Simpsonichthys flagellatus Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae). Wilson J. E. M. Costa Zootaxa 2007 1669 1 134 6Z3J6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B2D4D4E-8BDF-4D3A-A8AE-74BD05B73BA0 Rivulidae Simpsonichthys CoL Animalia Simpsonichthys flagellatus Costa 2003:46 Cyprinodontiformes 110 Chordata species flagellatus  (Figs. 69)   Simpsonichthys flagellatusCosta, 2003: 46 (  type locality: temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Estado da Bahia, Brazil, 13°15’43.2”S 43°31’37.2”W, altitude 449 m; holotype:  MZUSP40129).  Material examined   Brazil: Estado da Bahia, rio SaoFrancisco basin:  MCP28578, holotype, male, 42.2 mm SL;  UFRJ4788, 54 paratypes;  MCP28579, 5 paratypes; temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, 13°15’43.2”S 43°31’37.2”W; altitude 449 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  13 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ4881, 10 paratypes(c&s);  UFRJ4861, 67; same locality; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  4 May 1999.   UFRJ4874, 93;  UFRJ5352, 10 (c&s); temporary pool near Volta das Pedras; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  4 May 1999.   UFRJ4854, 43; temporary pool about 20 km N of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  5 May 1999.   UFRJ4786, 11;  UFRJ4790, 19; temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 25 km S of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  14 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ4785, 13; temporary pool near Paratinga, 71.5 km N of Bom Jesus da Lapa; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  14 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ4783, 9; temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 22 km S of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  14 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ4851, 7; temporary pool near Paratinga; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  4 May 1999.   UFRJ4853, 3; temporary pool about 19 km N of Ibotirama; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  5 May 1999.   UFRJ5425, 3; Correntina; D. Nielsen & A. Carletto,  Jan. 2002.   UFRJ6045, 7; 48.5 km Sof Bom Jesus da Lapa; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  12 Feb. 1999.  Estado de Minas Gerais:  UFRJ4789, 45;  UFRJ4787, 96;  UFRJ5353, 10 (c&s); temporary pool near Travessao, 24 km N of SaoFrancisco; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  9 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ3804, 6;  UFRJ4499, 2 (c&s); temporary pool 3 km N of Travessao; D. T. B. Nielsen, A. L. F. Cyrino, J. L. Cruz & A. Luca,  27 Jan. 1996.   UFRJ2125, 4 (c&s);  UFRJ 4500, 2 (c&s);  UFRJ144, 22;  Januaria, close to left bank of rio SaoFrancisco; G. C. Brasil,  12 Feb. 1990.   UFRJ2092, 6; temporary pool in Januaria; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha,  8 Feb. 1994.   UFRJ4782, 14; temporary pool 11 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  9 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ2094, 9;  UFRJ4564, 2 (c&s);  MNHN1997-0049, 3;  MCZ138937, 4;  UMMZ2094, 6; temporary pool 25 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha,  8 Feb. 1994.   UFRJ2091, 1; temporary pool 20 km N of Manga; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha,  8 Feb. 1994.   UFRJ4780, 4; temporary pool 1 km E of Gado Bravo; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  10 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ2090, 9; temporary pool 1 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha,  8 Feb. 1994.   UFRJ4784, 17; temporary pool 10 km N of Itacarambi; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  9 Feb. 1999.   UFRJ4781, 10; temporary pool 2 km W from Gado Bravo; W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo,  10 Feb. 1999.   MNRJ16067, 64; Mocambinho, Manga; D. F. Moraes, L. O. Alvarenga & C. Rico, 1990.   UFRJ6072, 3; 14 km from Guanambi, road to Malhada; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove & B. B. Costa,  13 Jan. 2005.   FIGURE 69. Simpsonichthys flagellatus, male, UFRJ 4788, paratype, 44.7 mm SL; Brazil: Bahia: Bom Jesus da Lapa.  