A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 47QHL 1296292 H. Perrier H. Perrier [498,876,380,408] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 117 117 Tracheophyta species grandifolia    Typus: M ADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Est, Masoala, [ 15°17’S 50°11’E],  300 m,  X.1912,  Perrier de la Bâthie2167(holo-: P[ P00418111]!).   Description  Shrubsto trees to 10 mtall, trunk to 20 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 1-5 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark light brown, smooth to slightly rugose. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales rarely persistent; blades dark green above, lighter below, oblong, 7-23 3 3-8 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base acute to rounded, margin slightly undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen 2-19 mmlong, midrib slightly sunken above, distinctly raised below, secondary veins conspicuous, 7-16 per side, 11-40 mmapart, looping 3-8 mmfrom the margin; petiole medium gray, 8-20 3 1.5-3.5 mm, entirely woody, glabrous. Thyrsesfasciculate, pauciflorous, diffuse; peduncle 5-23 mmlong, densely pubescent; pedicel 7-12 mmlong, densely pubescent; calyx densely pubescent on both sides, lobes triangular, 1.5-2 3 1.5-1.8 mm; corolla purplish, sometimes tinged yellow, subrotate, 4.5-6 mmlong, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, the tube 2-3 mmlong, lobes ovate, apex obtuse; corona absent; stamens 2-2.8 mmlong, anthers obovate, 1.2-1.5 mmlong; pistil 2.5-3 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruiting pedicel8-28 3 1-3 mm; young fruits green, purple when mature, subglobose, 13.5-23.5 3 13-24.5 mm, surface smooth, apex apiculate; dry pericarp 0.4-2.2 mmthick; endocarp crustaceous; seed 10.5-20 3 7.5-14 mm.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia grandifoliaoccurs in low- to high-elevation humid forests from Daraina in the north to Andohahela in the south ( Fig. 19). It produces flowers and fruits throughout the year, with a peak between October and February.   Conservation status With 23 collections representing 21 localities, the assessment indicated an EOO of 104,491 km 2, an AOO of 84 km 2, and 21 subpopulations representing 17 locations, of which 10 occur within protected areas (Andohahela, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Corridor Ambositra-Vondrozo, Loky-Manambato, Makira, Mantadia, Marojejy, Masoala, Ranomafana, and Tsaratanana-Ambohimirahavavy-Corridor Marojejy). Being so widespread and well represented within the network of protected areas,  N. grandifoliais assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.   Notes   Noronhia grandifoliacan be recognized by its large, chartaceous leaf blades, pubescent inflorescences, purplish-yellow flowers that lack a corona, and subglobose, crustaceous fruits subtended by long pedicels.   Additional specimens examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Anjanaharibe-SudRS,  10 kmSW of Befingotra, 14°45’S 49°29’E,  1100-1300 m,  7.IX.1997,  Birkinshawet al. 468( MO, P, TAN);  Daraina, forêt d’Antsahabe, 13°13’08”S 49°33’04”E,  890 m,  2.XII.2004,  Gautier4803( Daraina, G, MO, P, TEF);  Andapa, Marojejy PN, 14°28’57”S 49°38’12”E,  1100-1600 m,  19-24. I.1994,  Malcomberet al. 2701( MO, P, TAN);  Andapa, Ambodisatrana, 14°32’S 49°26’E,  1100-1200 m,  3.VIII.1997,  McPherson17197( K, MO);  Anjanaharibe-SudRS, 14°44’42”S 49°27’42”E,  1185-1335 m,  3.XI.1994,  Ravelonarivo& Rabesonina494( MO, TAN);  ibid. loc., 14°12’S 49°27’E,  1100 m,  13-18.IX.1996,  Ravelonarivoet al. 1034( MO, P, TAN);  Sambava, Andratamarina, Bemanasy, 14°23’54”S 49°50’55”E,  892 m,  23.X.2010,  Ravelonarivo& Raharivelo3568( MO, P, TAN);  Ambatoharanana, [ 14°18’S 49°33’E],  460 m,  9.VII.1963,  Service Forestier21629( MO, TEF).  