Salticus macleayanus Bradley, 1876: 220 foreli Myrmarachne macleayana Rainbow (1911) : 283 Salticus jugularis Simon, 1900: 404 – Myrmarachne jugularis Simon, 1901: 499 Myrmarachne jugularis Zabka Revision of eastern Australian ant-mimicking spiders of the genus Myrmarachne (Araneae, Salticidae) reveals a complex of species and forms Tripathi, Rishikesh Jose, Athira Nafin, Karunnappilli Shamsudheen Babu, Nishi Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2017 179 3 642 676 6RRGZ (BRADLEY, 1876) Bradley 1876 [199,741,210,237] Arachnida Salticidae Myrmarachne Animalia Araneae 18 660 Arthropoda species macleayana      Salticus macleayanus Bradley, 1876: 220; pl. 2, fig. 1 (D ♂) – forma foreli.     Myrmarachne macleayana Rainbow (1911): 283.     Salticus jugularis Simon, 1900: 404 – syn. nov.     Myrmarachne jugularis Simon, 1901: 499; fig. 593 (D ♂);  Myrmarachne jugularisZabka _(1991b): 42 ( typelocality specified as Australian).    Typematerial   Australia. QLD: 1♂ neotype, forma foreli( QMB, S100103) (  7 March 2012; I. Macaulay)Ingham (18 ° 39  018.39 ″S, 146 ° 9  012.67 ″E).  Material examined  Australia.  Forma foreli:  QLD: 1♀( QMB, S73291) (  10 June 1993; B. Baehr) Einasleigh River, 33 kmwest of Mount Surprise(18 ° 15  033.8 ″S, 144 ° 02  045.1 ″E); 1♂( QMB, S100102) (  16 November 2013; I. Macaulay) Barron Gorge National Park, car park (16 ° 50  010.55 ″S, 145 ° 38  034.20 ″E); 1♂( QMB, S100100) (  25 December 2011; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♀( MUB) (  4 January 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100101) (  28 November 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100140) (  28 November 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality. 2♂♂( MUB) (  10 January 2012; I. Macaulay) Cairns, Cattana Wetlands, near Unicampus ( 16 °49  0S, 145 °42  0E);  1♂( MUB) (  17 November 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100104) (  14 March 2013; I. Macaulay) Marcheeba(17 ° 0  036.84S ″, 145 ° 25  030.09 ″E); 1♀( QMB, S100142) (  8 November 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( AMS, KS.81334) (  15 October 2002; M. Zabka _) Babinda( 17 °21  0S, 145 °56  0E);  1♀( QMB, S100099) (  6 May 2014; I. Macaulay) Dimbulah(17 ° 08  056.3 ″S, 145 ° 06  022.4 ″E); 1♀( MUB) (  16 November 2013; I. Macaulay) Crystal Cascades(16 ° 57  049.06 ″S, 145 ° 40  04.99 ″E).  4♂♂, 2♀♀, 2 juv.( MUB) (20 �  24 March 2014; G. Corcobado, S. Pekar �) Cairns, Cairns Botanic Gardens(16 ° 53  057.563 ″S, 145 ° 44  059.953 ″E).   Forma robsoni:  QLD: 1♂( AMS, KS.51675) (  6 January 1976; G. Daniels) Blackdown Tableland Expedition Range( 23 °48  0S, 149 °08  0E); 1♂( AMS, KS.70331) ( J. Child) Homestead, in ranges ( 20 °21  0S, 145 °39  0E); 1♀( AMS, KS.97227) (  16 March 1997) Trinity Park( 16 °48  0S, 145 °42  0E); 1 juv.( AMS, KS.12788) (  March 1975; C. Horseman) Eurimbula, south-east of Gladstone( 24 °11  0S, 151 °50  0E); 1 juv.( AMS, KS.18225) (  10 January 1972; N.C. Coleman) Marcheeba( 17 °00  0S, 145 °26  0E); 1♂( AMS, KS.5766) (  3 January 1972; N.C. Coleman) Aloomba( 17 °07  0S, 145 °50  0E); 1♀( AMS, KS.5767) (  6 January 1972; N.C. Coleman) same locality; 1♀( QMB, S100110) (  22 April 2014; I. Macaulay) Barron Gorge National Park(16 ° 50  010.55 ″S, 145 ° 38  034.20 E); 1 juv.