A revision of Malagasy species of Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
Fisher, B. L.
Smith, M. A.
PLoS ONE
2008
3
1
23
urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:235700
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6C072CF-1CA6-40C7-8396-534E91EF7FBB
Fisher
Fisher
Insecta
Formicidae
Anochetus
Animalia
Anochetus boltoni Fisher
Hymenoptera
3
4
Arthropoda
species
boltoni
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6C072CF-1CA6-40C7-8396- 534E91EF7FBB Figures: worker 2a,b, 5a; male 2c,d, 8a; map 6a
Type Material: Holotypeworker, MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina, 14°26'12"S, 049°46'30"E, 450 m, sifted litter, rainforest, 12-15 Nov 2003(coll. B. L. Fisheret al.), comma collection code: BLF08985 pin code: CASENT0104542( CASC). Paratype. 8 workers with same data as holotypebut pins coded, CASENT0487895, CASENT0487896, CASENT0487897, CASENT0006943. ( BMNH, MCZ, CAS); CO1 Barcode from paratype collection and coded CASENT0487895-D01
Figure 2. Anochetusspp. full face and lateral view. A-B, boltoniworker CASENT0104542. C-D, boltonimale CASENT0063847. E-F, goodmaniworker CASENT0104543. G-H, goodmaniergatoid queen CASENT0454531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g002 Figure 3. Anochetus grandidierifull face and lateral view. A-B, large worker CASENT0497580. C-D, small worker CASENT0033463. E-F, large queen CASENT0041177. G-H, small queen CASENT0498467. I -J, male CASENT0049858. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g003
Worker measurements: maximum and minimum based on all specimens, n= 20, (holotype): HL 1.80-2.08 (1.95), HW 1.61- 1.89 (1.71), CI 87-98 (88), EL 0.33-0.41 (0.36), ML 1.15-1.25 (1.20), MI 59-66 (61), SL 1.83-1.96 (1.84) SI 101-115 (107), WL 2.63-2.89 (2.73), FL 1.97-2.13 (2.03), PW 0.95-1.06 (1.00). Male measurements: maximum and minimum based on n = 2 from Madagascar: HL 0.89-0.91, HW 1.05-1.13, CI 118- 125, EL 0.56-0.62, SL 0.24, SI 21-23, WL 2.20-2.24, FL 1.75-1.80
Worker Diagnosis: Blade of mandible with five teeth and denticles located along distal two thirds of blade's length. Propodeum with short teeth (Fig. 5a). Dorsolateral margin of petiole with long spine (Fig. 5a). In frontal view, petiolar margin deeply U-shaped. Pilosity, sculpture as in Figures 2a,b. Male caste: Dorsolateral margin of petiole with acute spine. The species is most similar to A. goodmani, but can be easily distinguished by its petiole node with a pair of large apical spines.
Distribution and biology. The distribution is limited to collections made between 450 m and 750 m in rainforest in Parc National de Marojejy and 240 m from Ambanitaza near Antalaha (Fig. 4a). It has been collected three times in rotten logs and once in a leaf litter sample. Males have been collected in malaise samples on 20-25 Dec 2004at 488 m in Parc National de Marojejy CO1. The two populations where collections have been made to date are characterized by a deep divergence within the DNA barcode region (Maximum - 8%) (Fig. 15).
Diagnostic barcoding loci. A. boltoni: ATCT-42-45 & RTTAR-66-70
Discussion: Specimens from Ambanitaza differ notably in shape of propodeal spines and length of spines on petiole from those of the type locality. Though these localities are quite close (40 km apart), these character differences are noticeable, and correspond to significant differences in CO1 (34 base pairs) and ITS1. While specimens from each location were invariant within 18S, there is a 7 bp insertion within ITS1 that is characteristic of the Ambanitaza population which is missing from all specimens from Marojejy. Ultimately, more collections need to be made and evaluated in order to test the hypothesis that these populations represent separate species. One important factor to consider in the testing of that hypothesis is reproductive strategy, which is, to our knowledge, through fission. Though the queen caste is not known, based on overall similarity of workers with A. goodmani, it is likely that the queen of boltoniis wingless. Queens have never been collected during the 12 month malaise trap sampling even though males were collected. Species that reproduce by fission may show greater geographic differences in morphology and CO1.
