Perca fourcroi La Cepede 1802
Corvina furcroea
Perca fourcroi
Corvina biloba Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830
Pachypops biloba
Pachyurus furcraeus
Corvina furcraea
Pachypops furcraeus
Pachyurus furcraeus
Perca furcraea
Pachypops furcraeus
Pachyurus natteri
Pachyurus nattereri
Pachyurus nattereri Steindachner 1863
Pachyurus schomburgkii
Pachypops furcraeus
Pachyurus furcraeus
Pachypops biloba
Pachyurus furcraeus
Corvina furcraea
Pachypops furcraeus
Pachypops fourcroi
P. cevegei
Pachypops furchraeus
Taxonomy of the South American genus Pachypops Gill 1861 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Sciaenidae), with the description of a new species.
Lilian Casatti
Zootaxa
2002
26
1
20
4BTVN
Sciaenidae
Pachypops
CoL
Animalia
Perciformes
4
Chordata
species
fourcroi
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A050DA8B-F76A-4765-B21D-2419DB252275
Percidae
Perca
CoL
Animalia
Perca fourcroi Lacépède 1802:398, 424
Perciformes
5
Chordata
species
fourcroi
(Fig. 3)
Perca fourcroi La Cepede1802: 398, 424 (type locality: not stated, but probably Suriname, since according to La Cepede, the material was donated by the Netherlands to France). Corvina furcroea: Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830: 111 (based on the holotype of Perca fourcroi). Corvina biloba Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830: 112 (type locality unknown), Steindachner 1864: 206 (redescription as Pachypops biloba), Steindachner 1879: 12 (synonym of Pachyurus furcraeus). Corvina furcraea: Steindachner 1863: 165 (junior synonym of Pachypops furcraeus), Steindachner 1879: 12 (synonym of Pachyurus furcraeus). Perca furcraea: Steindachner 1863: 163 (as Pachypops furcraeus). Pachyurus natteri: Steindachner 1863: 171, pl. 3 (misspelling of Pachyurus nattereri). Pachyurus nattereri Steindachner 1863: 174, pl. 3 (type locality: Rio Branco and Rio Negro), Steindachner 1879: 11 (as junior synonym of Pachyurus schomburgkii), Eigenmann 1894: 630 (in listing of South American fishes, as synonym), Jordan and Eigenmann 1889: 412 (review of American Sciaenidae), Campos 1942: 17 (review of Brazilian sciaenid). Pachypops furcraeus: Steindachner 1863: 165 (redescription based on specimen from Rio Negro, Brazil), Steindachner 1879: 12 (as junior synonym of Pachyurus furcraeus), Jordan and Eigenmann 1889: 413 (in review of American Sciaenidae, valid), Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1891: 67 (listed), Jordan and Evermann 1896: 399 (listed, Guyana), Eigenmann 1910: 468 (listed), Fowler 1914: 277 (listed, Rupununi River), Campos 1942: 18 (in review of Brazilian sciaenid), Boeseman 1948: 367 (listed, Suriname), Travassos and Rego-Barros 1971: 60 (listed, Brazil), Chao 1978: 42 (listed, West Atlantic Sciaenidae), Taphorn et al. 1997: 99 (listed, Venezuela). Pachypops biloba: Steindachner 1864: 206 (redescription based on two specimens from Suriname). Pachyurus furcraeus: Steindachner 1879: 12 (as senior synonym of Corvina furcraeaand Pachypops furcraeus). Pachypops fourcroi: Fowler 1954: 253 (freshwater fishes of Brazil), Lowe-McConnell 1966: 24 (listed, Guyana), Aguilera 1987: 91 (soft anatomy), Cervigon1982: 238 (comparison with P. cevegei). Pachypops furchraeus: Ferreira et al. 1998: 146 (key, commercial fishes of Santarem, Brazil).
