A revision of Malagasy species of Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fisher, B. L. Smith, M. A. PLoS ONE 2008 3 1 23 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:235700 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6C072CF-1CA6-40C7-8396-534E91EF7FBB Fisher Fisher Insecta Formicidae Anochetus Animalia Anochetus boltoni Fisher Hymenoptera 3 4 Arthropoda species boltoni sp. nov.  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6C072CF-1CA6-40C7-8396- 534E91EF7FBB Figures: worker 2a,b, 5a; male 2c,d, 8a; map 6a  Type Material:  Holotypeworker, MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina, 14°26'12"S, 049°46'30"E, 450 m, sifted litter, rainforest,  12-15 Nov 2003(coll. B. L. Fisheret al.), comma collection code: BLF08985 pin code: CASENT0104542( CASC).  Paratype. 8 workers with same data as holotypebut pins coded, CASENT0487895,  CASENT0487896,  CASENT0487897,  CASENT0006943. ( BMNH, MCZ, CAS); CO1 Barcode from paratype collection and coded CASENT0487895-D01   Figure 2. Anochetusspp. full face and lateral view. A-B, boltoniworker CASENT0104542. C-D, boltonimale CASENT0063847. E-F, goodmaniworker CASENT0104543. G-H, goodmaniergatoid queen CASENT0454531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g002  Figure 3. Anochetus grandidierifull face and lateral view. A-B, large worker CASENT0497580. C-D, small worker CASENT0033463. E-F, large queen CASENT0041177. G-H, small queen CASENT0498467. I -J, male CASENT0049858. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g003  Worker measurements: maximum and minimum based on all specimens, n= 20, (holotype): HL 1.80-2.08 (1.95), HW 1.61- 1.89 (1.71), CI 87-98 (88), EL 0.33-0.41 (0.36), ML 1.15-1.25 (1.20), MI 59-66 (61), SL 1.83-1.96 (1.84) SI 101-115 (107), WL 2.63-2.89 (2.73), FL 1.97-2.13 (2.03), PW 0.95-1.06 (1.00). Male measurements: maximum and minimum based on n = 2 from Madagascar: HL 0.89-0.91, HW 1.05-1.13, CI 118- 125, EL 0.56-0.62, SL 0.24, SI 21-23, WL 2.20-2.24, FL 1.75-1.80  Worker Diagnosis: Blade of mandible with five teeth and denticles located along distal two thirds of blade's length. Propodeum with short teeth (Fig. 5a). Dorsolateral margin of petiole with long spine (Fig. 5a). In frontal view, petiolar margin deeply U-shaped. Pilosity, sculpture as in Figures 2a,b. Male caste: Dorsolateral margin of petiole with acute spine. The species is most similar to A. goodmani, but can be easily distinguished by its petiole node with a pair of large apical spines.  Distribution and biology. The distribution is limited to collections made between 450 m and 750 m in rainforest in Parc National de Marojejy and 240 m from Ambanitaza near Antalaha (Fig. 4a). It has been collected three times in rotten logs and once in a leaf litter sample. Males have been collected in malaise samples on 20-25 Dec 2004at 488 m in Parc National de Marojejy CO1. The two populations where collections have been made to date are characterized by a deep divergence within the DNA barcode region (Maximum - 8%) (Fig. 15).  Diagnostic barcoding loci. A. boltoni: ATCT-42-45 & RTTAR-66-70  Discussion: Specimens from Ambanitaza differ notably in shape of propodeal spines and length of spines on petiole from those of the type locality. Though these localities are quite close (40 km apart), these character differences are noticeable, and correspond to significant differences in CO1 (34 base pairs) and ITS1. While specimens from each location were invariant within 18S, there is a 7 bp insertion within ITS1 that is characteristic of the Ambanitaza population which is missing from all specimens from Marojejy. Ultimately, more collections need to be made and evaluated in order to test the hypothesis that these populations represent separate species. One important factor to consider in the testing of that hypothesis is reproductive strategy, which is, to our knowledge, through fission. Though the queen caste is not known, based on overall similarity of workers with A. goodmani, it is likely that the queen of boltoniis wingless. Queens have never been collected during the 12 month malaise trap sampling even though males were collected. Species that reproduce by fission may show greater geographic differences in morphology and CO1.   