Totton, 1930 : 199 Antarctoscyphus grandis Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) collected by the New Zealand Antarctic expedition BioRoss 2004 with RV Tangaroa ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO Zootaxa 2017 2017-07-14 4293 1 1 65 Blanco, 1977a Blanco 1977 [151,651,818,844] Hydrozoa Sertulariidae Antarctoscyphus Animalia Leptothecata 37 38 Cnidaria species grandis    Antarctoscyphus grandis—Peña Cantero et al., 1999: 1750–1756, figs 4, 5, 7B–C (synonymy); Peña Cantero 2008: 458; 2010b: 768; 2013: 130; Peña Cantero & Vervoort, 2009: 87–87.   Material examined.Stn 7, two stem fragments up to 55 mmlong, basibiont of  Halecium interpolatum Ritchie, 1907(NIWA 117549); Stn 8, two stems up to 90 mmhigh (MNCN 2.03/620); Stn 13, stem 100 mmhigh (NIWA 117550); Stn 17, five stems up to 110 mmhigh on pebbles (NIWA 117551); Stn 23, old stem 190 mmlong, basally and distally truncated, giving rise to two secondary stems, basibiont of  Hydractiniasp. (MNCN 2.03/621); Stn 39, four stems up to 300 mmhigh, with gonothecae (NIWA 117552); Stn 48, stem 280 mmhigh, with gonothecae (MNCN 2.03/622); Stn 52, two stems, 185 and 135 mmhigh, one basally truncated, other distally truncated (NIWA 117553); Stn 67, stem ca. 280 mmhigh, other stem 240 mmhigh (in two fragments), fragment 80 mmlong, with gonothecae (MNCN 2.03/623); Stn 102, stem fragment 12 mmlong (NIWA 117554); Stn 108, stem 130 mmhigh (NIWA 117555); Stn 124, colony with two stems, up to 210 mmhigh (one distally broken and without branches), with female gonothecae, basibiont of  Staurotheca nonscriptaand  Billardia subrufa(MNCN 2.03/624); Stn 125, three stem fragments up to 11 mmlong, belonging to two stems (NIWA 117556); Stn 130, basally truncated stem 105 mmhigh, with gonothecae (NIWA 117557); Stn 132, stem 170 mmhigh, with gonothecae (MNCN 2.03/625); Stn 143, basally broken stem 120 mmhigh, with gonothecae (NIWA 117558); Stn 150, two stems, 190 and 280 mmhigh, with gonothecae, basibiont of  Symplectoscyphussp. (NIWA 117559); Stn 178, three stems up to 180 mmhigh, with gonothecae (MNCN 2.03/626); Stn 179, stem 210 mmhigh ( 60 mmas hydrorhiza), stolons on pebbles (NIWA 117560); Stn 192, stem 19 mmlong (NIWA 117561); Stn 197, four stems, 280, 240, 240 and 130 mmhigh, with gonothecae (NIWA 117562); Stn 198, stem fragment 18 mmlong (NIWA 117563); Stn 206, distal stem fragment 65 mmlong, with gonothecae (NIWA 117564).   Remarks.Distally broken stems frequently regenerate, giving rise to new stems at the end, sometimes even originating two stems of the same entity, as in the material from Stn 48. In the stem from Stn 143, three paired branches were becoming secondary stems.  Ecology and distribution.Revised by Peña Cantero et al. (1999) and Peña Cantero (2008). Hitherto considered a shelf species (Peña Cantero et al.1997), found at depths between 15 ( Naumov & Stepanjants 1972) and 380 m(Peña Cantero et al.1999); present material from 120 to 975 m, widely extending its bathymetric range to bathyal depths. Epilithic on pebbles, basibiont for colonies of  Billardia subrufa,  Halecium interpolatum,  Hydractiniasp.,  Staurotheca nonscripta, and  Symplectoscyphussp. and with gonothecae in February and March.  Circum-Antarctic distribution (Peña Cantero et al.1997). Recently recorded from off Deception and Livingston islands( Peña Cantero 2008), off Elephant Island, Bransfield Islandand the Bransfield Strait ( Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2009), off Peter IIsland ( Peña Cantero 2010b), and off Low Island(Peña Cantero 2013), all in West  Antarctica. See Peña Cantero et al.(1999) for earlier records. In the Ross Sea, already known from off CapeAdare ( Totton 1930). Present material from Robertson Bayand off CapeAdare, Adare Peninsula, Possession Islands, Moubray Bayand CapeHallett. 1572325148 Peter I Antarctica Livingston islands 38 39 Bransfield Island Elephant Island 37 38 1 Cape