Non-type (193 specimens). - Venezuela: Bolivar: RioOrinoco, close to mouth of RioCaura, 7º38’N 64º52’W, ANSP 160329(2, 82.8-90.2); RioCano, in the confluence of RioCaura with RioOrinoco, 7º37’N 64º50’W, ANSP163025 (2, 88.5-102.8); RioOrinoco, CAS156590 (SU 56590) (1, 59.9); RioOrinoco, Delta Amacuro, 8º41’N 62º03’W, USNM233770 (1, 36.7); Lago Tineo Anzoategui, 8º11’N 6º28’W, ANSP166482 (1, 163.4); RioOrinoco, close to mouth of canoYagual, 3º33’N 66º47’W, ANSP162850 (1, 83.5); RioOrinoco, 3º10’N 65º33’W, ANSP162855 (2[3], 45.5-53.4); RioOrinoco, Santa Barbara, CAS14873 (SU 48673) (2, 39.8-44.1). - Amazonas: RioNegro, CAS148668 (4[6], 40.4-61.2); RioNegro, mouth of RioCasiquiare, CAS148671 (2[9], 43.3-43.9); RioVentuari, 4º4’N 66º56’W, ANSP162848 (2[13], 44.5-65.0); RioCasiquiare, 3º50’N 65º55’W, ANSP162853 (2[7], 14.8-39.4); RioOrinoco, 3º50’N 67º20’W, ANSP162854 (2[5], 43.7-50.9); RioOrinoco, 3º4’N 66º28’W, ANSP162849 (2[4], 30.7-46.3); RioCunucunuma, 3º23’N 65º59’W, ANSP162847 (1, 165.8); RioOrinoco, 2º59’N 66º4’W, ANSP162852 (1, 47.9); RioOrinoco, Playa de Tamatama, CAS56829 (SU 56829) (1, 149.0); RioOrinoco, Playa de Tamatama, CAS148672 (SU 48672) (1, 81.0); RioCasiquiare, 2º48’N 65º57’W, ANSP162851 (1, 150.1); RioPamoni, 2º49’N 65º55’W, ANSP162846 (2[3], 163.9-166.2). - Guyana: Mora Passage, FMNH53953 (1, 155,7); Essequibo River, CAS78552 (4[28], 27.7-81.1), AMNH215000 (1, 42.9), FMNH53956 (1, 46.3); Essequibo River, Wismar, FMNH53954 (1, 52.4), Essequibo River, Kartabo, AMNH220370 (2[30], 34.6-153.4), AMNH220366 (1, 61.3); Demerara River, CAS78551 (IU 12570) (1, 108.2), AMNH214915 (1, 39.8), AMNH214916 (2[12], 34.6-56.6); Essequibo River, Bartica, FMNH53955 (2[26], 29.5-92.0), FMNH7359 (2[5], 25.4-58.8), CAS121969 (SU 21969) (2[5], 28.0-49.4), AMNH215091 (1, 41.0), USNM66280 (2[5], 29.1- 48.0); Essequibo River, Crab Falls, CAS56204 (IU 12572) (2, 38.7-51.2). - Suriname: Nickerie District: Corantijn River, 5º50’N 57º07’W, USNM226102 (2[17], 13.1-24.0), USNM226097 (2[3], 29.5-38.8), USNM226101(2[8], 14.2-26.0); Corantijn River, 5ºN 57º17’W, USNM226103 (2[4], 125.4-141.8); Corantijn River, 5º31’N 57º12’W, USNM226098 (2[11], 66.4-95.2); Corantijn River 5º30’N 57º13’W, USNM226099 (2[4], 79.0- 97.1); Mattapi Creek, 5º01’N 57º17’W, USNM226100 (2, 89.6-186.0). - French Guyana: Approuague River, INPA3190 (2, 110.9-122.8). - Colombia: RioNegro, Cucui, CAS32059 (1, 43.8). - Brazil: Amapa: Rio Araguari (2, 100.0-117.8); Rio Araguari, Ferreira Gomes, MZUSP62895 (1, 138.7); Rio Araguari, Ferreira Gomes, MZUSP34099 (2, 95.2- 130.6). - Amazonas: Rio Uaupes, Cachoeira do Ipanore, INPA4980 (1, 187.0); Rio Marauia, upriver from Barcelos, MPEG809 (1, 103.4); Rio Negro, Mandiquie, MPEG806 (1, 178.4); Rio Negro, SaoGabriel da Cachoeira, MZUSP34103 (2[3], 35.6-49.6); Rio