Orthobula calceata Simon, 1897b: 499 Orthobula calceata Ramírez, 2014: 212 A revision of the spider genus Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Trachelidae) in the Afrotropical Region. I. Continental species Haddad, Charles R. Jin, Chi Platnick, Norman I. Zootaxa 2022 2022-05-05 5133 3 355 382 6T9DB Simon, 1897 Simon 1897 [151,544,1590,1617] Arachnida Trachelidae Orthobula Animalia Araneae 12 367 Arthropoda species calceata   Figs 5, 6, 65–75      Orthobula calceata Simon, 1897b: 499( Holotype ♀:  SIERRA LEONE:leg. Mocquerys, deposited in MNHN—examined).   Orthobula calceata Ramírez, 2014: 212, figs 140E, 165E–F, 180A.   Diagnosis.Females of  O. calceatahave a similar general epigyne structure to those of  O. radiata, but can be distinguished by the curved anterolateral ridges flanking the CO and the very narrow separation of the ST I and SBB ( Fig. 65), with the ridges replaced by shallow depressions, and the ST I and SBB separated by approximately ½ SBB diameter, in  O. radiata( Figs 45, 96). Males of  O. calceatamost closely resemble those of  O. aethiopica  sp. nov.in their palpal structure, particularly the slight undulation of the embolus in ventral view ( Figs 57, 68), but can be distinguished by the shape of the RFA, which is short and hook-shaped in  O. calceata( Fig. 69) but longer and bifid in  O. aethiopica  sp. nov.( Fig. 58).   FIGURE 64.Phenology of adult  Orthobula arca  sp. nov.in a year-long pitfall trapping study conducted at the Erfenis Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa (see Haddad et al.2015).  Female (Badenou, ZFMK 8947).Measurements: CL 0.93, CW 0.71,AL 1.09,AW 0.99, TL 2.08 (1.60–2.25), PERW 0.29, MOQAW 0.13, MOQPW 0.17, MOQL 0.16. Length of leg segments: I 0.63 + 0.24 + 0.56 + 0.50 + 0.27 = 2.20; II 0.54 + 0.22 + 0.44 + 0.40 + 0.27 = 1.87; III 0.43 + 0.21 + 0.34 + 0.37 + 0.25 = 1.60; IV 0.60 + 0.22 + 0.53 + 0.59 + 0.29 = 2.23. Colour: carapace bright yellow-orange, with black mottling around margins and sides, black mottled patch centrally; chelicerae yellow-brown; endites and labium yellow-brown, cream distally; sternum yellow-orange, with black mottled margins; palps yellow, tibiae with black mottling prolaterally and dorsally; legs with femora, patellae and tibiae orange-brown, with dense black mottling laterally; distal ends of anterior femora and tibiae, and proximal ends of patellae, with yellow rings; posterior femora, patellae and tibiae yellow, with pro- and retrolateral mottled markings in distal half of femora, only retrolaterally on patellae and tibiae; all metatarsi yellow, tarsi creamy-yellow; abdomen grey dorsally, with pair of longitudinal cream anterolateral patches and paired cream transverse patches at midpoint, merging in square medially; faint cream patch above spinnerets; venter cream, with small mottled grey patch in front of spinnerets; spinnerets cream. Leg spination: femora and patellae: spineless; tibiae: I plv 6 rlv 5, II plv 4 rlv 4; metatarsi: I plv 4 rlv 4, II plv 4 rlv 4; tarsi: I plv 3 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2. Epigyne with lateral CO in curved anterolateral ridges ( Fig. 65); CO initially curving posteromesally, then bending sharply and diverging slightly before entering round SBB at centre of epigyne; SBB almost touching along their mesal surfaces, also almost touching anterior surface of ST I; CD approximately 1½ times width of SBB; BU ovoid, wrinkled, with finger-shaped accessory gland on their anteromesal surface; SBB connected to ST I by very short looping ducts, entering transversely oval ST I on their anteromesal surface ( Fig. 66).  