Bombus friseanus Skorikov, 1933b: 62 Lapidariobombus pyrrhosoma Bischoff, 1936: 10 Bombus pyrosoma Williams 1991: 101 Morawitz, 1890: 349 Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) Williams, Paul H. Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren Byvaltsev, Alexandr Jonghe, Roland De Jaffar, Saleem Japoshvili, George Kahono, Sih Liang, Huan Mei, Maurizio Monfared, Alireza Nidup, Tshering Raina, Rifat Ren, Zongxin Thanoosing, Chawatat Zhao, Yanhui Orr, Michael C. European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-10-02 719 1 120 MFJV 309959 Skorikov, 1933 Skorikov 1933 [591,997,975,1002] Insecta Apidae Bombus Animalia Hymenoptera 60 61 Arthropoda species friseanus   Figs 13, 83–90, 190      Bombus friseanus Skorikov, 1933b: 62.    Lapidariobombus pyrrhosomasubsp. ĥnei  Bischoff, 1936: 10.    Bombus pyrosoma(part) –  Williams 1991: 101(non  Morawitz, 1890: 349).  Our PTP analysis ( Fig. 10) of coalescents in the COI gene within the  rufofasciatus-group supports nine species including  B. friseanus, corroborated by differences in morphology (see the Diagnosis). Females show size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have T2 predominantly black; whereas workers (which are smaller) have T2 yellow or light chocolate brown. Males have the thoracic dorsum and T1–2 extensively yellow and T3–5 extensively orange-red. This species is widespread and abundant, but despite variation in COI barcodes shows little geographical variation in colour pattern. Individuals from near Qianggang in Xizang( 29.998° N, 91.939° E) have less black hair. One worker (ML5) from Maoshan in Sichuan( 31.685° N, 103.899° E) with white bands has been confirmed as this species from a COI sequence. The males have the eye unenlarged relative to the female eye ( Williams et al. 2009).    Diagnosis  Females  Queens medium-sized body length 19–22 mm, workers 10–16 mm. Can usually be distinguished in the Hengduan region by their combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum with yellow bands, side of the thorax yellow, and T3–5 red (cf.  B. tibeticus,  B. qilianensis,  B. miniatus,  B. pyrosoma,  B. tanguticus). From other often similar co-occurring species they can be distinguished by their combination of the hind tibia with the distal hairs entirely black (cf.  B.( Pyrobombus) lepidusSkorikov, 1912) with the mid basitarsus with the distal posterior corner broadly rounded (cf.  B.( Thoracobombus) impetuosusSmith, 1871).   Figs 205–206.Maps of all available global records with all of the specimens examined and confirmed here. 205.  Bombus richardsiellus( Tkalců, 1968). 206.  B. tanguticus Morawitz, 1887. Relief map with hill shading for the region centred on Tibet with (grey lines) borders to national administration as in UN maps. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap ©2014 Esri.  Males Body length 13–15 mm. Can usually be distinguished in the Hengduan region by their combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum with yellow bands, side of the thorax yellow, and T3–7 red. Genitalia ( Fig. 190) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner with two almost equally pronounced adjacent acute teeth (cf. other  rufofasciatus-group species with the possible exceptions of  B. prshewalskyi,  B. pyrosoma); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook ( cf. rufipes-group,  B. simillimus,  lapidarius-group,  sichelii-group,  keriensis-group); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.    Material examined   Holotype   CHINA• ♀(queen), holotypeof  Bombus friseanusSkorikov, 1933by monotypy ( Williams 1991); Sichuan, Songpan; [18]94; M. Berezovskyleg.; ZIN(examined PW).  Material sequenced( 65 specimens)   CHINA–  Sichuan Province• 1 ♀(worker); Maoxian; 31.6853° N, 103.8994° E;  10Aug. 2002; P.Williamsleg.; BOLD seq: 1550E09; PW: ML5•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 3262F02; PW: ML7•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 3263F02; PW: ML199•  1 ♀(worker); Hongyuan; 32.6403° N, 102.3286° E;  4 Aug. 2002; P. Williamsleg.; BOLD seq: 3262F01; PW: ML8•  1 ♀(worker); Haikou; 27.3271° N, 102.4651° E;  19 Aug. 2005; P. Williamsleg.; BOLD seq: 1555G07; PW: ML297• 10 specs; Hongyuan; 32.3282° N, 102.4543° E; 2017; YDseq: DYX48.2, DYX16.1, DYX40.2, DYX7.2, DYX20.1, DYX6.1, DYX7.4, DYX43.1, DYX6.2, DYX7.1; YD: ML428to ML437•  1 ♀(worker); Ganzi county; 31.62916° N, 100.22675° E;  5 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: GZM106001; KIB: ML533•  1 ♀(worker); Hailuogou; 29.93515° N, 101.96387° E;  7 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: GGSL101019; KIB: ML534•  1 ♀(worker); Xinduqiao; 30.06679° N, 101.76088° E;  7 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: XDQM101028; KIB: ML535•  1 ♀(worker); Daofu county; 30.78966° N, 101.30716° E;  5 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: DFM101018; KIB: ML537•  1 ♀(worker); Ganzi county; 31.62916° N, 100.22675° E;  5 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: GZM102003; KIB: ML540•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: GZM101002; KIB: ML541. –   Yunnan Province• 1 ♀(worker); Lijiang; 27.0069° N, 100.1751° E;  26 Jul. 2017; A. Mossleg.; BOLD seq: 1555C10; PW: ML241• 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 1555G06; PW: ML296•  1 ♀(queen); Lijiang; 27.0156° N, 100.1714° E;  1 Aug. