L1, V1 and V2 tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant.   Figures 41-44.Scanning electron photomicrographs of third instar of  Anastrepha haplacantha 41pseudocephalon 42oral ridges 43antenna and maxillary palp 44preoral organ and ventral surface of mouthhook. Scale bars: 30 μm( 43, 44); 80 μm( 42); 200 μm( 41).  Posterior spiracle(Figs 49, 51, 52). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 69-80 µmlong; 27-33 µmwide; ratio length/width 2.2-2.8. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 158-180 µmin diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9-12 trunks and 13-27 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.4- 2.3; basal width 12-18 µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.16-0.23. SP-II comprising 6-9 trunks and 8-19 tips. SP-III comprising 6-11 trunks and 12-24 tips. SP-IV comprising 9-12 trunks and 16-23 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.8-1.9; basal width 14-15 µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.19-0.21.   Figures 45-50.Optical photomicrographs and scanning electron photomicrographs of third instar of  Anastrepha haplacantha 45cephaloskeleton, lateral view 46cephaloskeleton, dorsal view 47prothoracic spiracle, lateral view 48prothoracic spiracle, dorsolateral view 49caudal segment 50anal lobe. Scale bars: 100 μm( 47); 150 μm( 48); 200 μm( 45, 46, 50); 500 μm( 49).   Figures 51-52.Scanning electron photomicrograph and optical photomicrograph of posterior spiracles of third instar of  Anastrepha haplacantha. Scale bars: 50 μm( 52); 150 μm( 51).  Distribution.   Anastrepha haplacanthais known only from Ecuador (Orellana) ( Norrbom and Korytkowski 2012).  Biology. We reared this species from fruit of  Quararibea malacocalyx, the first host plant record for  A. haplacantha. The larvae feed only on the endocarp (developing seed) of the fruit.  Molecular identification. COI barcodes were generated from three larvae and four adults and submitted to GenBank (MT654690, MT763901-MT763904, MT763941, MT763944). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances among  A. haplacantharanged from 0.0-2.7%. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding only one good match:  A. haplacantha(97% sequence identity; KY428381). Additionally, all three larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. haplacanthawith three votes ( Moore et al. in press). 2018-03-09 E. J. Rodriguez Ecuador 235 -0.6692 Estacion Cientifica Yasuni 7 -76.4018 4 4 Orellana