Male (Bagoé River, ZFMK 8962).Measurements: CL 0.80, CW 0.63, AL 0.82, AW 0.61, TL 1.70 (1.30–1.70), PERW 0.28, MOQAW 0.11, MOQPW 0.15, MOQL 0.14. Length of leg segments: I 0.52 + 0.21 + 0.48 + 0.40 + 0.26 = 1.87; II 0.46 + 0.19 + 0.38 + 0.33 + 0.25 = 1.61; III 0.40 + 0.17 + 0.27 + 0.30 + 0.21 = 1.35; IV 0.51 + 0.25 + 0.44 + 0.46 + 0.27 = 1.93. Colour: carapace yellow-orange with dense black mottling around margins and on sides, with distinct patch centrally; chelicerae yellow-orange; endites and labium yellow-orange, cream distally, proximal half of labium with black mottling; sternum yellow-orange, margins darker, with dense black mottling around margins; palps yellowbrown; legs yellow, anterior femora slightly darker; anterior femora with distal mottled patches laterally, patellae and tibiae with black mottling dorsally and laterally; posterior femora with distal mottled patch retrolaterally, extending as stripe along patellae and tibiae; abdomen black dorsally, with pair of cream oval anterolateral markings and transverse cream band at midpoint, latter expanded medially along anterior side; venter cream, epigastric plate with dense mottling laterally; lateral grey colouration extending as ring around spinnerets. Leg spination: femora and patellae: spineless; tibiae: I plv 6 rlv 5, II plv 4 rlv 3; metatarsi: I plv 4 rlv 4, II plv 4 rlv 3; tarsi: I plv 3 rlv 3, II plv 3 rlv 2.   FIGURES 65–69.  Orthobula calceataSimon, 1897, genitalic morphology of female (65, 66) and male (67–69) from Bagoé: epigyne, ventral (65) and dorsal (66) views; palp, prolateral (67), ventral (68) and retrolateral (69) views. Scale bars: 0.10 mm. Palpal femur with small hook-shaped RFA ( Figs 67, 69); tibia with small, simple triangular apophysis; retrodistal tegular ridge weakly developed, only curving slightly to ventral surface, not close to base of embolus ( Fig. 68); embolus narrow, undulating slightly in ventral view, with weak curve at half its length ( Figs 67–69).  Other material examined.   CAMEROON:  Adamaoua: ca.  20 kmS Minim, 06°49’N, 12°52’E,  1200 ma.s.l.,  III.1981, leg. W. Flacke& P. Nagel, 1♀( ZFMK 10429);  Samelocality,  XI–XII.1980, leg. W. Flacke& P. Nagel, 1♂( ZFMK 10445);  Tchabal Mbabo, SW slope, 07°25’N, 12°49’E,  1600 ma.s.l.,  10.IV.1983, leg. R. Bosmans& Van Stalle(sweeping, transition between gallery forest and grassland), 1♂( MRAC 162251).   Northwest: Mount Oku, 06°15’N, 10°26’E,  8.III.1983,  2350 ma.s.l., leg. R. Bosmans& Van Stalle( pitfalls), 1♂( MRAC 162239);  Ndopplateau, near Koutoupi, Wslope, Massif de Mbam, 05°54’N, 10°44’E,  31.III.1983,  1100 ma.s.l., leg. R. Bosmans& Van Stalle(forest litter), 1♂( MRAC 162210).   COTE D’IVOIRE:  Gôh-Djiboua: Gagnoa[ 06°08’N, 05°57’W],  26.VI.1996, leg. A. Russell-Smith( pitfall, upland rice), 1♂ 1♀( BMNH).   Lacs: Kossou, 06°57’N, 04°58’W,  24.XII.1974, leg. R. Jocqué(savanna), 1♂( MRAC 152488).   