( QMB, S100106) (  25 April 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1 juv.( QMB, S100108) (  4 May 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♀( QMB, S100141) (  6 November 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( MUB) (  26 March 2013; I. Macaulay) Barron Gorge National Park, car park (16 ° 50  011.40 ″S, 145 ° 38  035.59 E); 1♂( QMB, S100109) (  3 March 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100105) (  16 November 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100114) (  25 November 2013; I. Macaulay) Cairns, Copperlode Dam(16 ° 58  047.14 ″S, 145 ° 40  026.96 ″E); 1 juv.( CRW) (  28 November 2013; I. Macaulay) Cairns(16 ° 54  049.72 ″S, 145 ° 46  00.45 ″E); 1♀( QMB, S100115) (  28 November 2013; I. Macaulay) Crystal Cascades, near Cairns(16 ° 57  049.06 ″S, 145 ° 40  04.99 ″E); 1♂( QMB, S100138) (  6 November 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality; 15♂♂, 20♀♀, 9 juv.( MUB) (22 �  25 March 2014; G. Corcobado, S. Pekar �) Cairns, Cairns Botanic Gardens(16 ° 53  057.563 ″S, 145 ° 44  059.953 ″E); 1♀( MUB) (  27 March 2014; G. Corcobado) Townsville, Townsville Botanic Gardens(19 ° 17  031.263 ″S, 146 ° 47  09.301 ″E); 1 juv.( QMB, S100112) (  30 November 2013; I. Macaulay) Daintree National Park( 16 °22  0S, 145 °15  0E); 1♂( QMB, S100113) (  30 November 2013; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100117) (  16 November 2012; I. Macaulay) Cattana Wetlands, near Unicampus in Cairns(16 ° 49  048.27 ″S, 145 ° 42  06.14 ″E); 1♂( QMB, S100135) (  13 November 2014; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♀( QMB, S100116) (  23 February 2013; I. Macaulay) Barron Gorge National Park, car park (16 ° 50  011.39 ″S, 145 ° 38  035.28 ″E); 1♀( QMB, S100111) (  3 January 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂( QMB, S100107) (  4 January 2012; I. Macaulay) same locality; 1♂, 2 juv.( QMB, S41396) (  3 January 1972; N. Clyde, N. Coleman) Gordonvale (17 ° 10  059.988 ″S, 145 ° 49  059.88 ″E); 1♀( QMB, 62) (  2 April 1975; R. Kohout) Homevale, semi-evergreen vine thicket ( 21 °24  0S, 148 °33  0E); 1♂, 1♀( QMB) (  30 November 2002; R. Raven) Stradbroke Island( 27 °31  0S, 153 °27  0E); 1♂, 1♀, 1 juv.( QMB, S401) Iron Ra, Cape York, rainforest (12 ° 43  059.988 ″S, 143 ° 16  059.88 ″E); 1♂, 1♀( QMB, S67) (  25 March 1975; R. Kohout) Rundle Ra SF, semi-evergreen vine thicket ( 23 °39  0S, 150 ° 58  059.88 ″E); 1♂( AMS, KS.5763) (  25 August 1970; R. E. Mascord) Edmonton area( 17 °01  0S, 145 °45  0E); 1♀( AMS, KS.110634) (  April 1975; M. Gray) Helenvale, south of Cooktown( 15 °43  0S, 145 °14  0E); 1♂( QMB, S77) (  23 June –7 July 1976; R. J. Raven, V. E. Davies) Iron Ra NP, Lamond Hill, summit, rainforest ( 12 °43  0S, 143 °18  0E). Etymology The formanames are derived from the species name of the ant species that they imitate (see Natural history).  Diagnosis Most similar to  M. bicolor. Both sexes differ from this species by dark-brown to black body coloration, and larger body size. Males of  M. macleayanafurther differ in the presence of apophysis on chelicera, thinner and longer RTA, short straight embolus, and females differ in the shape of copulatory ducts. This species is not diagnosable using DNA data (see below).  