Negro, Curuzu, MPEG813 (2, 86.5-105.3); Rio Negro, MCZ1007 (2, 100.8-109.4); Rio Negro, Anavilhanas, MZUSP34095 (1, 79.9); Rio Japura, Aruana, MPEG1662 (1, 135.5); Rio Tefe, Vista Escura, MPEG816 (1, 157.0); Rio Uatuma, Igarapedo Arraya, INPA14660 (2[3], 196.0-206.0); Rio Uatuma, INPA11995 (1, 162.0), INPA11984 (3, 146.0-205.3), INPA11996 (1, 163.0), INPA2727 (1, 163.0), INPA2726 (1, 180.0); Rio Uatuma, Igarapedo Abonari, INPA10473 (1, 182.0); Rio Uatuma, Balbina, INPA5407 (2[5], 129.0-153.0), INPA10461 (2[3], 130.5-144.2); Rio Uatuma, Igarapedo Boto, MNHN1996-1160 (1, 155.2); Rio Madeira, Nova Olinda, MZUSP7027 (1, 72.5). - Para: Rio Jari, upriver from Cachoeira de Santo Antonio, INPA10437 (2, 65.1-76.5); Rio Amazonas, USNM52581 (2[3], 100.0-151.9); Rio Amazonas, Lago Grande de Monte Alegre, INPA10180 (2, 107.3-113.2); Rio Amazonas, mouth of Rio Tapajos, INPA8620 (1, 74.8); Rio Tapajos, Santarem, CAS32054 (1, 152.6); Rio Tapajos, Alter do Chao, MZUSP63603 (3[28], 60.6-89.0, 1 C & S), MZUSP34101 (3[6], 24.3-32.9), MZUSP9532 (3, 138.6-141.5), INPA7138 (1, 123.9); Rio Tapajos, between Itaituba and SaoLuis (3[21], 134.6-153.3); Rio Tapajos, Praia do Aeroporto, INPA8546 (2, 63.1-86.8); Rio Tapajos, Maloquinha, MZUSP14365 (1, 145.4); Rio Trombetas, upriver from Cachoeira Porteira, INPA3267 (1, 149.0), INPA5733 (3[10], 55.5-93.5); Rio Trombetas, MCZ8633 (2[8], 50.5-81.9), MZUSP50757 (1, 151.9), MZUSP34097 (4[5], 69.8-156.6); Rio Trombetas, Cumina, INPA810, (1, 97.6), MZUSP34096 (3[7], 95.8-107.6 [1 C & S]); Rio Trombetas, Oriximina, MZUSP14367 (2, 42.7-65.5), CAS78545 (1, 94.9); Rio Icoaracy, Furo do Maguari, INPA615 (2[15], 67.8-151.1); Vila de Icoaracy, Belem, INPA611 (2[17], 75.2- 132.2); Rio Tocantins, INPA10419 (2, 114.1-144.3), INPA10471 (2[5], 85.0-98.7); Rio Tocantins, Mercado de Cameta, INPA12990 (2[6], 46.0-84.9); Rio Tocantins, downriver from Tucurui, INPA10448 (2, 68.9-110.8); Rio Tocantins, Tucurui, MPEG2327 (3, 101.2-113.9), MZUSP51087 (2[4], 31.4-47.6); Rio Tocantins, Itupiranga, INPA684 (2, 86.3-89.1); Rio Tocantins, Acaripucu, INPA11999 (2[5], 86.1-139.8), INPA10468 (1, 80.2), INPA1332 (1, 132.4), INPA11997 (1, 110.8); Rio Tocantins, Icangui, INPA10464 (1, 109.8), INPA10467 (1, 102.2), INPA10466 (1, 87.2); Rio Tocantins, Icangui-Acari-pucu, INPA11998 (3, 122.4-130.1). - Rondonia: Rio Machado, Jamarizinho, MZUSP34102 (2, 38.7-49.8); Rio Jamari, INPA10472 (2, 185.0-187.0); Rio Jamari, 15 km upriver from Usina Hidreletricade Samuel, INPA12116 (1, 174.0); Rio Novo, upriver from Usina Hidreletricade Samuel, INPA7761 (1, 180.0). - Mato Grosso: Rio Aripuana, Lago Castanhal, 1976, INPA598 (1, 180.2); Peru: Loreto: RioAmazonas ( Maranon), Iquitos, CAS148674 (1, 111.1); RioNanay, 3º45’N 73º17’W, ANSP167218 (2, 98.8-123.8), ANSP139089 (2[3], 65.1-96.4).
