Simpsonichthys ghisolfii Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae). Wilson J. E. M. Costa Zootaxa 2007 1669 1 134 4XG4Y urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6AD55C3-00C6-4E4E-A1D2-683A0D0B4A05 Rivulidae Simpsonichthys CoL Animalia Simpsonichthys ghisolfii Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen 1996:18 Cyprinodontiformes 104 Chordata species ghisolfii  (Figs. 65-66)   Simpsonichthys ghisolfiiCosta, Cyrino & Nielsen, 1996: 18 (  type locality: Guanambi [rio das Rasdrainage, rio SaoFrancisco basin], Bahia, Brazil[ 14°15’15.6”S 42°46’55.6”W; altitude 555 m]; holotype:  MZUSP49403).  Material examined   Brazil: Estado da Bahia, rio das Rasdrainage, rio SaoFrancisco basin:  MZUSP49403, holotype, 47.1 mm SL;  MZUSP49404, 1 paratype;  UFRJ3526, 2 paratypes;  UFRJ3527, 2 paratypes(c&s);  UFRJ3808, 1 (c&s); Guanambi; A. L. F. Cyrino, D. Nielsen, J. C. Cruz & A. C. de Luca,  27 Jan. 1996.   UFRJ4768, 4; idem; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  11 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ4849, 10; idem; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  4 May 1999.   UFRJ6066, 6;  UFRJ6067, 2; Guanambi, road to Caitite; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove & B. B. Costa,  13 Jan. 2005.   UFRJ6073, 12;  UFRJ6075, 1; 5 km Nfrom  Pindai; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove & B. B. Costa,  16 Jan. 2005.  Diagnosis Similar to S. mediopapillatus, and distinguished from all other species of the S. antenorigroup, in having a long (vs. short) urogenital papilla in males, zigzag shaped bars on caudal peduncle in males (vs. bars straight or slightly curved), and a distinctive narrow subdistal bright yellowish orange stripe on anal fin in males (vs. never a similar color pattern). Distinguished from S. mediopapillatusby the presence of minute contact organs on anteroventral portion of flank of males (vs. contact organs absent) and absence of median neuromast on posterior rostral series (vs. presence).  Description Morphometric data appear in Table 6. Largest specimen examined 72.8 mm SL. Dorsal profile nearly straight on head, convex from nape to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Eye positioned on dorsolateral portion of side of head. Snout blunt. Body deep, compressed, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin bases. Urogenital papilla cylindrical and long in males, pocket-shaped in females. Tip of dorsal fin pointed in males, rounded to slightly pointed in females; tip of anal fin pointed in males, rounded in females. Tip of dorsal and anal fins with filamentous rays in males, tips reaching vertical through posterior portion of caudal fin. Caudal fin subtruncate in males, round in females. Pectoral fins elliptical. Posterior margin of pectoral fins reaching vertical between base of 5th and 7th anal-fin rays in males, and between base of 1st and 5th anal-fin rays in females. Tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 3rd or 4th anal-fin ray in males and between base of 1st and 3rd anal-fin rays in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsalfin origin in vertical between base of 2nd and 4th anal-fin rays in males, and between base of 3rd and 5th anal-fins ray in females; dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of vertebrae 7 and 8 in males, and neural spines of vertebrae11 and 12 in females. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 7 and 9 in males, and pleural ribs of vertebrae 9 and 10 in females. Dorsal-fin rays 20-25 in males, 16-20 in females; anal-fin rays 21-24 in males, 19-24 in females; caudal-fin rays 23-25; pectoral-fin rays 12-13; pelvic-fin rays 6. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; no scales anterior to H-scale; two or three supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 27-29; transverse series of scales 12-13; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. One to three minute contact organs on anteroventral portion of flanks in males. Small papillate contact organs on inner surface of dorsalmost ray of pectoral fins in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 14-17, parietal 2-4, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 2 + 19-25, preorbital 3, otic 2, post-otic 2-3, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1-2, preopercular16-19, mandibular 12-14, lateral mandibular 4-7, paramandibular 1. One neuromast on each scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base.  Basihyalsubtriangular, width about 75-95% of length; basihyal cartilage about 15-20% of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 5-6. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 4 + 11-12. Vomerine teeth absent. Dermosphenotic absent. Ventral process of posttemporal long. Total vertebrae29-30.  FIGURE 65. Simpsonichthys ghisolfii, male, UFRJ 4849, topotype, 50.5 mm SL; Brazil: Bahia: Guanambi.  FIGURE 66. Simpsonichthys ghisolfii, female, UFRJ 4849, topotype, 32.9 mm SL; Brazil: Bahia: Guanambi. Coloration Males. Sides of body light bluish gray, with white dots and 14-19 approximately straight faint gray bars, more conspicuous on caudal peduncle.,Opercular region pale greenish blue. Iris light yellow, with dark purplish gray bar. Dorsal fin yellow, sometimes dark purplish pink on distal portion, with white dots; dorsal-fin filaments black. Anal fin greenish yellow, with bluish white dots; often subdistal zone yellowish orange, light bluespot near fin tip; usually black distal stripe, sometimes gray or stripe inconspicuous in life; anal-fin filaments black. Caudal fin dark yellow, with white dots; blue line on posterior margin of caudal fin. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins yellow, with black tip. Females. Sides of body light gray, with 16-18 dark gray bars; venter pale golden; 2-6 rounded black blotches on anterocentral portion of flank; 1-17 irregularly arranged rounded black blotches on caudal peduncle. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Iris light yellow, with gray bar. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint, longitudinally elongated gray spots; small, iridescent blue spot on posterior portion of anal fin close to caudal peduncle. Paired fins hyaline.  Distribution Rio das Rasdrainage, rio SaoFrancisco basin, Estado da Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 1).  Habitat Temporary pools in the Caatinga. 923889065 MZUSP Brazil -14.2543335 type locality: Guanambi [rio das Ras drainage, rio Sao Francisco basin]; altitude 555 m -42.782112 MZUSP 49403 Bahia holotype 923889060 1996-01-27 MZUSP, UFRJ A. L. F. Cyrino, D. Nielsen, J. C. Cruz, A. C. de Luca Brazil Guanambi (rio das Ras drainage, rio Sao Francisco basin) MZUSP 49403, MZUSP 49404, UFRJ 3526, UFRJ 3527, UFRJ 3808 Estado da Bahia holotype and 5 paratypes (except for UFRJ 3808) 923889059 1999-02-11 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil Guanambi (rio das Ras drainage, rio Sao Francisco basin) UFRJ 4768 Estado da Bahia 923889053 1999-05-04 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil Guanambi (rio das Ras drainage, rio Sao Francisco basin) UFRJ 4849 Estado da Bahia 923889056 2005-01-13 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, B. B. Costa Brazil Guanambi, road to Caitite UFRJ 6066, UFRJ 6067 Estado da Bahia 923889041 2005-01-16 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, B. B. Costa Brazil Pindai 5 km N UFRJ 6073, UFRJ 6075 Estado da Bahia