Four new Amynthas and Metaphire earthworm species from nine provinces in southern China Sun, Jing Jiang, Ji-Bao Bartlam, Scott Qiu, Jiang-Ping Hu, Feng Zootaxa 2018 2018-10-05 4496 1 287 301 Sun & Jiang Sun & Jiang & Bartlam & Qiu & Hu 2018 [151,613,764,790] Clitellata Megascolecidae Metaphire GBIF Animalia Haplotaxida 9 296 Annelida species sanmingensis sp. nov.     Typematerial.  Holotype: Oneclitellate (C-FJ  201008-02) specimen, China, Fujian Province, Sanming City, Youxi County( 26°05'10"N, 118°25'09"E),  953 masl, topsoil below bamboo in Mid-subtropicalevergreen broad-leaved forest, yellow soil,   25 Aug. 2010, J. B. Jiangcoll.  Paratypes: A total of 14 specimens, as follows: Oneclitellate (C- FJ 201101-03) specimen, China, Fujian Province, Wuyishan City( 27°47'12"N, 118°04'32"E),  308 masl, topsoil below fern and  Eleusine indicain Mid-subtropicalevergreen broad-leaved forest, red soil,   9 Jul. 2011, J. B. Jiang, J. Sun, H. W. Fengand X. D. Leicoll. One clitellate (C-FJ 201112-02), China, Fujian Province, Meihuashan National Natural Reserve( 25°14'59"N, 116°50'09"E),  810 masl, topsoil below reed in Mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, red soil,   13 Jul. 2011, J. B. Jiang, J. Sun, H. W. Fengand X. D. Leicoll. Two clitellates (C- JX201301-01), China, Jiangxi Province, Longhu Mountain( 28°05'38"N, 117°01'08"E),  76 masl, topsoil below shrubs in Mid-subtropicalevergreen broad-leaved forest, sandy red soil,   15 Jun. 2013, J. B. Jiang, L. L. Zhang, Y. Dongand S. Leicoll. Two clitellates (C-AH201610-04), China, Anhui Province, Huangshan City, Taipinghu County( 30°21'33"N, 117°56'09"E),  146 masl, topsoil below moss, fern and shrubs in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, red-brown soil,   9 May 2016, J. Sun, J. B. Jiang, Y. Dongand Y. Zhengcoll. Four clitellates (C- AH201609-03), China, Anhui Province, Huangshan City, Taipinghu County( 30°18'45"N, 118°01'32"E),  120 masl, topsoil below moss, fern and shrubs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, red-brown soil,   9 May 2016, J. Sun, J. B. Jiang, Y. Dongand Y. Zhengcoll. Four clitellates (C-AH201610-03), China, Anhui Province, Huangshan City, Taipinghu County( 30°21'33"N, 117°56'09"E),  146 masl, topsoil below moss, fern and shrubs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, red-brown soil, 9 May 2016, J. Sun, J. B. Jiang, Y. Dong and Y. Zheng coll.   Etymology.This species is named according to the locality of the holotype, which is Sanming city, Fujian Province, China.   Diagnosis.This species is relatively thick for its length; spermathecal pores three pairs in 6/7–8/9, two genital papillae on the ventral mid-line and found post-setal in VII and VIII normally, and extra papillae may be present or the papillae may be absent; secondary male pores opening to copulatory pouches, surrounded by three papillae, with three other papillae ventro-medial and post-setal transversely placed on XVIII, the number of papillae may be less in some specimens; prostate glands well-developed with small duct; spermathecal diverticulum shorter than the main axis, distal third dilated into rod-shaped seminal chamber.   Description.External characters. Preserved specimens’ dorsal color light brown anterior to clitellum, brown posterior to clitellum, ventral pigment lacking anterior to clitellum and light brown posterior to clitellum. Middorsal line pigmented posterior to clitellum. Dimensions 55–113 mmby 4–5.5 mmat clitellum, segments number 55–86. No secondary annulations. Prostomium ½ epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11/12, 12/13 or 13/14. Clitellum annular in XIV–XVI, grayish-brown, smooth, swollen, no visible setae on ventral side. Setae uniformly distributed, 16–24 at III, 23–32 at V, 33–40 at VIII, 44–48 at XX, 4 8–50at XXV; 8– 12/VII, 12/VIIIbetween spermathecal pores, 8–9 between male pores, setal formula AA=1.2–1.8AB, ZZ=1.2–2.2ZY. Spermathecal pores three pairs, in 6/7–8/9, intersegmental, about 0.33 of circumference ventrally apart; conspicuous, eye-like ( Fig. 5A). Two genital papillae always longitudinally placed and posterior to the setae AA in VII and VIII in holotypeand paratypes; an extra two pairs of papillae present in paratypeC-AH201609-03, and each pair longitudinally placed slightly medial to the spermathecal pore on VIII; no genital papillae on paratypeC-FJ 201101-03. Secondary male pores in XVIII, 0.33 of circumference ventrally apart, surrounded by three skin folds, opening to small copulatory pouches visible only within the body wall, no penial body in the pouch. Male papillae variable, holotypewith three small, flattopped papillae aligned in a curve medial to each male opening and concave laterally, as well as three ventromedial and post-setal papillae transversely located on XVIII, no penial body in the pouch; paratypeswith two small, flat-toped papillae adjacent to the anterior and posterior margins of each copulatory pouch ( Fig. 5B). Female pore single mid-ventral in XIV, milk-white, elliptical, slightly swollen.   