Augochlora humeralis Agapostemon caeruleus Augochlora sumptuosa bolliana Augochloropsis caerulea Halictus (Augochlora) pattoni Augochloropsis humeralis Augochlora (Augochloropsis) humeralis Augochloropsis caerulea Augochloropsis humeralis Augochloropsis (Paraugochloropsis) sumptuosa A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States Portman, Zachary M. Arduser, Mike Lane, Ian G. Cariveau, Daniel P. ZooKeys 2022 2022-11-18 1130 103 152 325809A4-9F43-55EC-9FC5-06CFB5C1657F (Patton) Portman & Arduser & Lane & Cariveau 2022 Patton 2022 Insecta Halictidae Augochloropsis CoL Animalia Augochloropsis (Paraugochloropsis) humeralis Hymenoptera 0 103 Arthropoda species humeralis stat. nov. Paraugochloropsis   Augochlora humeralisPatton, 1879: 365 ♀♂. Lectotype: ♀ USA, North-western Kansas, 8 Sep 1877 leg. S.W. Williston, on goldenrod [ANSP]. Images examined by ZP and MA. New lectotype designation.(Labels read: "N.W. Kans. / Williston // Augochlora ♀ / humeralis n.s.").  Agapostemon caeruleusAshmead, 1890: 7 ♂ (not ♀) (syn. Sandhouse 1937). Holotype: ♂ USA, Colorado, Denver [USNM ENT 00536769]. Images examined by ZP and MA. Online record: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/320b8ee01-69e8-40bd-ab90-fcb717151953. (Labels read: "Col. // [illegible symbol] Type / No 5516 / U.S.N.M. [red label] // Ashmead / Collection // Collection / Ashmead // Augochlora (Agapostemon) / ♀ coerulea Ash // USNM ENT / 00536769 [yellow label with barcode]").  Augochlora sumptuosa bollianaCockerell, 1909: 31 ♀ (syn. Under Augochloropsis caeruleaby Sandhouse 1937). Images cursorily examined by ZP and MA. New synonym. Syntype(s?): USA, Texas, Lee Co. [USNM Type No. 23306 barcode #: 00536763]. Online record: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/32fdc8c3b-b5b4-4cec-968e-4040825fa92d (Labels read: "Lee Co. / TX. 06 / VI. 0 [illegible symbol] // [red label] Type No. / 23306 / U.S.N.M. // A. sumptuosa / bolliana Ckll / TYPE // USNM ENT / 00536763 [yellow label with barcode]").  Halictus (Augochlora) pattoniVachal, 1903: 132 (proposed replacement name for Augochloropsis humeralisPatton; syn. by Sandhouse 1937).  Augochlora (Augochloropsis) humeralis(in Titus 1901: taxonomy).  Augochloropsis caerulea(in Sandhouse 1937[in part]: key; Lovell 1942: key).  Augochloropsis humeralis(in Dreisbach 1945: key).  Augochloropsis (Paraugochloropsis) sumptuosa(in Mitchell 1960[in part]: key, redescription; Hurd 1979[in part]: catalog; Moure and Hurd 1987[in part]: catalog).  Diagnosis. Both sexes of  Augochloropsis humeraliscan be distinguished from  Augochloropsis metallicaand  Augochloropsis viridulaby multiple characters. The pronotal flange of  Augochloropsis humeralishas the lateral edges approaching 90 degrees (Figs 14D, 16D) whereas, the lateral edges of the pronotal flange in  Augochloropsis metallicaand  Augochloropsis viridulaare obtuse (Figs 14E, F, 16E, F, note they do still have a distinct pronotal flange as well). In addition, the vertex of  Augochloropsis humeralisrises distinctly above the ocelli (Figs 14A, 16A) whereas it does not rise above the ocelli in  Augochloropsis metallicaand  Augochloropsis viridula(Figs 14B, C, 16B, C). Finally, the strongly tessellate and "silky"texture of  Augochloropsis humeralis(Figs 14G, 16G) is distinct in comparison to  Augochloropsis metallicaand  Augochloropsis viridula(Figs 14H, I, 16H, I).   