Savanes: Bagoé/ Guingéréni, 09°32’N, 06°36’W,  14.II–13.III.1983, leg. Fliedner& Krüger, 3 imm. 4♂ 4♀( ZFMK 8945);  Samelocality,  14.II–13.III.1983, leg. Krüger& Summkeller(BF), 1 imm. 11♂ 4♀( ZFMK 8971);  Samelocality,  18.II–13.III.1983, leg. Krüger& Summkeller(BF/GW), 5♂( ZFMK 8972);  Samelocality,  21.II.1983, Krüger& Sumkeller(wasser bis 15:30), 1♂( ZFMK 8962);  Samelocality,  III–IV.1984, leg. Krüger& Petermann(BF 1 GwD+P), 12♂ 2♀( ZFMK 8974);  Samelocality,  6–19.III.1984, leg. Krüger& Petermann, 1♂( ZFMK 8939);  Samelocality,  6–19.III.1984, leg. Krüger& Petermann(BF 6 Gw), 3♂ 2♀( ZFMK 8948);  Near Korhogo, 09°27’N, 05°38’W,  I.1980, leg. J. Everts( pitfalls, gallery forest), 1♂ 1♀( MRAC 169841);  Samedata but  II.1980, 2♂ 1♀( MRAC 169.839);  Samedata but  III.1980, 1♂ 1♀( MRAC 169840);  Samedata but  V.1980, 3♀( MRAC 169843);  Riv. Badeni/ Tawara, 25 kmN, 09°52’N, 05°39’W,  24.I–11.II.1983, leg. Krüger& Summkeller, 2 imm. 1♂ 1♀( ZFMK 8951);  Riv. Badenou/M’bengué, 09°50’N, 05°50’W,  19.XI–9.XII.1984, leg. Krüger& Sumkeller(BF), 1♀( ZFMK 8987);  Samelocality,  7.XI–18.XII.1982, leg. Dister, Huschens& Sumkeller(FH), 4 imm. 3♂ 3♀( ZFMK 8959);  Samelocality,  XI.1983, leg. R. Summkeller(oben), 1♂ 1♀( ZFMK 8947);  Samelocality,  XII.1983, leg. R. Summkeller(hang quer), 2♂( ZFMK 8949);  Samelocality,  XI–XII.1983, leg. G. Rosner& R. Summkeller, 1 imm. 1♀( ZFMK 8997),  2♀( ZFMK 8961).   Sassandra-Marahoué: Bouaflé, Klébo, 06°52’N, 06°08’W,  I.1981, leg. J. Everts( pitfall), 1♂( MRAC 166405);  Samedata but  II.1981, 1♂ 1♀( MRAC 166385).   Vallée du Bandama: Bouaké[ 07°42’N, 05°02’W],  9.XI.1995, leg. A. Russell-Smith(rice, pitfalls, WARDA), 3♂ 5♀( BMNH).   Woroba: Touba[ 08°17’N, 07°41’W],  24.VIII.1995, leg. A. Russell-Smith( pitfall, rice), 1♂( BMNH). D.R.   CONGO:  Équateur: Mabali, Bikoro District, 00°53’S, 18°07’E,  X.1959, leg. N. Leleup, 1♀( MRAC 114565).   EQUATORIAL GUINEA:  Kié-Ntem: Micomeseng, 02°08’N, 10°37’E,  13–17.VII.1989, leg. M. Alderweireldt( pitfall, field), 1♀( MRAC 170228).   GHANA:  Greater Accra: Achimota[ 05°37’N, 00°13’W],  V.1961, leg. C. Hinckley(on outside and in house), 1♀( MCZ16418).   NIGERIA:  Kwara: Borgu Game Reserve, 10°15’N, 04°10’E,  5–6.VIII.1973, leg. A. Russell-Smith(flood debris on river bank), 1♀( MRAC 160343).  Habitat and biology.A common ground-dwelling spider sampled from pitfalls and litter in various forest and savanna habitats.   Distribution.Widespread in West Africa and the western parts of the CongoBasin ( Fig. 82); largely sympatric with  O. marusiki  sp. nov.( Fig. 101) and often collected together in the same samples.   Variation.All of the examined  O. calceataexamined have some abdominal markings in both sexes, with the majority of specimens showing “complete” markings ( Figs 72, 75), and only a few individuals of each sex a reduction in their extent (e.g. Figs 70, 71, 73, 74). 3763890533 1981-03 ZFMK W. Flacke & P. Nagel Cameroon 1200 6.8166666 Adamaoua 1303 12.866667 14 369 ZFMK 10429 1 1 Goh-Djiboua 3763890465 1980-11 1980-12-31 1980-11 ZFMK W. Flacke & P. Nagel Cameroon Same 14 369 ZFMK 10445 1 1 Goh-Djiboua 3763890529 1983-04-10 MRAC R. Bosmans & Van Stalle Cameroon 1600 7.4166665 Tchabal Mbabo 1303 12.816667 14 369 MRAC 162251 1 1 Goh-Djiboua 3763890541 1983-03-08 MRAC R. Bosmans & Van Stalle Cameroon 2350 6.25 Mount Oku 1305 10.433333 Northwest 14 369 MRAC 162239 1 1 Goh-Djiboua 3763890457 1983-03-31 MRAC R. Bosmans & Van Stalle Cameroon 1100 5.9 Massif de Mbam 1305 10.733334 Ndop 14 369 MRAC 162210 1 1 Goh-Djiboua 3763890424 1996-06-26 BMNH A. Russell-Smith Ivory Coast 6.133333 Gagnoa 