Figure 4. Anochetus madagascarensisfull face and lateral view. A-B, worker CASENT0104547. C-D, queen CASENT0498419. E-F, male CASENT0049282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g004  Figure 5. Anochetusworkers, upper part of petiole from front view. A, boltoniCASENT0104542. B, goodmaniCASENT0104543. C, grandidieri(large form) CASENT0497580. D, madagascarensisCASENT0498309. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g005  Additional material examined for Anochetus boltoni: In addition to the type material, specimens from 4 additional collecting events from the following three localities were examined in this study.  MADAGASCAR: Province Antsiranana: Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35° NE Andapa;  Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa;  Foret Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° Antalaha. This material shows greater variation in number of denticles along blade of mandible, ranging from 5-7, compared to the paratypic material. B.L.Fisher et al. County 15.11.2003 12.11.2003 Anochetus rainforest 1058480277 1w Marojejy 450 Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina CASC pin EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2003-11-12 2003-11-15 2003-11-12 CASC B. L. Fisher Madagascar 450 m 4 5 -14.43667 Andapa 49.775 Parc National de Marojejy 3 4 CASENT 0104542 CASENT0104542 Antsiranana Holotype B.L.Fisher et al. County 15.11.2003 12.11.2003 450 m Anochetus rainforest 1058480218 1w Marojejy 450 Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina CASC pin EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2003-11-12 CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS B. L. Fisher Madagascar -14.43667 Andapa 49.775 4 5 CASENT0487895 CASENT0487895 CASENT0487895-D01 CASENT0487895-D02 CASENT0487895-D03 CASENT0487895-D04 EF610896 EF610894 EF610885 EF610886 Paratype B.L.Fisher et al. County 15.11.2003 12.11.2003 450 m Anochetus rainforest 1058480394 1w Marojejy 450 Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina CASC pin EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2003-11-12 CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS B. L. Fisher Madagascar -14.43667 Andapa 49.775 4 5 CASENT0487896 CASENT0487896 Paratype B.L.Fisher et al. County 15.11.2003 12.11.2003 450 m Anochetus rainforest 1058480362 1w Marojejy 450 Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina CASC pin EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2003-11-12 CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS B. L. Fisher Madagascar -14.43667 Andapa 49.775 4 5 CASENT0487897 CASENT0487897 Paratype B.L.Fisher et al. County 15.11.2003 12.11.2003 450 m Anochetus rainforest 1058480288 1w Marojejy 450 Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina CASC pin EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2003-11-12 CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS B. L. Fisher Madagascar -14.43667 Andapa 49.775 4 5 CASENT0006943 CASENT0006943 Paratype B.L.Fisher et al. County 15.11.2003 12.11.2003 450 m Anochetus rainforest 1058480367 1w Marojejy 450 Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina CASC pin EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2003-11-12 CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS B. L. Fisher Madagascar -14.43667 Andapa 49.775 4 5 CASENT0487895-D01 CASENT0487895-D01 Paratype 1058480300 MADAGASCAR Parc National de Marojejy 5 6 Province Antsiranana 1058480243 MADAGASCAR Parc National de Marojejy 5 6 B.L.Fisher County 00/00/00 27.11.2004 240 m Anochetus rainforest 1058480385 3w Ambanitaza 240 Forêt Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° Antalaha CASC pin EC13 ex rotten log CASC Province Anochetus.MAD02 boltoni State Antsiranana 2004-11-27 CASC B.L.Fisher Madagascar -14.67933 Foret Ambanitaza 50.18367 5 6 CASENT0011443 CASENT0011443 CASENT0011443-D01 CASENT0011443-D02 CASENT0011443-D03 EF610887 EF610888 EF610889