Augochloropsis humeralisis similar in most respects to  Augochloropsis sumptuosa. The females can be separated by the more densely punctate metasomal terga:  Augochloropsis humeralishas the punctures on T1 and T2 close together and separated by about one puncture width (at least over most of the terga), whereas  Augochloropsis sumptuosahas the punctures always well-separated (about 3-5 puncture widths apart). In addition, females of  Augochloropsis sumptuosahave a weak but distinct semicircular carina around the propodeal triangle (Fig. 17D), which  Augochloropsis humeralislacks (Fig. 17A). More work is needed on how to separate the males of  Augochloropsis sumptuosa, but the male of  Augochloropsis humeralisappears to have the median emargination of S4 more acute (Fig. 20C), compared to more rounded truncate in  Augochloropsis sumptuosa(see Mitchell 1960: fig 111 (mislabeled as S5)), though this character is variable and it'snot clear how reliable it is.  Comments. What has previously been called  Augochloropsis sumptuosaby Mitchell (1960)is not a single species but rather a species complex. Therefore, we have reinstated the name  Augochloropsis humeralisPatton for the species occurring in the midwestern United States and retained the name  Augochloropsis sumptuosaSmith for the species occurring in the southeastern United States. The exact extent of the range of  Augochloropsis sumptuosais unclear, and it is not clear to what extent the ranges of  Augochloropsis humeralisand  Augochloropsis sumptuosamay overlap. However, we have so far found no evidence that the two species overlap in range, with  Augochloropsis sumptuosaappearing to be limited to the east coast of the United States and  Augochloropsis humeralisappearing to be limited to the prairie region (Fig. 18). Historic records of  Augochloropsis sumptuosafrom Ohio were found to be misidentified  Augochloropsis metallica. Since the identity of the midwestern species is clear, we have decided to proceed with a formal split; further delineation of the range of  Augochloropsis sumptuosamust be accomplished in future research. Two syntypes of  Augochloropsis humeralis(1 male and 1 female) were located in the ANSP collection, where Sandhouse (1937)reported examining them. Though the specimens are undated and not clearly labeled as type specimens, the labels indicate that they are from the type locality. In addition, the specimens bear labels stating " Augochlora humeralisn.s." and " Augochlora humeralisn.sp.". The combination of the little-used name, the "n. sp.", the type locality, and the fact that Sandhouse (1937)considered these types, makes us confident that these are indeed Patton'ssyntypes. As a result, we have designated the female as the lectotype, making the male a paralectotype. Additional paralectotypes may potentially be present at the Smithsonian, as Titus (1901)states "Mr. Ashmead very kindly examined specimens in the U.S.N.M. of  A. humeralisPatt., marked 'N. W. Kans., Williston'". However, our inquiries to the Smithsonian have received no answer.  Sandhouse (1937)considered the name  Augochloropsis caerulea(Ashmead) to have priority because the name  Augochloropsis humeralisis a secondary homonym in the genus  Halictus. However,  Augochloropsis humeralisis not a secondary homonym in the genus  Augochloropsisand the substitute name is no longer in use, so following IZCN Article 59.3, the name  Augochloropsis humeralisis available and has priority.   