Description  Male:Measurements ( N= 18): total body length 8.1 mm( 5.3 –9.8 mm), carapace length 3.0 mm ( 2.2 –3.6 mm), carapace width 1.6 mm( 1.2 –1.9 mm), chelicera length 2.8 mm( 1.5 –3.3 mm), abdomen length 2.2 mm( 1.7 –2.8 mm), PTB = 0.48. Colour ( forma foreli) ( Fig. S1O): overall body colour brown to black, covered with dense white or golden hairs; chelicerae dorsally metallic, covered with white hairs; endites, labium, sternum, and palpal segments brown to dark brown; leg segments dark brown, excepting: Cx I, Mt II, Ta II, and Tr IV, pale; Pt I and IV, ventrally pale; Tr I and II, Ti II, pale with longitudinal dark-brown stripes on sides. Morphology: chelicerae long, protruding, laterodorsally with an apophysis at one-third of their length ( Fig. 10F, H); cheliceral prolateral margin anteriorly with five or six strong teeth, retrolateral margin posteriorly with six tiny teeth ( Fig. 10I); fangs lightly sinuous, with curved tip ( Fig. 10I); prosoma elongate ( Fig. 10A,B), cephalic part of carapace convex, higher than thoracic, separated from thoracic part by a deep constriction; Cx I –IV with a process on the inner margin; leg spines: Mt I and II, and Ti I and II each with two ventral pairs; abdomen spherical with a shallow constriction, and two dorsal scuta ( Fig. 10F); palpal cymbium oval, with two apical spines; tegulum large, round, embolus coiled twice, sinusoid ( Figs 2I, J, 10J); RTA slender, sinusoid, curved outwards, wider at base, flange of RTA developed ( Fig. 10K).  Female:Measurements ( N= 14): total body length 5.9 mm(4.8 –7.0 mm), carapace length 2.7 mm( 1.1 –3.1 mm), carapace width 1.3 mm( 1.1 –1.6 mm), chelicera length 0.8 mm(0.7 –1.0 mm), abdomen length 2.5 mm(1.8 –3.0 mm). Colour ( forma foreli) ( Fig. S1P): as in males, but chelicerae dorsally reticulated, shiny golden, carapace with wedge of white hairs laterally at the constriction; palpal Pt and Ta flattened and dorsally metallic; leg segments as in males, but Fe I and Ti I stripped; constriction on carapace with wedge-shaped patch of white hairs laterally; abdomen with white transverse stripe laterally at the constriction, posteriorly with a small yellow patch ( Fig. 10C, E, G). Morphology: as in males, but chelicerae small, cheliceral prolateral margin with seven or eight teeth, retrolateral margin with eight teeth; cephalic part of carapace as high as thoracic part ( Fig. 10D, G); epigyne with two large round atria separated by septum, atria two times wider than septum ( Figs 3E, 10L); spermathecae large, elongate, situated in upper part of septum, copulatory ducts not twisted, median pocket wide ( Fig. 10M).  Variation Males of forma robsoni( Fig. S1M) have carapace and abdomen dark brown to black, bold and shiny, except for chelicerae, which have white hairs at the anterior third of their length, clypeus with white hairs, abdomen with a patch of white hairs dorsally at the constriction, leg segments brown, but Cx I, Ta III and IV, Tr IV, pale, Fe I, Mt I, Pt II and IV, Ta II, with pale longitudinal bands on the dorsal side. Females of forma robsoni( Fig. S1N) have coloration as in males, but abdomen dorsally with transverse tiny patch of white hairs. Furthermore, carapace laterally with wedge-shaped patch of white hairs at constriction. The two forms do not differ significantly in size in any measured parameter (ANOVA, P> 0.07).  