A Diminutive New Speciesof DicronocephalusHope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Xizang Zizhiqu (Tibet Autonomous Region), China, with a Distributional Analysis of the Genus Young, Ronald M. The Coleopterists Bulletin 2012 2012-09-30 66 3 203 208 Young Young [175,526,1240,1262] Insecta Cetoniidae Dicronocephalus Animalia Coleoptera 0 203 Arthropoda species diminuata sp. nov.   Type Series.  Holotypemale, allotypefemale, six maleand four female paratypeslabelled “ XIZANG ZIZHIQU( Tibet Autonomous Region): Lingze Co: Lingze 29.51N 96.10E, Famudi,VII-l/ 19-2007, S.Yuntai& A. Dehong, collectors”.  Holotype, allotype, and two male paratypesdeposited in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. Four male and four female paratypesretained in the author’ s collection.   Description. Holotype( Figs. 2–4). Length excluding clypeal extensions 19.5 mm, length including clypeal extensions 25.0 mm, width at anterior humeri 9.0 mm. Head: Frons black in center, tan bordering eyes; clypeus modified into pair of forward directed projections (termed “antlers” in the Asian literature), projection: head ratio 2.5:1; projections with an outwardly directed tooth just past midlength, distal tip bifid. Between projections, front of clypeus modified into an oval, vertical plate covering mouthparts. Pronotum: Widest at midlength, narrowing anteriorly and posteriorly, with tan tomentum; 2 shining black lines directed from front to beyond midlength; raised borders laterally and ventrally. Scutellum: Tan, long, recumbent hairs cover 2/3 of surface. Elytra: Covered with same tan tomentum as pronotum; humeral umbone forms a black, distinctive Y-shaped ridge, posterior umbones shiny black ridges elongated anteriorly. Legs: Femora brown on inner surfaces, meso- and metafemora with tan scales and short, thick hairs on outer surface; protibiae weakly tridentate, black dorsally, brown ventrally; tarsal segments yellow with black distal tips; ratio of protibial length to protarsal length 1.2:1; claws equal in size. Sternites: Abdominal sternites brown, thoracic sternites with tan tomentum as on dorsum, (color partially damaged with what appears to be white glue), long, recumbent hairs on all 3 segments. Parameres: As in Fig. 2.  Allotypefemale ( Fig. 3a). Length 19.0 mm, width at anterior humeri 10.0 mm. Characters like that of male except: Clypeus: Forward directed projections and vertical oval structure covering mouthparts absent, concave front and sharply curved lateral sides form 2 anterolateral points, inner surface covered with coarse, dense punctures. Elytra: Tomentum thinning on disc, suggesting band between humeri on each elytron; underlying color of elytra tan. Legs: Protibia sharply tridentate. Pygidium: Much less bulbous than male, tomentose in anterolateral corners, disc with long, erect hairs. Sternites: Without tomentum, reddish brown except thoracic segments which are black.   Fig. 1.Distribution of  Dicronocephalus. The wide black line marks the border of China. A = West Bengal, India, B = Nepal, C = Sikkim, India, D = Bhutan, E = Bangladesh, F = Assam, India, G = Myanmar, H = Thailand, I = Laos, J = Vietnam, K = Yunnan, China, L = Taiwan, M = Hainan, China, N = Guangxi, China, O = Guangdong, China, P = North Korea, Q = Vladivostok, Russia, R = Jilin, China, S = Shaanxi, China, T = Gansu, China, U = Qinghai, China, V = Xizang Zizhiqu (Tibet Autonomous Region), China, W = Russia.  Paratypes. Length 16–21 mm, width at anterior humeri 8–11 mm. Suite of characters and their variations as in the holotypeand allotype.   