Prov. Fianarantsoa: RanomafanaPN, Parcelle3, 21°16’06”S 47°25’30”E,  923 m,  8. V.2010, Hong-Wa & Ortiz670( MO, P, TAN); entre Ivohibe RSet Andringitra PN, 22°25’36”S 46°56’18”E,  955 m,  14.XI.1997,  Messmeret al. 573( G, MO, P).  Prov. Mahajanga: Befandriana-Nord, Matsoandakana, Andranomena, forêt d’Anjiabe, 15°08’14”S 49°21’27”E,  1084 m,  12. II.2008,  Ravelonarivoet al. 2798( G, MO, P, TAN).  Prov. Toamasina: Maroantsetra, Anjahana, Ambodivoangy, 15°25’30”S 49°50’50”E,  100 m,  20.VII.2002,  Antilahimena1226( MO, P);  Vinanibe, Andongona, Makira, 15°27’40”S 49°17’46”E,  1153 m,  28.XI.2003,  Antilahimena2420( G, MO);  Analamazaotra RS, 18°49’32”S 48°26’04”E,  941 m,  3. V.2010, Hong-Wa & Ortiz662( MO, TAN);  Masoala Peninsula,  1-3 km Sof Ambanizana, 15°38’S 49°58’E,  0-10 m,  7.XII.1990,  Schatz& Modeste3020( G, MO, P, TAN).  Prov. Toliara: Andohahela, path over Col Antanatanato Iminiminy, 24°44’S 46°47’E,  800 m,  7.XII.1989,  Du Puyet al. MB525( TAN);  Andohahela(parcel 1), Marovoalavo( Ebaketra), 24°38’11”S 46°50’42”E,  16. V.1996,  Randriamampionona1125( G, MO). 4023241372 [454,577,615,641] M 117 117 1 holotype 4023241274 1912-10 P Perrier de la Bathie 300 -15.283334 Masoala 1285 50.183334 Est 117 117 P00418111 1 Toamasina holotype 4023240738 1997-09-07 MO, P, TAN Birkinshaw Madagascar 1200 -14.75 Anjanaharibe-Sud 1287 49.483334 Prov. 118 118 1 Antsiranana 4023240990 2004-12-02 G, MO, P, TEF Gautier & Daraina Madagascar 890 -13.218888 d'Antsahabe 21 49.55111 Daraina 118 118 1 4023240546 1994-01-19 1994-01-24 1994-01-19 I, MO, P, TAN Marojejy PN & Malcomber Madagascar 1350 -14.482499 Andapa 21 49.63667 118 118 1 4023240872 1997-08-03 K, MO McPherson Madagascar 1150 -14.533334 Ambodisatrana 1287 49.433334 Andapa 118 118 1 4023241398 1994-11-03 MO, TAN Ravelonarivo & Rabesonina Madagascar 1260 -14.745 Anjanaharibe-Sud 21 49.461666 118 118 1 4023241517 1996-09-13 1996-09-18 1996-09-13 MO, P, TAN Ravelonarivo Madagascar 1100 -14.2 Anjanaharibe-Sud 1289 49.45 118 118 1 4023241523 2010-10-23 MO, P, TAN Ravelonarivo & Raharivelo Madagascar Sambava 892 -14.398334 Bemanasy 21 49.84861 Andratamarina 118 118 1 4023241363 1963-07-09 MO, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 460 -14.3 Ambatoharanana 1288 49.55 118 118 1 4023241061 2010-05-08 V, MO, P, TAN Ortiz Madagascar Prov. 923 -21.268333 Parcelle 21 47.425003 Ranomafana 118 118 1 Fianarantsoa 4023240501 1997-11-14 G, MO, P Messmer et al. Madagascar 955 -22.426666 21 46.938335 118 118 1 4023240357 2008-02-12 II, G, MO, P, TAN Ravelonarivo Madagascar Prov. 1084 -15.137222 Matsoandakana 21 49.3575 Befandriana-Nord 118 118 1 Mahajanga 4023241416 2002-07-20 MO, P Antilahimena Madagascar Prov. 100 -15.425 Anjahana 21 49.84722 Maroantsetra 118 118 1 Toamasina 4023240841 2003-11-28 G, MO Antilahimena Madagascar Vinanibe 1153 -15.461111 Makira 21 49.296112 Andongona 118 118 1 4023240560 2010-05-03 V, MO, TAN Analamazaotra RS & Ortiz Madagascar 941 -18.825556 21 48.434444 118 118 1 4023240519 1990-12-07 S, G, MO, P, TAN Schatz & Modeste Madagascar 5 -15.633333 Masoala Peninsula 1284 49.966667 118 118 1 4023241152 1989-12-07 TAN Du Puy Madagascar Prov. 800 -24.733334 Col Antanatana 1249 46.783333 Andohahela 118 118 MB525 1 Toliara 4023241488 1996-05-16 V, G, MO Randriamampionona Madagascar Andohahela -24.636389 Ebaketra 21 46.844997 Marovoalavo 118 118 1