FIGURE 5.  Metaphire sanmingensis  sp. nov.A.Spermathecal pores (sp) and genital papillae (gp). B.Male pores (mp) and genital papillae (gp). C.Prostate gland. D.Spermatheca. Internal characters. Septa 8/9–9/10absent, 5/6–7/8 thickened and muscular, 10/11–12/13thicker than those following. Dorsal blood vessel single, continuous onto pharynx; esophageal hearts four pairs in X–XIII, the first pair less developed than the others. Gizzard bucket-like, in VIII–X; intestine swelling in XV; intestinal caeca simple, originating in XXVII and extending forward to XXIV, horn-shaped sac, smooth on dorsal and ventral margins. Male organs: Testis-sacs in X and XI; oval, separated ventro-medially. Seminal vesicles in XI, XII, welldeveloped, both connected ventro-medially with a slim tube. Prostate gland well-developed, coarsely lobate, in XVI–XXI, a small inverted U-shaped duct, stout, in XVIII ( Fig. 5C). No visible accessory glands on XVIII. Female organs: Spermathecae three pairs in VII–IX, about 2.4 mmlong; ampulla heart-shaped, distinctly marked off from its duct, duct as long as half of ampulla; diverticulum about 2.0 mm long, distal ½dilated into rod-shaped seminal chamber; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts ( Fig. 5D).  DNA barcodes.GenBank accession numbers KY774380(C-FJ 201008-02, holotype), KY774381(C- FJ 201101-03, paratype), KY774382(C-AH201610-04, paratype), KY774383(C-AH201609-03, paratype), KY774384(C-AH201610-03, paratype).   Remarks.The new species keys to the  Metaphire houlleti-group ( Sims & Easton 1972). This group is diagnosed by three pairs of intersegmental spermathecal pores in 6/7–8/9, male pores on XVIII, bithecate, and post-clitellar genital markings not present in 17/18 and/or 18/19. The specimens were collected from a wide area: six locations in three provinces ( Fujian, Jiangxiand Anhui, China). Despite extensive literature searches, no cosmopolitan species that were a close match were found. However, three Chinese endemic species slightly resemble the new species. They are  Metaphire tschiliensis kokoanus( Chen & Fong, 1975),  Metaphire tschiliensis lanzhouensis( Feng, 1984)and  Metaphire ptychosiphona Qiu & Zhong, 1993. Even though these four species all have three pairs of spermathecal pores in 6/7–8/9 and a pair of small male copulatory pouches, each of the three slightly similar species has its own distinctive characteristics when compared with  M. sanmingensis,  sp. nov.This medium-sized new species normally has papillae in the spermathecal pore region, well-developed prostate glands, and a rod-shaped diverticulum seminal chamber;  M. tschiliensis kokoanushas a different arrangement of spermathecal pore region papillae, and its diverticulum seminal chamber is longer than the main spermathecal axis ( Chen et al.1975);  M. tschiliensis lanzhouensishas a larger body, up to 310 mmlong and 7 mmwide, no genital papillae in the spermathecal pore region, small prostate glands, and a twisted seminal chamber ( Feng 1984);  M. ptychosiphonahas a larger body, up to 295 mmlong and 9 mmwide, no genital papillae in spermathecal pore region, small prostate glands and a twisted seminal chamber ( Qiu & Zhong 1993). 1914265394 08-10-20 China Youxi County 953 26.086111 Sanming City 20 118.41917 One 9 296 2 Fujian Province holotype 1914265395 2010-08-25 J. B. Jiang China One 308 27.786667 Mid-subtropical 20 118.075554 Wuyishan City 9 296 14 Fujian Province paratype 1914265408 2011-07-09 H. W. Feng & X. D. Lei China Jiang 810 25.249722 Meihuashan National Natural Reserve 21 116.83584 Sun 9 296 1 Fujian Province paratype 1914265411 2011-07-13 J. B. Jiang & J. Sun & H. W. Feng & X. D. Lei China 76 28.09389 Mid-subtropical 20 117.01889 Longhu Mountain 9 296 1 Jiangxi Province paratype 1914265397 2013-06-15 J. B. Jiang & L. L. Zhang & Y. Dong & S. Lei China Taipinghu County 146 30.359167 Huangshan City 20 117.93584 9 296 1 Anhui Province paratype 1914265396 2016-05-09 J. B. Jiang & Y. Dong & Y. Zheng China Taipinghu County 120 30.3125 Huangshan City 20 118.02556 Sun 9 296 1 Anhui Province paratype 1914265410 2016-05-09 J. B. Jiang & Y. Dong & Y. Zheng China Taipinghu County 146 30.359167 Huangshan City 20 117.93584 Sun 9 296 1 Anhui Province paratype