Simpsonichthys flagellatus
Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae).
Wilson J. E. M. Costa
Zootaxa
2007
1669
1
134
6Z3J6
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B2D4D4E-8BDF-4D3A-A8AE-74BD05B73BA0
Rivulidae
Simpsonichthys
CoL
Animalia
Simpsonichthys flagellatus Costa 2003:46
Cyprinodontiformes
110
Chordata
species
flagellatus
(Figs. 69)
Simpsonichthys flagellatusCosta, 2003: 46 ( type locality: temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Estado da Bahia, Brazil, 13°15’43.2”S 43°31’37.2”W, altitude 449 m; holotype: MZUSP40129).
Material examined Brazil: Estado da Bahia, rio SaoFrancisco basin: MCP28578, holotype, male, 42.2 mm SL; UFRJ4788, 54 paratypes; MCP28579, 5 paratypes; temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, 13°15’43.2”S 43°31’37.2”W; altitude 449 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 13 Feb. 1999. UFRJ4881, 10 paratypes(c&s); UFRJ4861, 67; same locality; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 4 May 1999. UFRJ4874, 93; UFRJ5352, 10 (c&s); temporary pool near Volta das Pedras; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 4 May 1999. UFRJ4854, 43; temporary pool about 20 km N of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 5 May 1999. UFRJ4786, 11; UFRJ4790, 19; temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 25 km S of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 14 Feb. 1999. UFRJ4785, 13; temporary pool near Paratinga, 71.5 km N of Bom Jesus da Lapa; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 14 Feb. 1999. UFRJ4783, 9; temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 22 km S of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 14 Feb. 1999. UFRJ4851, 7; temporary pool near Paratinga; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 4 May 1999. UFRJ4853, 3; temporary pool about 19 km N of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 5 May 1999. UFRJ5425, 3; Correntina; D. Nielsen & A. Carletto, Jan. 2002. UFRJ6045, 7; 48.5 km Sof Bom Jesus da Lapa; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 12 Feb. 1999. Estado de Minas Gerais: UFRJ4789, 45; UFRJ4787, 96; UFRJ5353, 10 (c&s); temporary pool near Travessao, 24 km N of SaoFrancisco; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 9 Feb. 1999. UFRJ3804, 6; UFRJ4499, 2 (c&s); temporary pool 3 km N of Travessao; D. T. B. Nielsen, A. L. F. Cyrino, J. L. Cruz & A. Luca, 27 Jan. 1996. UFRJ2125, 4 (c&s); UFRJ 4500, 2 (c&s); UFRJ144, 22; Januaria, close to left bank of rio SaoFrancisco; G. C. Brasil, 12 Feb. 1990. UFRJ2092, 6; temporary pool in Januaria; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 8 Feb. 1994. UFRJ4782, 14; temporary pool 11 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 9 Feb. 1999. UFRJ2094, 9; UFRJ4564, 2 (c&s); MNHN1997-0049, 3; MCZ138937, 4; UMMZ2094, 6; temporary pool 25 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 8 Feb. 1994. UFRJ2091, 1; temporary pool 20 km N of Manga; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 8 Feb. 1994. UFRJ4780, 4; temporary pool 1 km E of Gado Bravo; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 10 Feb. 1999. UFRJ2090, 9; temporary pool 1 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 8 Feb. 1994. UFRJ4784, 17; temporary pool 10 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 9 Feb. 1999. UFRJ4781, 10; temporary pool 2 km W from Gado Bravo; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 10 Feb. 1999. MNRJ16067, 64; Mocambinho, Manga; D. F. Moraes, L. O. Alvarenga & C. Rico, 1990. UFRJ6072, 3; 14 km from Guanambi, road to Malhada; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove & B. B. Costa, 13 Jan. 2005.
FIGURE 69. Simpsonichthys flagellatus, male, UFRJ 4788, paratype, 44.7 mm SL; Brazil: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Lapa.