Diagnosis. A species of Pachypopsdistinguished by the following combination of characters: uniform light tan body without spots (versus brown spots present in P. pigmaeus n. sp.); body depth less than 4.1 in SL (versus 4.3 or more in P. pigmaeus n. sp.); horizontal diameter of eye 2.4-3.1 in HL (versus 3.0-3.6 in P. trifilis); and absence of longitudinal stripes on trunk (versus stripes present in P. trifilis).
Description. Morphometrics and meristics presented in Table 1. Body elongate, dorsal profile moderately arched, ventral profile nearly straight from prepelvic region to anal fin origin. Maximum body depth at origin of dorsal fin. Head pointed; mouth inferior and small. Maxillar not extending beyond vertical line through anterior edge of eye. Underside of lower jaw with three pairs of mental pores and three mental barbels. Teeth uniformly small, villiform, set in bands on both jaws. Snout pointed, longer than horizontal diameter of eye, with 9-10 small pores. Nostrils closely set, anterior circular and posterior crescent-shaped. Eye elliptical, its horizontal diameter longer than vertical height. Laterosensory canal segments in infraorbitals, preopercle, and lower jaw visible externally. Preoperclar margin slightly serrate. Gill rakers short and slender; 17-25 (usually 24) rakers in first gill arch. Scales usually ctenoid (cycloid on lachrymal, snout and preopercle). Anterior half of lateral line curved, posterior half extending straight to posterior margin of caudal fin; 45- 54 (usually 50) pored lateral-line scales from supracleithrum to hypural joint; 6-9 (usually 7) scale rows above lateral line; 7-10 (usually 8) scale rows below lateral line. Bases of second dorsal, pelvic, pectoral, and anal fins with 3 or 4 rows of small scales. Caudal fin almost completely covered with scales. Dorsal fins: X + I-23-32 (usually 26), first spine small (less than 1/5 of the second one); notch present between first and second dorsal fins. Pectoral-fin: I + 15-18 (usually 16), falcate, its posterior tip reaches nearly to vertical through posterior tip of pelvic fin. Pelvic-fin: I + 5, first soft ray prolonged as filament, sometimes reaching anus. Anal-fin: II + 6-7 (usually 6), first spine reduced, approximately equal in length to first dorsal spine; second spine stiff and long, shorter than longest soft ray. Caudal-fin rhomboidal with 17 principal rays (9+8). Swimbladder carrot-shaped with pair of short appendages anteriorly, from which a shorter paired appendages project posteriorly (Fig. 1a); posterior tip of appendages reach nearly to anus. Color in alcohol. Background coloration tan on head and dorsal and three quarters of body. Dorsal surface from snout to first dorsal-fin darkly pigmented. Few individuals with dark chromatophores on superior one-quarter of trunk. Opercle sometimes with patch of dark pigmentation. Lower one-quarter silvery. First dorsal fin light tan with margin outlined by small dark chromatophores, giving dusky appearance. Second dorsal fin with dark chromatophores forming two longitudinal stripes. Pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins light yellow.
Distribution. RioOrinoco and Rio Amazonas drainage in Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, and Peru; Essequibo River system in Guyana; Corantijn River system in Suriname, and Approuague River system in French Guyana (Fig. 4).
Geographic variation. Specimens from Rio Uatuma(INPA 11995, 14660, 11984, 11996, 2726, 2727, 10473, 5407, 10461, and MNHN 1996-1160), a left bank tributary of the Rio Amazonas, close to the Balbina Reservoir, have 27 to 30 dorsal-fin rays (usually 28), whereas those from other localities have 23 to 28 (usually 25). Although P. fourcroishows this intraespecific meristic variation, there are no consistent differences that justify the subdivision of the species into more than one taxon.