Etymology.The name of this species refers to its small size compared to some of its continental congeners ( Fig. 3).   Diagnosis.  Dicronocephalus diminuatais distinguished from all other  Dicronocephalusspeciesby the combined characters listed in Table 1and its occurrence in eastern Tibet, with which it occurs sympatrically with  Dicronocephalus dabryi(Auzoux). These two species may be separated by the character states compared in Table 1and especially by their dissimilar metasternal processes ( Fig. 4) and parameres ( Fig. 2).  Dicronocephalus dabryiis distinguished from all other  Dicronocephalusspeciesby the distinct black spot at midlength on the elytra.   Distribution of  Dicronocephalus.The four taxa endemic to Taiwanare  Dicronocephalus shimomuraiKurosawa,  Dicronocephalus uenoiKurosawa,  Dicronocephalus yuiKurosawa, and  Dicronocephalus wallichii bourgoiniPouillaude( Fig. 5). The four other species widely spread across Chinaand southeastern Tibet( Fig. 1) include records from Jilin, Liaoning, Shansi, Gansu, Qinghai, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Hainan, Sichuan (Szechwan), Yunnan, and Xizang (Tibet) (Sakai and Nagai 1998; my collection). The genus extends into the tablelands of southeastern Tibet where it is confirmed at Linzhi at 29.51°N 96.10°Enear one of the headwaters of the Brahmaputra River. The western and northern limits of that extension remain unknown, but there are numerous Tibetan localities waiting to be placed on a distribution map by an investigator conversant in the Sino-Tibetan language.  Dicronocephalusspeciesoccur in the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal( Pouillaude 1914b) and in Sikkim, Assam, and the northern Indian District of Darjiling at 27.02°N 88.20°Nwhich joins the state of Sikkim on its southern border ( Arrow 1925). Although there are no records in the literature,  Dicronocephalusspeciessurely occur in Bhutan. This absence of records in Bhutanis almost certainly due to a lack of collecting efforts rather than beetles. There are no records of Dicronocephalusfrom the lowlands of the Indian subcontinent or Pakistan( Arrow 1925). There are, however, records from central Laosat Thakek ( 17.22°N 104.50°E) along the Mekong River forming the Thai/Laotian border (author’ s collection). There are also records from northern montane Thailand(Sakai and Nagai 1998) and northern Vietnam(Dong Van at 23.21°N 105.23°Eand Bao Lac at 22.58°N 105.40°E( Pouillaude 1914a). Krajic (1998) recorded  Dicronocephalus wallichii wallichiiHopefrom Myanmarand  Dicronocephalus wallichii bowringiPascoefrom Hainan Island (Hainan) in the Gulf of Tonking ( Tonkin). Both of these records appear to be singletons and are subject to confirmation.  Pouillaude (1914a)recorded  Dicronocephalus adamsiPascoeat Chosun, Korea( 40.47°N 124.44°E) and Medvedev (1972)reported the collection of four  D. wallichii bowringiin a forest nursery 40 km(direction not given) from Vladivostok in the then-USSR Maritime Territory. This marks the second-most northern record of a  Dicronocephalusspecies( 43.09°N) at Vladivostok ( Fig. 1); the northern-most record is from Xi-Shan’ ( 43.54°N), Jilin Province, China( Fig. 1). The eastern-most record I have for the genus is Vladivostok at 131.53°E. The Vladivostok record is the first verified occurrence of a species of Goliathini in Russia.   Fig. 2.Parameres of  Dicronocephalus dabryi(left) and  Dicronocephalus diminuata(right).   Fig. 3.  