Diagnosis Similar to S. flavicaudatusand S. janaubensis, and distinguished from remaining species of the S. antenorigroup in possessing iridescent dots on anal fin restricted to posterior portion of fin in males (vs. on the whole fin), anterior portion of anal fin pink and posterior portion yellow in males (vs. dark bluish gray in S. antenoriand entirely yellow in S. ghisolfii, S. mediopapillatus, S. macaubensis, and S. igneus), and a distal gray stripe on anal fin in males (vs. black distal stripe). Differs from S. flavicaudatusby having pronounced pectoral-fin contact organs in males (vs. minute), dorsal profile of head concave (vs. nearly straight), and by the presence of elongated brilliant white spots on basal portion of dorsal fin in males, to form short bars (vs. round brilliant spots); differs from S. janaubensisin having longer anal-fin base in males (39.0-45.2% SL vs. 34.4-38.4% SL), body depth in combined sexes 37.0-42.7% SL (vs. 30.7-38.4% SL), caudal-peduncle depth in combined sexes 13.4-16.6% SL (vs. 11.7-14.3% SL) and elongated light blue spots restricted to anterior portion of dorsal-fin base in males (vs. along entire dorsal-fin base).
Description Morphometric data appear in Table 6. Largest specimen examined 65.4 mm SL. Dorsal profile concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body deep, compressed, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin bases. Eye positioned on dorsolateral portion of head side. Snout blunt. Urogenital papilla cylindrical and short in males, pocket-shaped in females. Tip of dorsal fin pointed in males, rounded to slightly pointed in females; tip of anal fin pointed in males, rounded in females. Tip of dorsal and anal fins with long filamentous rays in males, tips reaching beyond distal border of caudal fin. Caudal fin subtruncate in males, round in females. Pectoral fins elliptical. Posterior margin of pectoral fins reaching vertical between base of 5th and 7th anal-fin rays in males, and through base of 2nd or 3rd anal-fin ray in females. Tip of pelvic fins reaching base of 3rd or 4th anal-fin ray in males and base of 1st or 2nd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior or slightly posterior to anal-fin origin in males, slightly posterior in females. Dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of vertebrae 6 and 8 in males, and neural spines of vertebrae 9 and 11 in females. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 6 and 8 in males, and pleural ribs of vertebrae 8 and 10 in females. Dorsalfin rays 20-26 in males, 13-19 in females; anal-fin rays 21-25 in males, 18-22 in females; caudal-fin rays 23-26; pectoral-fin rays 12-13; pelvic-fin rays 6. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; one row of scales anterior to H-scale; three supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 28-31; transverse series of scales 11-14; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Minute contact organ on each scale of anteroventral portion of flank in males, sometimes inconspicuous. Prominent contact organs on inner surface of three dorsalmost rays of pectoral fin in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 14-18, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 2 + 19-24, preorbital 3, otic 2, post-otic 4, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 14-18, mandibular 14, lateral mandibular 6, paramandibular 1. One neuromast on each scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, width about 70-90% of length; basihyal cartilage about 20% of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 7-9. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 4 + 11-12. Vomerine teeth absent. Dermosphenotic absent. Ventral process of posttemporal long. Total vertebrae29-31. Coloration Males. Sides of body pale light golden, with 10-14 dark gray bars, slightly oblique, ventral portion weakly directed anteriorly, ventral portion of bars usually widening towards its ventral tip; sometimes bars ventrally branched. Few light blue dots on dorsal portion of sides of body. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Iris light yellow, with dark purplish gray bar. Dorsal fin purplish pink on anterior portion, yellow on posterior portion; small light blue spots over fin, spots on anterobasal region elongated, forming short stripes alternated with black areas; dorsal-fin filaments dark brownish purple. Anal fin purplish pink on anterior portion, yellow with small white dots on posterior portion, often dots coalescing to form elongated oblique spots; pale gray distal stripe; anal-fin filaments black. Caudal fin yellow, with light blue dots and metallic light blue line on posterior edge of fin. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins pink. Females. Sides of body light gray, with 10-12 dark gray bars; venter pale golden; 1-4 rounded black blotches on anterocentral portion of flanks, sometimes absent; 2-7 irregularly arranged rounded black blotches on caudal peduncle, sometimes absent. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Iris light yellow, with gray bar. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint, longitudinally elongated gray spots; small, iridescent blue spot on posterior portion of anal fin close to caudal peduncle. Paired fins hyaline.