Comments. Perca fourcroiwas described based on a specimen from a collection which was probably donated by the Netherlands to France (La Cepede1802: 424), suggesting that the collection could have come from the Dutch colony of Suriname. The holotypeat MNHNis in good overall condition and the morphometric and meristic features are in agreement with the original description, except that there are 27 dorsal-fin soft rays (versus 28 in the original description). Although not mentioned by La Cepede, there are three mental barbels in the holotype. An additional species not previously assigned to Pachypopsis Pachyurus nattereri Steindachner(1863: 171), which was described based on three specimens from the Rio Branco and Rio Negro, Brazil. Based on the syntypes examination, Pachyurus nattereriis herein considered a junior synonym of Pachypops fourcroi, because their meristic and morphometrics values (Table 1) are in agreement with those found for the latter species. The syntype (NMW 15178:1, 54.3 mm SL) in that series in the best overall condition is designated as the lectotype, and the other two become paralectotypes (NMW 15178:2-3). Examination of the holotype of Corvina bilobaat MNHN (see Table 1) indicates that this species is a junior synonym of Pachypops fourcroi.
923901821
923901828
923901822
Brazil
923901829
Brazil
923901838
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901826
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901823
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901814
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901816
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901812
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901820
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901819
Venezuela
Bolivar
923901833
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901824
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901832
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901834
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901813
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901817
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901837
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901818
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901831
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901815
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901830
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901827
Venezuela
Amazonas
923901850
Guyana
923901845
Guyana
923901851
Guyana
923901854
Guyana
923901852
Guyana
923901861
Guyana
923901849
Guyana
923901844
Guyana
923901846
Guyana
923901839
Guyana
923901840
Guyana
923901847
Guyana
923901842
Guyana
923901856
Guyana
923901848
Guyana
923901857
Guyana
923901860
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901836
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901835
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901862
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901843
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901865
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901841
Suriname
Nickerie District
923901855
French Guyana
923901853
Colombia
923901870
Brazil
Amapá
923901873
Brazil
Amapá
923901877
Brazil
Amapá
923901876
Brazil
Amazonas
923901879
Brazil
Amazonas
923901883
Brazil
Amazonas
923901872
Brazil
Amazonas
923901867
Brazil
Amazonas
923901874
Brazil
Amazonas
923901859
Brazil
Amazonas
923901871
Brazil
Amazonas
923901875
Brazil
Amazonas
923901863
Brazil
Amazonas
923901880
Brazil
Amazonas
923901868
Brazil
Amazonas
923901889
Brazil
Amazonas
923901885
Brazil
Amazonas
923901866
Brazil
Amazonas
923901869
Brazil
Amazonas
923901884
Brazil
Amazonas
923901858
Brazil
Amazonas
923901888
Brazil
Amazonas
923901864
Brazil
Amazonas
923901881
Brazil
Pará
923901878
Brazil
Pará
923901901
Brazil
Pará
923901894
Brazil
Pará
923901900
Brazil
Pará
923901898
Brazil
Pará
923901904
Brazil
Pará
923901911
Brazil
Pará
923901893
Brazil
Pará
923901892
Brazil
Pará
923901899
Brazil
Pará
923901887
Brazil
Pará
923901897
Brazil
Pará
923901903
Brazil
Pará
923901890
Brazil
Pará
923901906
Brazil
Pará
923901896
Brazil
Pará
923901912
Brazil
Pará
923901907
Brazil
Pará
923901882
Brazil
Pará
923901895
Brazil
Pará
923901908
Brazil
Pará
923901886
Brazil
Pará
923901923
Brazil
Pará
923901891
Brazil
Pará
923901905
Brazil
Pará
923901902
Brazil
Pará
923901927
Brazil
Pará
923901922
Brazil
Pará
923901916
Brazil
Pará
923901919
Brazil
Pará
923901924
Brazil
Pará
923901929
Brazil
Pará
923901918
Brazil
Pará
923901920
Brazil
Pará
923901915
Brazil
Pará
923901909
Brazil
Pará
923901914
Brazil
Pará
923901925
Brazil
Rondonia
923901917
Brazil
Rondonia
923901926
Brazil
Rondonia
923901913
Brazil
Rondonia
923901930
Brazil
Mato Grosso
923901928
Peru
Loreto
923901910
Peru
Loreto
923901921
Peru
Loreto