Simpsonichthys marginatus Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae). Wilson J. E. M. Costa Zootaxa 2007 1669 1 134 6Z3J3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B7CBC310-08DC-4A89-A99C-86C5ACC8F55D Rivulidae Simpsonichthys CoL Animalia Simpsonichthys marginatus Costa & Brasil 1996:94 Cyprinodontiformes 116 Chordata species marginatus  (Figs. 72-73)   Simpsonichthys marginatusCosta & Brasil, 1996: 94 (  type locality: Barro Alto, temporary pool near rio dos Patos, a tributary of rio Maranhao, rio Tocantins basin, Estado de Goias, Brazil[approximately 15°00’S 49°00’W]; holotype:  MNRJ12440).  Material examined   Brazil: Estado de Goias, rio Tocantins drainage, rio Amazonas basin:  MNRJ12440, holotype, male, 23.1 mm SL;  MNRJ12441, 1 paratype;  MZUSP50163, 2 paratypes;  UFRJ3536, 7 paratypes;  UFRJ3537, 4 paratypes(c&s);  UFRJ3922, 1; Barro Alto, temporary pool close to rio dos Patos, rio Maranhaodrainage; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, M. I. Landim & C. L. Moreira, 12-  13 Feb. 1996.   MNRJ18418, 12; pools close to rio dos Patos, Barro Alto; D. F. Moraes & D. Lin,  10 Feb. 1999.  Diagnosis Differs from all congeners in possessing long pelvic fins in larger males, reaching base of 10th anal-fin ray (vs. reaching base of most anterior anal-fin ray). Distinguished from all other species of Hypsolebiasby having flanks dark red, with blue bars anteriorly and vertical rows of blue dots posteriorly in males (vs. never a similar color pattern).   Description Morphometric data appear in Table 7. Largest specimen examined 37.9 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body moderately deep, compressed, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Eye positioned on dorsal portion of side of head. Snout blunt. Urogenital papilla cylindrical and short in males, pocket-shaped in females.  TABLE 7. Morphometric data of species of the Simpsonichthys flammeusgroup.     S. marginatus  S. fasciatus  S. alternatus  males females males females males females  (n = 7) (n = 6) (n = 10) (n = 8) (n = 7) (n = 6)  Standard length (mm) 18.6-37.9 18.8-29.7 16.8-20.0 15.4-16.7 21.1-38.5 19.0-22.7  % of standard length  Body depth 35.1-39.4 33.8-39.3 34.4-37.1 30.3-35.0 33.8-36.9 29.7-35.4  Caudal peduncle depth 14.9-17.0 14.3-16.3 14.5-16.3 13.5-14.5 13.8-16.4 12.8-16.0  Pre-dorsal length 49.8-53.3 59.9-61.6 50.9-56.0 61.4-65.2 50.4-57.3 60.7-64.1  Pre-pelvic length 43.6-49.0 51.3-53.5 46.4-50.8 52.7-56.3 44.2-47.7 51.6-54.0  Length of dorsal-fin base 32.1-39.0 21.5-25.5 31.4-34.7 19.4-22.3 34.1-38.3 21.8-25.2  Length of anal-fin base 31.6-39.4 21.1-24.9 33.5-36.0 21.7-24.9 37.7-40.8 23.3-27.0  Caudal-fin length 45.0-46.7 39.8-40.2 36.3-41.4 35.1-41.3 37.0-37.4 34.0-39.0  Pectoral-fin length 32.5-36.3 31.1-31.4 25.8-28.2 24.1-28.3 25.0-26.5 21.6-23.2  Pelvic-fin length 16.0-25.3 13.5-13.9 8.1-9.8 8.0-10.5 9.0-11.5 9.3-10.8  Head length 31.9-36.5 33.9-35.4 32.5-35.2 34.1-36.7 30.2-32.6 30.9-35.9  % of head length  Head depth 87.6-106.7 85.5-96.1 88.6-96.6 83.6-92.3 94.5-105.0 81.8-93.7  Head width 64.8-71.4 63.9-72.7 61.3-64.9 60.9-64.6 63.4-72.8 63.1-67.6  Snout length 12.6-14.1 11.7-13.5 10.0-12.6 10.8-12.8 12.4-13.8 11.9-12.8  Lower jaw length 17.4-17.7 16.0-16.3 16.9-19.1 14.3-16.6 17.4-18.3 14.3-15.1  Eye diameter 28.6-32.6 26.9-33.1 36.5-39.5 35.8-39.3 30.8-38.4 35.4-38.5  ......continued   TABLE7 (continued)     S. delucai  S. flammeus  S. brunoi  males females males females males females  (n = 4) (n = 