A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 8WYR2 Hong-Wa [503,762,378,406] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 97 97 Tracheophyta species disjuncta    Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: DIANA, RNI  No4 Tsaratanana, Antsahamanara, Beangona, 14°02’06”S 48°47’08”E,  1400 m,  28.XI.2000,  Randriaet al. 16(holo-: MO-6615569!; iso-: G[ G00341628]!, K!, P[ P00641023]!, TAN!).   Diagnosis   Noronhia disjunctaHong-Wa can be distinguished from its congeners by its light gray to whitish bark, its ovate leaf blades and its compact inflorescences with red flowers.   Description  Treesto 12 mtall, trunk to 17 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 1.3-2.3 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark light gray to whitish, smooth to somewhat rugose, with scattered lenticels. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades medium green above, lighter below, ovate to broadly elliptic, 8.5-13.5 3 3-5.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base rounded to acute, margin flat to slightly undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen 4-9 mmlong, midrib slightly sunken above, distinctly raised below, secondary veins mostly conspicuous below, 9-13 per side, 11-17 mmapart, looping 2.5-4.5 mmfrom the margin; petiole medium gray, 7-13 3 1.8-2.7 mm, entirely woody, glabrous. Thyrsesgeminate, multiflorous, compact; peduncle 6 mmlong, moderately pubescent; pedicel 4-9 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 1.5 3 1-2 mm; corolla red outside, whitish inside, urceolate, 3-4.5 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 1.5-2.7 mmlong, lobes deltate, apex acute; corona present, 1.5-2.6 mmlong, undivided; stamens 2-2.5 mmlong, anthers obovate, 1.6 mmlong; pistil 2.5-2.6 mmlong, stigma capitate to slightly bilobed. Fruitingpedicel 4-13 3 1-2 mm; young fruits green, black when mature, subglobose to ovoid, 12.9-18.8 3 11.1-14.4 mm, surface smooth, apex flat to rostellate, the rostellum circular, obtuse, with the persistent style; dry pericarp 0.5-1.1 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 7.6-12.2 3 6.4-8.7 mm.   Etymology The specific epithet refers to the somewhat disjunct distribution of this species.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia disjunctaoccurs in mid- to high-elevation humid forests on basement rocks from Tsaratanana and Antalaha, in the north, to Ranomafana, in the south ( Fig. 9). It produces flowers and fruits from November to January.   Conservation status Although  Noronhia disjunctais currently known only from nine collections representing nine localities, it has an EOO of 41,247 km 2, an AOO of 36 km 2, and six subpopulations representing six locations, all of which occur within protected areas (Anjanaharibe-Sud, Marojejy, Ranomafana, Tsaratanana, and Tsaratanana-Ambohi-mirahavavy-Corridor Marojejy). With all the collections made at high elevations within these protected areas, little to no threat is expected to affect this species in the near future. Therefore,  N. disjunctais assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.   Notes   Noronhia disjunctaresembles both  N. humblotiana(H. Perrier)Hong-Wa and  N. mangorensisH. Perrier, but can be distinguished by its thyrsoid inflorescences (vs. fasciculate flowers in both of the other species), smooth (vs. rugose) fruit surface, and flat to rostellate (vs. apiculate) fruit apex. The new species can be recognized by its light gray to whitish bark, ovate leaf blades, and compact inflorescences with red flowers.    Paratypi   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Marojejy PN,  14°28’57”S 49°38’12”E,  1100- 1600 m, 19-24. I .1994,  Malcomberet al. 2701bis( MO, TAN); Andapa, Ambodisatrana,  14°32’S 49°26’E,  1000-1100 m,  2.VIII.1997,  McPherson17165( MO, TAN); Bealampona, Anjanaharibe-Sud RS,  14°44’45”S 49°29’40”E,  890-1041 m,  14.IX.1994,  Ravelonarivoet al. 377( MO, P, TAN); ibid. loc .,  14°43’42”S 49°27’57”E,  1570 m,  1.XII.2003,  Schmidt4377( MO). Prov. Fianarantsoa: RanomafanaPN,  21°15’S 47°27’E,  1100 m,  11-15.XI.1991,  Malcomberet al. 1077( G, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loc .,  21°16’S 47°26’E,  1000-1100 m, 18-31. I .1993,  Malcomberet al. 2034( MO, P); ibid. loc .,  21°15’30”S 47°25’00”E,  950-1150 m, 21. I .1993,  Turk& Randrianasolo255( G, MO, P, TAN). Prov. Mahajanga: Tsaratanana Massif,   1800-2000 m, 11. V .1974,  Gentry11688( MO, P, TAN). 4023240612 [454,1128,613,640] DIANA, RNI Madagascar Typus 97 97 1 Antsiranana 4023240961 2000-11-28 G, K, P, TAN Madagascar No 1400 -14.035001 Antsahamanara 21 48.785557 Tsaratanana 97 97 G00341628, P00641023 1 Antsiranana 4023240514 [454,1063,828,855] Marojejy PN Madagascar Antsiranana 98 98 1 Antsiranana 4023240345 I Madagascar 1350 -14.482499 21 49.63667 98 98 1 4023240643 MO, TAN Malcomber Madagascar Ambodisatrana Andapa 98 98 1 4023240377 1997-08-02 MO, TAN McPherson & Anjanaharibe-Sud RS Madagascar 1050 -14.533334 Bealampona 1287 49.433334 98 98 1 4023241012 1994-09-14 MO, P, TAN Ravelonarivo Madagascar 966 -14.745833 Bealampona 21 49.494446 98 98 1 4023241094 2003-12-01 MO Schmidt Madagascar 1570 -14.7283325 Ranomafana 21 49.465836 Prov. 98 98 1 Fianarantsoa 4023241551 1991-11-11 1991-11-15 1991-11-11 G, MO, P, TAN Malcomber Madagascar 1100 -21.25 Ranomafana 1264 47.45 Prov. 98 98 1 Fianarantsoa 4023241169 [566,1054,1090,1117] I Madagascar 1050 -21.266666 1264 47.433334 98 98 1 4023240769 MO, P Malcomber Madagascar 1050 -21.266666 1264 47.433334 98 98 1 4023241514 [622,1153,1127,1154] I Madagascar 1050 -21.258333 21 47.416668 98 98 1 4023241487 G, MO, P, TAN Turk & Randrianasolo Madagascar Tsaratanana Massif Prov. 98 98 1 Mahajanga 4023241263 V Madagascar 1900 98 98 1 4023240405 [510,934,1201,1228] MO, P, TAN Gentry Madagascar 98 98 1