Figure 4. Anochetus madagascarensisfull face and lateral view. A-B, worker CASENT0104547. C-D, queen CASENT0498419. E-F, male CASENT0049282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g004 Figure 5. Anochetusworkers, upper part of petiole from front view. A, boltoniCASENT0104542. B, goodmaniCASENT0104543. C, grandidieri(large form) CASENT0497580. D, madagascarensisCASENT0498309. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001787.g005
Additional material examined for Anochetus boltoni: In addition to the type material, specimens from 4 additional collecting events from the following three localities were examined in this study. MADAGASCAR: Province Antsiranana: Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35° NE Andapa; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa; Foret Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° Antalaha. This material shows greater variation in number of denticles along blade of mandible, ranging from 5-7, compared to the paratypic material.
B.L.Fisher et al.
County
15.11.2003
12.11.2003
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480277
1w
Marojejy 450
Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina
CASC
pin
EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2003-11-12
2003-11-15
2003-11-12
CASC
B. L. Fisher
Madagascar
450 m
4
5
-14.43667
Andapa
49.775
Parc National de Marojejy
3
4
CASENT 0104542
CASENT0104542
Antsiranana
Holotype
B.L.Fisher et al.
County
15.11.2003
12.11.2003
450 m
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480218
1w
Marojejy 450
Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina
CASC
pin
EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2003-11-12
CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS
B. L. Fisher
Madagascar
-14.43667
Andapa
49.775
4
5
CASENT0487895
CASENT0487895
CASENT0487895-D01
CASENT0487895-D02
CASENT0487895-D03
CASENT0487895-D04
EF610896
EF610894
EF610885
EF610886
Paratype
B.L.Fisher et al.
County
15.11.2003
12.11.2003
450 m
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480394
1w
Marojejy 450
Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina
CASC
pin
EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2003-11-12
CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS
B. L. Fisher
Madagascar
-14.43667
Andapa
49.775
4
5
CASENT0487896
CASENT0487896
Paratype
B.L.Fisher et al.
County
15.11.2003
12.11.2003
450 m
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480362
1w
Marojejy 450
Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina
CASC
pin
EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2003-11-12
CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS
B. L. Fisher
Madagascar
-14.43667
Andapa
49.775
4
5
CASENT0487897
CASENT0487897
Paratype
B.L.Fisher et al.
County
15.11.2003
12.11.2003
450 m
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480288
1w
Marojejy 450
Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina
CASC
pin
EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2003-11-12
CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS
B. L. Fisher
Madagascar
-14.43667
Andapa
49.775
4
5
CASENT0006943
CASENT0006943
Paratype
B.L.Fisher et al.
County
15.11.2003
12.11.2003
450 m
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480367
1w
Marojejy 450
Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina
CASC
pin
EC19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2003-11-12
CASC, BMNH, MCZ, CAS
B. L. Fisher
Madagascar
-14.43667
Andapa
49.775
4
5
CASENT0487895-D01
CASENT0487895-D01
Paratype
1058480300
MADAGASCAR
Parc National de Marojejy
5
6
Province Antsiranana
1058480243
MADAGASCAR
Parc National de Marojejy
5
6
B.L.Fisher
County
00/00/00
27.11.2004
240 m
Anochetus
rainforest
1058480385
3w
Ambanitaza 240
Forêt Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347° Antalaha
CASC
pin
EC13 ex rotten log
CASC
Province
Anochetus.MAD02
boltoni
State
Antsiranana
2004-11-27
CASC
B.L.Fisher
Madagascar
-14.67933
Foret Ambanitaza
50.18367
5
6
CASENT0011443
CASENT0011443
CASENT0011443-D01
CASENT0011443-D02
CASENT0011443-D03
EF610887
EF610888
EF610889