Augochlora sumptuosa bollianaCockerell is from Texas and was synonymized with  Augochloropsis sumptuosaby Sandhouse (1937). Based on the online images of one of the syntypes, we are tentatively assigning it as a synonym of  Augochloropsis humeralis, but a more critical evaluation of the specimen, with additional Texas material, should be performed.  Range.   Augochloropsis humeralisoccurs throughout the prairie region, ranging from North Dakota and Minnesota south to New Mexico and Texas, extending to Colorado in the west and Indiana in the east (Fig. 18). Specimens from Indiana Dunes National Park represent the easternmost records.   Figure 17.  Augochloropsisfemale propodea A  Augochloropsis humeralis B  Augochloropsis metallica C  Augochloropsis viridula D  Augochloropsis sumptuosa E  Augochloropsis anonyma F  Augochloropsissp. (likely undescribed species from Eastland, Texas). Scale bars: 1 mm, all images at the same scale.  Biology.   Augochloropsis humeralisis polylectic and nests are associated with deep sand (MA, pers. obs.). The sociality and the specifics of the nesting biology are unknown.  Material examined.  Colorado: Adams Co.:  Denver( 39.8207, -104.8613): 1 ♂[iNat], 29 Aug 2019, @francesco167 leg.;  Douglas Co.: ( 39.3467, -104.7511): 1 ♀[iNat], Jul 2020, @calebcam leg.;  Logan Co.: ( 40.7752, -103.2721): 1 ♂[iNat], 22 Aug 2014, R. Websterleg. Illinois:  Hancock Co.: Warsaw( 40.3427, -91.4493): 1 ♂[iNat], 14 Aug 2016, A. Moorehouseleg.,   Monarda punctata;  Madison Co.: [MASR];  Mason Co.: ( 40.3921, -89.9104): 1 ♀[iNat], 18 Jun 2019, A. Moorehouseleg.,   Asclepiassp.  Indiana: Lake Co.: Indiana DunesNP, Marquette Trail( 41.6111, -87.2365): 1 ♀[IDNP], 19 Jun 2019, McGillleg., blue pan; Indiana DunesNP, Millerwoods ( 41.6057, -87.2644): 1 ♂[IDNP], 12 Sep 2018, McGillleg., white pan; 1 ♀[IDNP], 4 Jun 2019, McGill leg., yellow pan; 1 ♀[IDNP], 23 Jul 2019, McGill leg., yellow pan; Indiana DunesNP, Millerwoods ( 41.6071, -87.2644): 1 ♀[IDNP], 23 Jul 2019, McGillleg., yellow pan;  Newton Co.: Kankakee Sands( 41.0848, -87.402): 1 ♀[iNat], 24 May 2018, D. Lucasleg.;   Porter Co.: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Mnoke Prairie( 41.6185, -87.1012): 1 ♀[IDNP], 29 Jun 2017, J. Villalpandoleg., bee bowl.  Minnesota: Faribault Co.: (43.7, -93.96): 1 ♀[UMSP], 18 Sep 1911;  Fillmore Co.: Pin OakSNA ( 43.79261, -92.21915):  1 ♀[MNDNR], 24 Jul 2017, bowl;  Hennepin Co.: (44.9, -93.4): 1 ♂[UMSP], date unknown;  Norman Co.: Agassiz DunesSNA ( 47.51154, -96.28976):  1 ♂[MNDNR], 24 Aug 2015, bowl;  Sherburne Co.: Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge( 45.46477, -93.67435): 2 ♀[EERC], 15 Aug 2016, E. Evans leg., bowl;  Wabasha Co.: Weaver Dunes( 44.27746, -91.93892): 1 ♀[UMSP], 28 May 2015, M.J. Hatfieldleg.,   Ceanothus herbaceus; Weaver DunesTNC/SNA ( 44.25096, -91.93795):  21 ♀[MNDNR], 6 May 2017, bowl; 15 ♀[MNDNR], 26 Jun 2017, bowl; 8 ♂[MNDNR], 24 Jul 2017, bowl; 3 ♂[MNDNR], 19 Aug 2017, bowl; 1 ♀[MNDNR], 21 Sep 2017, bowl;  Washington Co.: Belwin Conservancy( 44.9241, -92.7931): 1 ♀[EERC], 4 Sep 2015, J. Gardner leg., net,  Solidago nemoralis; Belwin Conservancy( 44.92569, -92.80001): 1 ♀[CRC], 12 Jun 1995, C.C. Reedleg., net,  Penstemon grandifloris; 1 ♀[UMSP], 12 Jun 1995, C.C. Reed leg., net,  P. grandiflorus; 9 ♀[CRC], 15 Jun 1995, C.C. Reed leg., net,  P. grandifloris; 6 ♀[CRC], 16 Jun 1995, C.C. Reed leg., net,  P. grandifloris; 1 ♀ 3 ♂[CRC, UMSP], 15 Aug 1995, C.C. Reed leg., net,  Dalea purpurea; 3 ♀[CRC], 13 Jun 1997, C.C. Reed leg., net,  P. grandifloris; Gray Cloud Dunes(44.79, -92.957): 1 ♀ 4 ♂[UMSP], 9 Jul 1988; Grey Cloud Dunes(44.79, -92.957): 1 ♂[CNBL], 23 Jul 2018, J. Petersenleg., net; Grey Cloud Dunes( 44.7912, -92.9601): 1 ♂[iNat], 14 Sep 2018, A. Birkeyleg.;  Grey Cloud DunesSNA ( 44.79004, -92.95536):  1 ♂[MNDNR], 9 Oct 2018, net,  S. nemoralis; Grey Cloud DunesSNA ( 44.790046, -92.955076):  1 ♂[MNDNR], 31 Jul 2018, net,  D. villosa;  Winona Co.: WhitewaterWMA ( 44.15033, -92.00066):  1 ♀[MNDNR], 6 May 2017, bowl; 1 ♀[MNDNR], 26 Jun 2017, bowl.  Missouri: Clark Co.: [MASR];  Scott Co.: [MASR].  Nebraska: Hooker Co.: [MASR];  Rock Co.: (42.5, -99.8): 1 ♂[iNat], Sep 2018, @allysond leg.;  Thomas Co.: Neb Ntl For, near Halsey, 1 ♂[WRME], 9 Aug 1991, Arduserleg.;  Neb. Ntl For. Nr Whitetailcampground: 1 ♀[WRME], 10 Aug 1991, Arduserleg.,   Helianthus petiolarus.  New Mexico: Chaves Co.: [MASR].  North Dakota: Ransom Co.: ( 46.474534, -97.342645): 1 ♂[iNat], 9 Aug 2021, E. Woodleg ..  Oklahoma: Ellis Co.: [MASR].  South Dakota: Clay Co.: Missouri National Recreation River( 42.76215, -96.9743): 1 ♂[iNat], 7 Jul 2021, @stenthesnake leg.  Texas:  Taylor Co.: (32.32, -99.92): 1 ♀[OSUC], 18 Jun 1952, J.N. Knull, D.J. Knullleg.   Figure 18.Map of specimens or observations examined for this study from the species  Augochloropsis humeralis,  Augochloropsis anonyma, and  Augochloropsis fulgida. 2014-08-22 2020-07 2014-08-22 R. Webster Douglas Co. 40.7752 Logan Co. 6 -103.2721 Denver 3 1 2 2016-08-14 A. Moorehouse Hancock Co. 40.3427 Warsaw 6 -91.4493 1 1 2019-06-18 A. Moorehouse Madison Co. 40.3921 Mason Co. 6 -89.9104 1 1 2019-06-19 McGill Lake Co. 41.6111 Indiana Dunes 6 -87.2365 Indiana 1 1 2018-09-12 McGill 41.6057 Miller 6 -87.2644 Indiana Dunes 1 1 2019-07-23 McGill 41.6071 Miller 6 -87.2644 Indiana Dunes 1 1 2018-05-24 D. Lucas Newton Co. 41.0848 Kankakee Sands 41 -87.402 1 1 2017-06-29 J. Villalpando Porter Co. 41.6185 Mnoke Prairie 6 -87.1012 Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore 1 1 1911-09-18 Faribault Co. 43.79261 Fillmore Co. 1 -92.21915 Minnesota 1 1 2017-07-24 Hennepin Co. 47.51154 Agassiz Dunes 1 -96.28976 Norman Co. 2 1 1 2015-08-24 Sherburne Co. 45.46477 Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge 1 -93.67435 1 1 2015-05-28 M. J. Hatfield Wabasha Co. 44.27746 Weaver Dunes 1 -91.93892 1 1 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 2022-01-01 44.25096 Weaver Dunes 1 -91.93795 1 2017-05-06 2017-09-21 2017-05-06 Washington Co. 44.9241 Belwin Conservancy 6 -92.7931 48 37 11 1995-06-12 C. C. Reed 44.92569 Belwin Conservancy 1 -92.80001 1 1 1988-07-09 2018-07-23 1988-07-09 Grey Cloud Dunes, J. Petersen Gray Cloud Dunes 6 1 5 2018-09-14 A. Birkey 44.7912 Grey Cloud Dunes 6 -92.9601 1 1 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 2022-01-01 44.79004 Grey Cloud Dunes 1 -92.95536 1 2018-10-09 44.790047 Grey Cloud Dunes 1 -92.95508 1 1 2018-07-31 Winona Co. 44.15033 Whitewater 1 -92.00066 1 1 1991-08-09 2018-09 1991-08-09 Missouri, Arduser Clark Co. Nebraska Scott Co. 4 2 2 1991-08-10 Arduser Neb. Ntl For. Nr Whitetail 1 1 2021-08-09 E. Wood Chaves Co. 46.474533 North Dakota 1 -97.34264 New 1 1 Mexico 2021-07-07 Texas Ellis Co. 42.76215 South Dakota 4 -96.9743 Oklahoma 1 1 Mexico 1952-06-18 J. N. Knull, D. J. Knull Taylor Co. Taylor Co. 1 1 Mexico