Diagnosis Similar to S. flavicaudatusand S. janaubensis, and distinguished from remaining species of the S. antenorigroup in possessing iridescent dots on anal fin restricted to posterior portion of fin in males (vs. on the whole fin), anterior portion of anal fin pink and posterior portion yellow in males (vs. dark bluish gray in S. antenoriand entirely yellow in S. ghisolfii, S. mediopapillatus, S. macaubensis, and S. igneus), and a distal gray stripe on anal fin in males (vs. black distal stripe). Differs from S. flavicaudatusby having pronounced pectoral-fin contact organs in males (vs. minute), dorsal profile of head concave (vs. nearly straight), and by the presence of elongated brilliant white spots on basal portion of dorsal fin in males, to form short bars (vs. round brilliant spots); differs from S. janaubensisin having longer anal-fin base in males (39.0-45.2% SL vs. 34.4-38.4% SL), body depth in combined sexes 37.0-42.7% SL (vs. 30.7-38.4% SL), caudal-peduncle depth in combined sexes 13.4-16.6% SL (vs. 11.7-14.3% SL) and elongated light blue spots restricted to anterior portion of dorsal-fin base in males (vs. along entire dorsal-fin base).   Description Morphometric data appear in Table 6. Largest specimen examined 65.4 mm SL. Dorsal profile concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body deep, compressed, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin bases. Eye positioned on dorsolateral portion of head side. Snout blunt. Urogenital papilla cylindrical and short in males, pocket-shaped in females. Tip of dorsal fin pointed in males, rounded to slightly pointed in females; tip of anal fin pointed in males, rounded in females. Tip of dorsal and anal fins with long filamentous rays in males, tips reaching beyond distal border of caudal fin. Caudal fin subtruncate in males, round in females. Pectoral fins elliptical. Posterior margin of pectoral fins reaching vertical between base of 5th and 7th anal-fin rays in males, and through base of 2nd or 3rd anal-fin ray in females. Tip of pelvic fins reaching base of 3rd or 4th anal-fin ray in males and base of 1st or 2nd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior or slightly posterior to anal-fin origin in males, slightly posterior in females. Dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of vertebrae 6 and 8 in males, and neural spines of vertebrae 9 and 11 in females. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 6 and 8 in males, and pleural ribs of vertebrae 8 and 10 in females. Dorsalfin rays 20-26 in males, 13-19 in females; anal-fin rays 21-25 in males, 18-22 in females; caudal-fin rays 23-26; pectoral-fin rays 12-13; pelvic-fin rays 6. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; one row of scales anterior to H-scale; three supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 28-31; transverse series of scales 11-14; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Minute contact organ on each scale of anteroventral portion of flank in males, sometimes inconspicuous. Prominent contact organs on inner surface of three dorsalmost rays of pectoral fin in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 14-18, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 2 + 19-24, preorbital 3, otic 2, post-otic 4, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 14-18, mandibular 14, lateral mandibular 6, paramandibular 1. One neuromast on each scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, width about 70-90% of length; basihyal cartilage about 20% of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 7-9. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 4 + 11-12. Vomerine teeth absent. Dermosphenotic absent. Ventral process of posttemporal long. Total vertebrae29-31. Coloration Males. Sides of body pale light golden, with 10-14 dark gray bars, slightly oblique, ventral portion weakly directed anteriorly, ventral portion of bars usually widening towards its ventral tip; sometimes bars ventrally branched. Few light blue dots on dorsal portion of sides of body. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Iris light yellow, with dark purplish gray bar. Dorsal fin purplish pink on anterior portion, yellow on posterior portion; small light blue spots over fin, spots on anterobasal region elongated, forming short stripes alternated with black areas; dorsal-fin filaments dark brownish purple. Anal fin purplish pink on anterior portion, yellow with small white dots on posterior portion, often dots coalescing to form elongated oblique spots; pale gray distal stripe; anal-fin filaments black. Caudal fin yellow, with light blue dots and metallic light blue line on posterior edge of fin. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins pink. Females. Sides of body light gray, with 10-12 dark gray bars; venter pale golden; 1-4 rounded black blotches on anterocentral portion of flanks, sometimes absent; 2-7 irregularly arranged rounded black blotches on caudal peduncle, sometimes absent. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Iris light yellow, with gray bar. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint, longitudinally elongated gray spots; small, iridescent blue spot on posterior portion of anal fin close to caudal peduncle. Paired fins hyaline.   Distribution Middle rio SaoFrancisco basin, Bahia and Minas Gerais states, Brazil (Fig. 1).  Habitat Temporary pools in the Caatinga. 923889044 MZUSP Brazil -13.262 type locality: temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa, altitude 449 m -43.527 MZUSP 40129 Estado da Bahia holotype 923889058 1999-02-13 MCP, UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo & E. Araujo Brazil -13.262 temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa (rio Sao Francisco basin); altitude 449 m -43.527 MCP 28578, UFRJ 4788, MCP 28579 Estado da Bahia holotype, paratypes 923889033 1999-05-04 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil -13.262 temporary pool 12 km W of Bom Jesus da Lapa (rio Sao Francisco basin); altitude 449 m -43.527 UFRJ 4881, UFRJ 4861 Estado da Bahia 10 paratypes (UFRJ 4881) 923889035 1999-05-04 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool near Volta das Pedras UFRJ 4874, UFRJ 5352 Estado da Bahia 923889023 1999-05-05 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool about 20 km N of Ibotirama UFRJ 4854 Estado da Bahia 923889022 1999-02-14 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 25 km S of Ibotirama UFRJ 4786, UFRJ 4790 Estado da Bahia 923889040 1999-02-14 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool near Paratinga, 71.5 km N of Bom Jesus da Lapa UFRJ 4785 Estado da Bahia 923889034 1999-02-14 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool near Volta das Pedras, 22 km S of Ibotirama UFRJ 4783 Estado da Bahia 923889029 1999-05-04 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool near Paratinga UFRJ 4851 Estado da Bahia 923889031 1999-05-05 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. L. H. Bacellar, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool about 19 km N of Ibotirama UFRJ 4853 Estado da Bahia 923889030 2002-01 UFRJ D. Nielsen, A. Carletto Brazil Correntina UFRJ 5425 Estado da Bahia 923889017 1999-02-12 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil Bom Jesus da Lapa 48.5 km S UFRJ 6045 Estado da Bahia 923889028 1999-02-09 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool near Travessao, 24 km N of Sao Francisco UFRJ 4789, UFRJ 4787, UFRJ 5353 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889043 1996-01-27 UFRJ D. T. B. Nielsen, A. L. F. Cyrino, J. L. Cruz, A. Luca Brazil temporary pool 3 km N of Travessao UFRJ 3804, UFRJ 4499 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889036 1990-02-12 UFRJ G. C. Brasil Brazil Januaria, close to left bank of rio Sao Francisco UFRJ 2125, UFRJ 4500, UFRJ 144 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889068 1994-02-08 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha Brazil temporary pool in Januaria UFRJ 2092 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889049 1999-02-09 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool 11 km N of Itacarambi UFRJ 4782 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889074 1994-02-08 UFRJ, MNHN, MCZ, UMMZ W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha Brazil temporary pool 25 km N of Itacarambi UFRJ 2094, UFRJ 4564, MNHN 1997, MCZ 138937, UMMZ 2094 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889051 1994-02-08 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha Brazil temporary pool 20 km N of Manga UFRJ 2091 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889042 1999-02-10 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool 1 km E of Gado Bravo UFRJ 4780 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889057 1994-02-08 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, C. Campinha Brazil temporary pool 1 km N of Itacarambi UFRJ 2090 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889062 1999-02-09 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool 10 km N of Itacarambi UFRJ 4784 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889064 1999-02-10 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, F. Pupo, E. Araujo Brazil temporary pool 2 km W from Gado Bravo UFRJ 4781 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889069 1990 MNRJ D. F. Moraes, L. O. Alvarenga, C. Rico Brazil Mocambinho, Manga MNRJ 16067 Estado de Minas Gerais 923889075 2005-01-13 UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, B. B. Costa Brazil 14 km from Guanambi, road to Malhada UFRJ 6072 Estado de Minas Gerais