4) (n = 8) (n = 5) (n = 5) (n = 5)  Standard length (mm) 19.1-21.4 17.9-19.2 21.8-29.9 18.7-22.8 26.2-29.1 21.0-23.6  % of standard length  Body depth 33.7-35.5 32.5-35.6 34.4-40.3 33.2-35.3 36.1-37.5 34.8-36.4  Caudal peduncle depth 14.9-15.4 14.8-16.2 14.0-15.1 12.6-13.9 14.8-15.2 12.9-13.8  Pre-dorsal length 52.7-53.9 61.6-63.4 43.8-51.1 52.7-59.7 47.0-49.1 57.5-60.3  Pre-pelvic length 47.0-48.3 53.0-53.2 46.5-49.8 48.4-54.1 45.5-47.6 52.4-54.0  Length of dorsal-fin base 32.3-34.2 20.3-22.6 36.6-42.6 22.7-29.9 34.7-38.5 22.0-27.3  Length of anal-fin base 33.3-37.7 23.8-24.7 36.1-39.1 25.4-28.0 34.3-38.3 23.3-26.6  Caudal-fin length 33.5-37.3 35.2-36.3 35.6-39.7 33.6-37.8 32.9-34.5 32.4-36.3  Pectoral-fin length 21.4-24.9 19.3-24.5 24.8-29.7 25.7-26.4 23.9-25.5 24.2-27.2  Pelvic-fin length 7.3-10.9 8.4-10.1 8.5-10.3 9.2-10.2 8.1-9.0 8.7-10.3  Head length 31.6-33.6 32.5-34.2 30.7-31.9 30.7-35.1 30.4-31.5 32.1-33.8  % of head length  Head depth 86.0-94.7 85.3-87.3 91.9-109.0 87.2-91.9 98.6-107.0 88.2-95.2  Head width 59.8-64.1 60.8-64.6 53.1-63.6 56.6-63.2 63.3-66.8 59.7-62.6  Snout length 11.2-12.9 9.2-12.0 11.1-13.4 11.8-12.4 11.7-14.4 10.7-13.6  Lower jaw length 17.8-19.7 15.3-16.3 17.2-18.7 15.1-15.3 15.6-19.5 15.0-17.1  Eye diameter 33.6-34.6 31.9-35.2 30.4-36.2 33.9-37.0 32.5-34.8 33.7-37.0     S. multiradiatus  S. multiradiatus  S. multiradiatus  males females males females males females  (n = 6) (n = 6) (n = 6) (n = 6) (n = 6) (n = 6)  Standard length (mm) 29.7-45.6 24.1-40.6 29.7-45.6 24.1-40.6 29.7-45.6 24.1-40.6  % of standard length  Body depth 36.9-38.0 32.6-38.6 36.9-38.0 32.6-38.6 36.9-38.0 32.6-38.6  Caudal peduncle depth 13.6-15.8 13.1-14.8 13.6-15.8 13.1-14.8 13.6-15.8 13.1-14.8  Pre-dorsal length 42.9-46.9 53.1-56.6 42.9-46.9 53.1-56.6 42.9-46.9 53.1-56.6  Pre-pelvic length 45.0-47.6 48.0-52.6 45.0-47.6 48.0-52.6 45.0-47.6 48.0-52.6  Length of dorsal-fin base 42.9-44.6 25.4-27.7 42.9-44.6 25.4-27.7 42.9-44.6 25.4-27.7  Length of anal-fin base 35.1-37.2 23.6-25.1 35.1-37.2 23.6-25.1 35.1-37.2 23.6-25.1  Caudal-fin length 29.2-34.3 30.3-31.6 29.2-34.3 30.3-31.6 29.2-34.3 30.3-31.6  Pectoral-fin length 21.4-29.3 22.4-25.7 21.4-29.3 22.4-25.7 21.4-29.3 22.4-25.7  Pelvic-fin length 7.6-9.3 9.6-9.8 7.6-9.3 9.6-9.8 7.6-9.3 9.6-9.8  Head length 28.6-31.0 30.4-31.1 28.6-31.0 30.4-31.1 28.6-31.0 30.4-31.1  % of head length  Head depth 100.5-111.2 97.8-106.8 100.5-111.2 97.8-106.8 100.5-111.2 97.8-106.8  Head width 63.9-68.5 60.9-68.1 63.9-68.5 60.9-68.1 63.9-68.5 60.9-68.1  Snout length 11.7-13.2 12.3-13.9 11.7-13.2 12.3-13.9 11.7-13.2 12.3-13.9  Lower jaw length 18.6-19.6 15.9-16.6 18.6-19.6 15.9-16.6 18.6-19.6 15.9-16.6  Eye diameter 28.6-34.4 30.9-34.2 28.6-34.4 30.9-34.2 28.6-34.4 30.9-34.2  Tipof both dorsal and anal fins pointed in males, rounded in females. Tip of both dorsal and anal fins with filamentous rays in males, tip of dorsal-fin filaments reaching vertical posterior to caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins elliptical. Posterior margin of pectoral fins reaching vertical through base of 9th analfin ray in males, and through base of 5th anal-fin ray in females. Tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 3rd and 10th anal-fin ray in males, and between urogenital papilla and base of 6th anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases separated by interspace equal to pelvic-fin base in width. Anal-fin origin on vertical through base of 3rd dorsal-fin ray in males, and through dorsal-fin origin in females. Dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of vertebrae 6 and 7 in males, and neural spines of vertebrae 10 and 11 in females. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 7 and 8 in males, and pleural ribs of vertebrae 9 and 10 in females. Dorsalfin rays 20-22 in males, 15-17 in females; anal-fin rays 21-23 in males, 18-19 in females; caudal-fin rays 24; pectoral-fin rays 13-14; pelvic-fin rays 6.  FIGURE 72. Simpsonichthys marginatus, male, not preserved, about 30 mm SL; Brazil: Goias: Barro Alto.  FIGURE 73. Simpsonichthys marginatus, female, not preserved, about 25 mm SL; Brazil: Goias: Barro Alto. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales medially overlapped; no scale anterior to G-scale; supraorbital scales 2. Longitudinal series of scales 24-26; transverse series of scales 9-10; scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Contact organ on each scale of anteroventral portion of flanks in males. Small papillate contact organs on inner surface of dorsalmost ray of pectoral fins in males.  Cephalicneuromasts: supraorbital 15, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 3 + 23- 24, preorbital 4-5, otic 1-2, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular plus mandibular 30-32, lateral mandibular 8, paramandibular 1. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, width about 55% of length in females, 75% in males; basihyal cartilage about 35% of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 1-3. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 3 + 10-11. Vomerine teeth absent. Dermosphenotic absent. Ventral process of posttemporal short. Total vertebrae 26-27. Coloration Males. Sides of body brownish red, with 7-9 light greenish blue bars, posterior bars interrupted forming vertical rows of small spots.,Dorsal portion of head light purplish brown, scale margin red. Sides of head light purplish brown, metallic green on opercular region. Iris yellow with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins brownish red, with light greenish blue dots; distal margin of dorsal and anal fin dark gray to black, bordered by light greenish blue subdistal stripe. Pelvic fins brownish red, with bright blue edge. Pectoral fins hyaline. Females. Sides of body light brown, with 8-10 gray bars; one or two black blotches on anterocentral portion of flanks. Venter pale yellow. Head light brown, opercular region pale greenish blue. Iris light yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Dorsal and anal fins hyaline, with dark gray spots. Caudal and pelvic fins gray. Pectoral fins hyaline.  Distribution Known only from the type locality region, rio dos Patos floodplains, rio Maranhaodrainage, rio Tocantins basin, Estado de Goias, central Brazil (Fig. 4).  Habitat Temporary pools within Mata de Galeria in the Cerrado. 923888877 MNRJ Brazil -15.0 type locality: Barro Alto, temporary pool near rio dos Patos, a tributary of rio Maranhao, rio Tocantins basin -49.0 MNRJ 12440 Estado de Goias holotype 923888880 1996-02-13 MNRJ, MZUSP, UFRJ W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, M. I. Landim, C. L. Moreira Brazil Barro Alto, temporary pool close to rio dos Patos, rio Maranhao drainage MNRJ 12440, MNRJ 12441, MZUSP 50163, UFRJ 3536, UFRJ 3537, UFRJ 3922 Estado de Goias holotype, paratypes (except for UFRJ 3922) 923888886 1999-02-10 MNRJ D. F. Moraes, D. Lin Brazil pools close to rio dos Patos, Barro Alto MNRJ 18418 Estado de Goias