Dicronocephalusspecies.a)  D. diminuata, allotype female, length 19 mm, b)  D. diminuata, holotype male, length including clypeal extensions = 25 mm, c)  D. wallichii bowringi, typically sized male from Yunnan Province, southwestern China, length including clypeal extensions = 38 mm. I hypothesize that the high xerophytic shrub desert of Inner Mongolia effectively limits expan- sion of  Dicronocephalusto the north. As this genus is primarily limited to mountainous areas, I also hypothesize it is limited to the south by the dramatic geological/topographical fall away of Southeast Asia from the Himalayan massif to the tropical southern lowlands and, finally, seacoast. This genus, though not particularly speciose, is marked by a broad range. From western Nepalto Vladivostok is about 2,250 km, and from central Laosto Vladivostok is about 1,580 km. In sumary,  Dicronocephalusthrives within the latitude/longitude limits noted below and as shown in Fig. 1.  East: 131.53°E Vladivostok, Russia  West: 80.58°E Silgarhi-Doti, west Nepal  North: 43.54°N China: Jilin Prov: Xi-Shan  South: 17.22°N Thaktek, Laos on the Mekong Riverborder of Laos/ Thailand   Fig. 4.Metasternal projections of  Dicronocephalus diminuata(left) and  Dicronocephalus dabryi(right). a = metasternal projection, b = mesofemur, c = mesotrochanter.  Distribution Records.Distribution records for each species are detailed below. When known, latitude and longitude values are included. Authorities   Table 1.Differential character states in  Dicronocephalus dabryiand  Dicronocephalus diminuata.   Dicronocephalus dabryi Dicronocephalus diminuata 1. Elytral color wine red with 2 black dots near midlength 1. Elytral color tan without black dots near midlength 2. Tarsal segments black 2. Tarsal segments yellow-brown with black apices 3. Broad longitudinal pronotal bands reach posterior border 3. Narrow longitudinal pronotal bands not reaching posterior border 4. Metasternal process between mesocoxae flat ( Fig. 4) 4. Metasternal process between mesocoxae cone-shaped ( Fig. 4) are given for localities reported in the literature. Double slashes (//) separate localities. Chinese Provinces are composed of counties. Acronyms for sources of specimens are as follows: BPBM Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii BMNH British Museum Natural History, London, UK BMNHA British Museum Natural History, G. J. Arrow Collection, London, UK MNHN Muséum national d’ Histoire naturelle, Paris, France MNHNO Muséum national d’ Histoire naturelle, Oberthur Collection, Paris, France RMYC Ronald M. Young Collection, Cody, Wyoming    Dicronocephalus adamsiPascoe.   CHINA:Chung King [ Chongqing]// Daba Shan// Emei Han Yuan Co.: Wu He Shi, Jinfo Shan// Gansu Prov: Keng Xiang Co.: Tangtien// Gansu Province:   Fig. 5.Heads of  Dicronocephalusspecies.a)  D. wallichii wallichii(northern Thailand), b)  D. wallichii wallichii(northern Vietnam, Mt. Tarn Dao), c)  D. wallichii bowringi(Sichuan), d)  D. wallichii bourgoini(Taiwan), e)  D. bieti(Yunnan), f)  D. dabryi(Shaanxi), g)  D. adamsi(Shaanxi, Sichuan), h)  D. shimomurai(Taiwan), i)  D. yui yui(central Taiwan), j)  D. yui cheniKurosawa(southern Taiwan), k)  D. uenoi uenoiKurosawa(southern Taiwan), l)  D. uenoi katoiKurosawa(central Taiwan). Min-Shan, Su Tchuen// Guizhou Province: Meitan Co.: Yanzing// Hpoung-Syou-Ouen// Jilin Province: Yang City// Mt. Chang Bai Shan// Mt. Pong Shan ( Pouillaude 1914a; BMNH; MNHNO); Sichuan: Mt. Jinfo-shan// Shanxi: Mt. Zhongtiao (Sagai and Nagai 1998); Xizang (Tibet): Maenia (Moenia)// Siao-Lou-Lou Chen// Se-Pin-lou- Chan// Su-Tchuen// Siao-Lou// Ta-Chien// Ta- Tsien-Lou// Ta-Tong-Kio// Shangzou County: Sha ha Zhi// Youyang Co.