Description of five new species in the genus Phlyctinus Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): a first step in deciphering the P. callosus complex Haran, Julien M. Hansen, Steffan Benoit, Laure Addison, Pia European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-06-18 669 669 1 29 8KBN5 Haran Haran & Hansen & Benoit & Cbgp 2020 [566,924,1366,1393] Insecta Curculionidae Phlyctinus Animalia Coleoptera 15 16 Arthropoda species planithorax sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6D17741D-DBF6-4AF3-BD2B-DBBF5F0ADD8A  Figs 1D, 2D, 3D, 4E    Etymology The species name refers to the absence of a median carina on the prothorax of this species.    Material examined    Holotype  REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA• ♂; Western Cape province, Gordons Bay; 34º10.823ʹ S, 18º49.843ʹ E;  14 Apr. 2019; at base of   Hymenolepiscrithmifolia(L.) Greuter(  Asteraceae); CBGPcode JHAR02264; SAMC.   Paratypes   REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA–  Western Cape province• 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CBGP•  1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC•  1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; Gordons Bay; 34º10.093ʹ S, 18º51.047ʹ E;  8 Nov. 2019; at base of  Hymenolepis crithmifolia; CBGPcode JHAR03026; CBGP(ethanol coll.)•  7 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Gordons Bay, Sunbird; 34º11.209ʹ S, 18º49.154ʹ E;  8 Nov. 2019; at base of  Carpobrotus edulis(L.) N.E.Br ( Aizoaceae); CBGPcode JHAR03027; CBGP(ethanol coll.).    Description BODY LENGTH. 6.0– 6.8 mm. COLOUR. Body integument black; vestiture of elytra consisting of elliptical scales, twice as long as wide, not concealing integument; scales pale or dark brown with scattered contrasting pearly green spots and an ill-defined transverse pale band on apical ⅔ of interstriae 1–3, mainly visible in females. HEAD. Rostrum longer than wide (w/l ratio: 0.77) in both sexes, as wide as base at apex, sides slightly concave near middle of length in dorsal view; epifrons as wide as width of eye, at base narrower than distance between eyes, sides subparallel, upper face with a longitudinal carina extending from basal transverse groove to nasal plate, visible through scales; nasal plate V-shaped, reaching level of antennal insertions basally, bare of scales, with only minute setae inserted in scattered punctures and 3 pairs of long setae apically near insertion of mandibles (2 short and 1 very long); antennal scrobes slightly curved in lateral view, directed to middle of eye, separated from it by a strip of scales slightly narrower than diameter of eyes; mandibles trisetose, bare of scales. Forehead with a short longitudinal furrow between eyes; recumbent and suberect scales arranged centripetally towards a point below base of eyes, in dorsal view; eyes protruding, surface almost conical in dorsal view. Antennae slender, scape 0.75 × as long as funicle, slightly bisinuate, subclavate at apex, exceeding anterior margin of prothorax in repose; funicle with segments 1–2 elongate, 1 very slightly shorter (0.95 ×) than 2, segments 3–6 longer than wide, conical, shortening apicad, segment 7 longer and slightly wider than 6; club spindle-shaped, segment 1 longer than 2, margins slightly sinuous. PROTHORAX. Wider than long (w/l ratio: 1.18), widest near middle of length, apical margin 0.6× as wide as basal margin, sides rounded, apical half slightly concave; integument densely punctate, spaces between punctures forming ill-defined concentric smooth ridges, upper face regularly convex, lacking carina or cuticular depression. ELYTRA. Sides convex, widest before middle of length (w/l ratio: 0.75–0.80), integument micro-punctate and weakly reticulate, shiny, interstriae raised, 2–3× as wide as width of striae in basal half; small declivital callosities present on apical ¼ of interstriae 3, 5 and 7; each interstria with 1–2 series of semierect elongate brownish scales, condensed on callosities. ABDOMEN. Underside with pearly green scales, scattered, not overlapping; ventrite 1 shorter than 2 +3+4, slightly convex in middle ( ♀) or concave with erect setae as long as claws (♂), ventrite 5 as long as 3+ 4, with sub-erect setae in middle and near apex ( ♀) or with a large cavity extending on apical ⁴⁄5, with long erect setae condensed on margin of cavity, forming two brushes at apical and basal margins, and a longitudinal line of erect setae in cavity, long in basal half and very short in apical half (♂) ( Fig. 3D). LEGS. Femora clavate, unarmed; tibiae straight, unarmed, slightly bisinuate on ventral side; claws simple, free, equal in length. GENITALIA. Body of penis elongate, 0.65 × as long as apodemes, sides convex, widest in basal ¼ (w/l ratio: 0.44), in lateral view curvature weak ( Fig. 2D); copulatory sclerite with left arm longer than body, not bearing setae at base; comb of right arm with setae converging, curved inward at apex; right area of body slightly wider than left area.   Sexual dimorphism Males may be distinguished externally from females by the presence of a cavity and setae on ventrite 5. They usually lack a distinct transverse pale band on the elytra (visible on interstriae 1–3 infemales).   Life history All known specimens of  P. planithorax sp. nov.have been collected at the base of  Hymenolepis crithmifolia(Asteraceae)and  Carpobrotus edulis(Aizoaceae)plants, which are probably its host plants ( Fig. 4E–F). This species was not found on other plants present at the collection sites. Adults were collected in April and November.    Distribution This species is only known from several sites of the western slope of the Kogelberg Mountain.    Remarks 2640284350 2019-04-14 CBGP, SAMC South Africa -34.18038 Hymenolepis 1 18.830717 Gordons Bay 15 16 JHAR02264 1 1 Western Cape province holotype 2640284315 CBGP South Africa Western Cape province 15 16 4 2 2 Western Cape province holotype 2640284339 [458,1121,1902,1929] SAMC South Africa Western Cape province 15 16 2 1 1 Western Cape holotype 2640284305 2019-11-08 CBGP South Africa -34.168217 Gordons Bay 1 18.850784 15 16 6 6 Western Cape paratype 2640284327 [624,1393,1971,1999] South Africa -34.186817 Sunbird 1 18.819233 Gordons Bay 15 16 12 12 Western Cape paratype