Natural history The species is found foraging on many broad-leaf plants, such as palms, on sunny days. The forma forelioccurs in the vicinity of the ants  Polyrhachis foreliKohout, 1989(grey colour) or  Polyrhachis cupreataEmery, 1895(golden colour), whereas the forma robsonioccurs in the vicinity of the ant  Polyrhachis robsoniKohout, 2006, which they imitate. Silken retreats are built on the undersides of leaves. The forms occur sympatrically.  Distribution  Australia: QLD ( Fig. 4G).  Remarks Bradley’s type material should be at the University of Sydney but has not been found (H. Smith, pers. commun.). For stability, we designated a neotype. Bradley’s description (verbal and drawings) is detailed enough (even though it lacks a proper description of the palp) to use for identification: specifically, the coloration, size, and shape of chelicera. Furthermore, Bradley collected the specimen near Cooktown, which is near to places where we collected our specimens. The type material of  M. jugulariswas not available. Simon’s verbal description most closely matches  M. macleayana: therefore, we consider  M. jugularisa junior synonym. 2012-03-07 QLD, QMB I. Macaulay Australia Australia 18 660 S100103 1 1 holotype S73291 Australia 1993-06-10 2013-11-16 1993-06-10 QLD, QMB Baehr & Macaulay Australia Barron Gorge National Park Einasleigh River Mount Surprise 18 660 S100102, S100100 3 1 2 S73291 Australia 2012-01-04 2013-11-16 1993-06-10 MUB Macaulay Australia Barron Gorge National Park Einasleigh River Mount Surprise 18 660 1 1 S73291 Australia 2012-11-28 2013-11-16 1993-06-10 QMB Macaulay Australia Barron Gorge National Park Einasleigh River Mount Surprise 18 660 S100101 1 1 S73291 Australia 2014-11-28 2013-11-16 1993-06-10 QMB Macaulay Australia Barron Gorge National Park Einasleigh River Mount Surprise 18 660 S100140 1 1 S73291 Australia 2012-01-10 2013-11-16 1993-06-10 MUB Macaulay & Cairns Australia Barron Gorge National Park Cattana Wetlands Uni 18 660 2 2 [163,700,1115,1137] Australia 2012-11-17 MUB Macaulay Australia 18 660 1 1 Australia 2013-03-14 2014-11-08 2013-03-14 QMB Macaulay Australia Marcheeba 18 660 S100104, S100142 2 1 1 Australia 2002-10-15 2014-11-08 2013-03-14 AMS, KS Zabka Australia Babinda 18 660 1 1 Australia 2013-11-16 2014-05-06 2013-11-16 QMB, MUB Macaulay & Crystal Cascades Australia 18 660 S100099 2 2 Australia 2014-03-24 MUB Corcobado & Pek & Cairns Australia Cairns Botanic Gardens 18 660 8 2 4 S41396 1970-08-25 2014-11-13 1970-08-25 QLD, AMS, KS, QMB, MUB, CRW, R, V G. Daniels & Blackdown Tableland Expedition Range & J. Child & Homestead & Trinity Park & C. Horseman & Eurimbula & Gladstone & N. C. Coleman & Marcheeba & Aloomba & I. Macaulay & Cairns & Copperlode Dam & Crystal Cascades & G. Corcobado & S. Pek & Cairns Botanic Gardens & Townsville & Townsville Botanic Gardens & Cattana Wetlands & Uni & N. Clyde & N. Coleman & Rundle Ra SF & E. Mascord & M. Gray & J. Raven & E. Davies & Iron Ra NP Barron Gorge National Park 19 661 Daintree National Park Barron Gorge National Park 18 660 S100110, S100106, S100108, S100141, S100109, S100105, S100114, S100115, S100138, S100112, S100113, S100117, S100135, S100116, S100111, S100107, S401, S67, S77 84 33 33 York