// Ya-Tcheou ( Legrand 2005; MNHN); Linzhi Co.: Famudi// Liaoning Province: Mt. Wulong (RMYC).  VIETNAM:Dong Van ( ca. 23.21°N 105.23°E)// NW of Bao Lac ( 23.21°N 105.40°E) (RMYC).  KOREA:Chosun at Hpoung-Syou Ouen ( 40.47°N 125.45°E) (RMYC); Sinan Co.: Mt. Ginfu Shan// Mt. Hua Wenhuan// Moupin (Bao Xing)// Phot// Ta Tsien Lou.    Dicronocephalus bietiPouillaude. CHINA:Tsekou// Oui-Sy ( Pouillaude 1914a)// YunnanProv: Xishan ( 43.54°N 127.20°E)// Kunmin ( 23.04°N 102.41°E( Pouillaude 1914a, 1914b). This species was considered a synonym of  D. dabryiby Pouillaude (1914a).    Dicronocephalus dabryi(Auzoux). CHINA:Han Keou (Hankou)// Mou Pin// Siro-Lou//Su- Tchuen//Ta-Tsien-nan ( Pouillaude 1914b); Xizang( Tibet): Siao-chen// SePin -Lou-Chan// Siao-Lou// Su-Tchuan// Tatto// Yen-Kalo ( LeGrand 2005, BMNH, MNHNO).    Dicronocephalus diminuataYoung.   CHINA: Xizang( Tibet): Linzhi Co: Linzhi( 29.51°N 96.10°E) ( BPBM; RMYC).    Dicronocephalus shimomuraiKurosawa. TAIWAN:Kao-Hsiung ( Kurosawa 1986); Taoyuan, Palin (Sakai and Nagai 1998);  Hualien: Lo-Sau( RMYC); Tao-Yuan-Hsieng ( 25.00°N 120.54°E( Kurosawa 1986).    Dicronocephalus uenoi uenoiKurosawa. TAIWAN:Fen-chi-hu ( Kurosawa 1968)    Dicronocephalus uenoi katoiKurosawa.   TAIWAN:Puli, Nant’ ou ( 23.54°N 120.42°E)// nr. Mt.Kantozanand environs of Masha// Banta-sha ( Kurosawa 1968)    Dicronocephalus wallichii bourgoiniPouillaude. TAIWAN: Kaohsiung// Kosempo// Liukuei// Kenting// Kachsuing// Kew-shan// Tar-yuan// Pintung ( Pouillaude 1914b; Kurosawa 1968; Sakai and Nagai 1998; RMYC).    Dicronocephalus wallichii bowringiPascoe.   CHINA: Guangxi Province: Guilin( 25.21°N   110.11°E)// Hainan ( 19.00°N 109.30°E)// Sichuan: Mt. Emeishan// Yunnan Province: Funing(  32.05°N 108.08°E(Sakai and Nagai 1998; RMYC).  RUSSIA: Maritime Territory, Vladivostok( 43.09°N 131.53°E) ( Medvedev 1972).  VIETNAM:(no specific record).  TAIWAN:(no specific record).  THAILAND: Muang Chi Rai( 19.56°N 99.51°E)// Wiang Pa Pao( 19.21°N 99.29°E) (Sakai and Nagai 1998).    Dicronocephalus wallichii wallichiiHope. CHINA: Guangdong Province: Shilong ( 23.05°N 113.50°E).  INDIA: Assam State// British Bootan// Chirra Boongee// Darjiling ( 27.02°N 88.20°E)// Kurseong// Maria-Basti// Maghdaya State: Khasi Hills District ( Arrow 1925; Kurosawa 1968); Sikkim: Gantok (BMNHA).  THAILAND: Chiang Mai( 18.48°N 98.59°E)// Chiang Rai( 19.56°N 99.51°E)// Wiang Pa Pao ( 19.21°N 99.29°E) (RMYC).  VIETNAM:Sapa, Vinh Phu, Mt Tarn Dao (Sakai and Nagai 1998).    Dicronocephalus yui yuiKurosawa: TAIWAN:Puli ( Kurosawa 1968).    Dicronocephalus yui cheniKurosawa. TAIWAN:Tongtze//Koo-Hsiung ( Kurosawa 1986)// Kaohsiung, Liukuei (Sakai and Nagai 1998). S. Yuntai & A. Dehong 29.51 Lingze 736 96.1 Lingze Co 0 203 2 1 1 Xizang holotype Hawaii 0 203 4 1 1 Hawaii holotype [707,1089,1501,1522] Russia Vladivostok 131.53 2 205 1 [707,1130,1527,1548] Nepal Silgarhi-Doti 80.58 2 205 1 [707,1145,1554,1575] China 43.54 Xi-Shan Prov 2 205 1 Jilin [707,1031,1581,1602] Laos 17.22 Thaktek 2 205 1 Laos Mekong River 2 205 1 China Emei Han Yuan Co. Emei Han Yuan Co. 3 206 1 Chongqing China Keng Xiang Co. Keng Xiang Co. 3 206 1 Gansu BPBM, RMYC China 29.51 Linzhi 736 96.1 Linzhi Co 4 207 1 Xizang RMYC Taiwan 25.0 Lo-Sau 749 120.54 4 207 1 Hualien Taiwan 23.54 Mt. Kantozan 753 120.42 4 207 1 [198,659,1708,1729] China 25.21 Guilin 4 207 1 Guangxi Sichuan 19.0 Yunnan Province 764 109.3 Mt. Emeishan 4 207 1 RMYC Russia Territory 19.21 Muang Chi Rai 763 99.29 Vladivostok 4 207 1 Primorskiy