1305 -5.95 14 369 2 1 1 Goh-Djiboua 3763890397 [340,1333,1542,1569] 1974-12-24 MRAC R. Jocque Ivory Coast 6.95 Kossou 1303 -4.9666667 14 369 MRAC 152488 1 1 Lacs 3763890402 1983-02-14 1983-03-13 1983-02-14 ZFMK Fliedner & Kruger Ivory Coast Savanes 9.533334 Guingereni 1299 -6.6 Bagoe 14 369 ZFMK 8945 7 4 3 Lacs 3763890404 1983-02-14 1983-03-13 1983-02-14 ZFMK Kruger & Summkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8971 5 4 1 Lacs 3763890314 1983-02-18 1983-03-13 1983-02-18 ZFMK Kruger & Summkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8972 5 5 Lacs 3763890483 1983-02-21 ZFMK Kruger & Sumkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8962 1 1 Lacs 3763890341 [360,1365,1686,1713] 1984-03 1984-04-31 1984-03 ZFMK Kruger & Petermann Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8974 14 2 12 Lacs 3763890469 1984-03-06 1984-03-19 1984-03-06 ZFMK Kruger & Petermann Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8939 1 1 Lacs 3763890431 1984-03-06 1984-03-19 1984-03-06 ZFMK Kruger & Petermann Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8948 5 2 3 Lacs 3763890407 1980-01 MRAC J. Everts Ivory Coast 9.45 Near Korhogo 1299 -5.633333 14 369 MRAC 169841 2 1 1 Lacs 3763890507 [344,849,1794,1821] 1980-02 MRAC Ivory Coast Same 14 369 MRAC 169.839 3 1 2 Lacs 3763890514 [859,1367,1794,1821] 1980-03 MRAC Ivory Coast Same 14 369 MRAC 169840 2 1 1 Lacs 3763890481 1980-05 MRAC Ivory Coast Same 14 369 MRAC 169843 3 3 Lacs 3763890500 1983-01-24 1983-02-11 1983-01-24 ZFMK Kruger & Summkeller Ivory Coast 9.866667 Tawara 1298 -5.65 Riv. Badeni 14 369 ZFMK 8951 3 1 2 Lacs 3763890434 1984-11-19 1984-12-09 1984-11-19 ZFMK Kruger & Sumkeller Ivory Coast 9.833333 Riv. Badenou 1298 -5.8333335 14 369 ZFMK 8987 1 1 Lacs 3763890463 1982-11-07 1982-12-18 1982-11-07 ZFMK Dister & Huschens & Sumkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8959 7 3 4 Lacs 3763890336 [395,1171,1938,1965] 1983-11 ZFMK R. Summkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8947 2 1 1 Lacs 3763890536 1983-12 ZFMK R. Summkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8949 2 2 Lacs 3763890472 1983-11 1983-12-31 1983-11 ZFMK G. Rosner & R. Summkeller Ivory Coast Same 14 369 ZFMK 8997 1 1 Lacs 3763890519 [363,562,2010,2037] 1983-11 1983-12-31 1983-11 ZFMK G. Rosner & R. Summkeller Ivory Coast true Same 14 369 ZFMK 8961 2 2 Lacs 3763890484 1981-01 MRAC J. Everts Ivory Coast 15 370 6.866667 Klebo 1303 -6.133333 Bouafle 14 369 MRAC 166405 1 1 Sassandra-Marahoue 3763890531 [485,1006,150,177] 1981-02 MRAC Ivory Coast Same 15 370 MRAC 166385 2 1 1 Sassandra-Marahoue 3763890393 1995-11-09 BMNH A. Russell-Smith Ivory Coast 7.7 Bouake 1303 -5.0333333 15 370 8 5 3 Vallee du Bandama 3763890478 1995-08-24 BMNH A. Russell-Smith Ivory Coast 8.283334 Touba 1301 -7.6833334 15 370 1 1 Woroba 3763890385 1959-10 MRAC N. Leleup Democratic Republic of the Congo -0.8833333 Bikoro District 1308 18.116667 Mabali 15 370 MRAC 114565 1 1 Equateur 3763890405 1989-07-13 1989-07-17 1989-07-13 MRAC M. Alderweireldt Equatorial Guinea 2.1333334 Micomeseng 1307 10.616667 15 370 MRAC 170228 1 1 Kie-Ntem 3763890459 MCZ 16418 1961-05 MCZ C. Hinckley Ghana 5.616667 Achimota 1305 -0.21666667 15 370 1 1 Greater Accra 3763890479 1973-08-05 1973-08-06 1973-08-05 MRAC A. Russell-Smith Nigeria 10.25 Borgu Game Reserve 1298 4.1666665 15 370 MRAC 160343 1 1 Kwara