Tenebrio fossor Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico Bousquet, Yves ZooKeys 2012 2012-11-28 245 1 1722 8LJPW 3CCBEFC8-E735-5862-B75F-6889B606E346 fossor (Linnaeus, 1758) fossor (Linnaeus 1758 Linnaeus 1758 Insecta Carabidae Clivina GBIF Animalia Clivina fossor subsp. fossor Coleoptera 279 280 Arthropoda subSpecies fossor fossor   Tenebrio fossorLinnaeus, 1758: 417. Type locality: "Upsalia [= Uppsala, Sweden]" (original citation). One possible syntype in LSL (Lindroth 1957b: 338).  Distribution. This Palaearctic subspecies is adventive in North America where it is found in the east from Newfoundland (Lindroth 1955a: 45) to northern Minnesota (Petrice et al. 2002: 9), south to northern Pennsylvania (Bradford County, CMNH) and in the west from southwestern British Columbia (Bousquet 1987a: 119) to south-central Saskatchewan (Ronald R. Hooper pers. comm. 2002), south to northwestern Wyoming (Teton County, Foster F. Purrington pers. comm. 2010) and southern Oregon (Nelson and Reynolds 1987: 12). The first inventoried specimen collected in the east was found in 1915 in the Montreal region (Lindroth 1961a: 161) and in the west in 1937 in western Washington (Hatch 1949b: 118). The records from Georgia (Fattig 1949: 14) and Alabama ( Loeding1945: 12) are probably in error; those from "Ohio"(Hamilton 1889b: 93), "Illinois," "Indiana,"and "Idaho"(Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 102) need confirmation.  Records.  FRA: PM CAN: AB, BC, NB, NF, NS (CBI), ON, PE, QC, SK USA: CT, MA, ME, MI, MN, NH, NY, OR, PA, VT, WA, WI, WY [ID, IL, IN, OH] - Adventive  Note. The subspecies  Clivina fossor sachalinicaNakane is found in the Far East and Japan.   Figure 17.  Clivina fossor(Linnaeus). This  Clivinais one of the 62 carabid species accidentally introduced and established in North America and one of 18 that have been introduced independently on the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts. Many of the adventive species reached our borders in ballast used by Europeans to improve the stability of their trade ships on their way to America. Ballast consisted of stones, broken slates, mortar, bricks, rubbish, soil, and sand that were usually dumped along the shore at ports of entry and certainly constituted a good environment for the survival of carabids during ocean voyages.