Distribution Middle rio SaoFrancisco basin, Bahia and Minas Gerais states, Brazil (Fig. 1).
Habitat Temporary pools in the Caatinga.
923889044
MZUSP
Brazil
-13.262
type locality: temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, altitude 449 m
-43.527
MZUSP 40129
Estado da Bahia
holotype
923889058
1999-02-13
MCP, UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo
Brazil
-13.262
temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa (rio Sao Francisco basin); altitude 449 m
-43.527
MCP 28578, UFRJ 4788, MCP 28579
Estado da Bahia
holotype, paratypes
923889033
1999-05-04
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
-13.262
temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa (rio Sao Francisco basin); altitude 449 m
-43.527
UFRJ 4881, UFRJ 4861
Estado da Bahia
10 paratypes (UFRJ 4881)
923889035
1999-05-04
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool near Volta das Pedras
UFRJ 4874, UFRJ 5352
Estado da Bahia
923889023
1999-05-05
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool about 20 km N of Ibotirama
UFRJ 4854
Estado da Bahia
923889022
1999-02-14
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 25 km S of Ibotirama
UFRJ 4786, UFRJ 4790
Estado da Bahia
923889040
1999-02-14
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool near Paratinga, 71.5 km N of Bom Jesus da Lapa
UFRJ 4785
Estado da Bahia
923889034
1999-02-14
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 22 km S of Ibotirama
UFRJ 4783
Estado da Bahia
923889029
1999-05-04
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool near Paratinga
UFRJ 4851
Estado da Bahia
923889031
1999-05-05
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool about 19 km N of Ibotirama
UFRJ 4853
Estado da Bahia
923889030
2002-01
UFRJ
D. Nielsen, A. Carletto
Brazil
Correntina
UFRJ 5425
Estado da Bahia
923889017
1999-02-12
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
Bom Jesus da Lapa
48.5 km S
UFRJ 6045
Estado da Bahia
923889028
1999-02-09
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool near Travessao, 24 km N of Sao Francisco
UFRJ 4789, UFRJ 4787, UFRJ 5353
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889043
1996-01-27
UFRJ
D. T. B. Nielsen, A. L. F. Cyrino, J. L. Cruz, A. Luca
Brazil
temporary pool 3 km N of Travessao
UFRJ 3804, UFRJ 4499
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889036
1990-02-12
UFRJ
G. C. Brasil
Brazil
Januaria, close to left bank of rio Sao Francisco
UFRJ 2125, UFRJ 4500, UFRJ 144
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889068
1994-02-08
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha
Brazil
temporary pool in Januaria
UFRJ 2092
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889049
1999-02-09
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool 11 km N of Itacarambi
UFRJ 4782
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889074
1994-02-08
UFRJ, MNHN, MCZ, UMMZ
W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha
Brazil
temporary pool 25 km N of Itacarambi
UFRJ 2094, UFRJ 4564, MNHN 1997, MCZ 138937, UMMZ 2094
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889051
1994-02-08
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha
Brazil
temporary pool 20 km N of Manga
UFRJ 2091
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889042
1999-02-10
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool 1 km E of Gado Bravo
UFRJ 4780
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889057
1994-02-08
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha
Brazil
temporary pool 1 km N of Itacarambi
UFRJ 2090
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889062
1999-02-09
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool 10 km N of Itacarambi
UFRJ 4784
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889064
1999-02-10
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo
Brazil
temporary pool 2 km W from Gado Bravo
UFRJ 4781
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889069
1990
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes, L. O. Alvarenga, C. Rico
Brazil
Mocambinho, Manga
MNRJ 16067
Estado de Minas Gerais
923889075
2005-01-13
UFRJ
W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, B. B. Costa
Brazil
14 km from Guanambi, road to Malhada
UFRJ 6072
Estado de Minas Gerais