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 24; KIB: ML368• 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  6 Sep. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 40; KIB: ML369•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  1 Aug. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 52; KIB: ML370•  1 ♀(queen); same collection data as for preceding;  14 Jun. 2012; Y. Zhaoleg.; KIBseq: 304432147; KIB: ML371•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  26 May 2012; Y. Zhaoleg.; KIBseq: 40241082; KIB: ML372•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  2 Aug. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq:42; KIB ML373•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  26 Jul. 2015; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: 2018045; KIB: ML374•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  22 Aug. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 2018071; KIB: ML375•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  15 Jul. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 2018038; KIB: ML376•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  19 Jul. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 53; KIB: ML377• 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  5 Sep. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 84; KIB: ML378•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding;  1 Sep. 2016; H. Liangleg.; KIBseq: 107; KIB: ML379•  1 ♀(worker); Cangshan; 25.88991° N, 100.02974° E;  14 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: CSL201011; KIB: ML514•  1 ♀(worker); Cangshan; 25.88001° N, 100.02691° E;  14 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: CSL301005; KIB: ML515•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: CSL301016; KIB: ML516•  1 ♀(worker); Cangshan; 25.89461° N, 100.02125° E;  14 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: CSL101008; KIB: ML517•  1 ♀(worker); Baima Snow Mountain; 28.39838° N, 98.99286° E;  18 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: BMXSM301021; KIB: ML518•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: BMXSM301049; KIB: ML519•  6 ♀♀; Baima Snow Mountain; 28.3373° N, 99.0771° E;  14–19 Aug. 2019; M. Orrleg.; IOZseq: 14F2, 14F4, 14F19, OR20, OR24, OR27; IOZ: ML584to ML589. –   Xizang Autonomous Region•  1 ♀(worker); Milashan; 29.85301° N, 92.33378° E;  27 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: MLSM101027; KIB: ML520•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: MLSM101002; KIB: ML521•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: MLSM101034; KIB: ML522•  1 ♀(worker); Ranwu Lake; 29.4849° N, 96.64252° E;  23 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: RWM101017; KIB: ML523•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: RWM101057; KIB: ML524•  1 ♀(worker); same collection data as for preceding; KIBseq: RWM101001; KIB: ML525•  1 ♀(worker); Dongdashan; 29.57184° N, 98.18467° E;  20 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: DDSM303001; KIB: ML526•  1 ♀(worker); Dongdashan; 29.62259° N, 97.89246° E;  20 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: DDSM203003; KIB: ML527•  1 ♀(worker); Sejilashan; 29.64141° N, 94.69818° E;  26 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: SJLSM101009; KIB: ML528•  1 ♀(worker); Dongdashan; 29.69073° N, 98.11641° E;  20 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: DDSH301056; KIB: ML529•  1 ♀(worker); Sejilashan; 29.77619° N, 94.74278° E;  26 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: SJLSL301011; KIB: ML530•  1 ♀(worker); Galonglashan; 29.78346° N, 95.69765° E;  24 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: GLLSM103018; KIB: ML531•  1 ♀(worker); Anjiulashan; 29.9229° N, 96.67203° E;  23 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: AJLSM101004; KIB: ML532•  1 ♀(queen); Yelashan; 30.16394° N, 97.2860° E;  22 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: YLSH101083; KIB: ML536•  1 ♀(worker); Zhujiaolashan; 31.11821° N, 97.01749° E;  2 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: ZJLSM101015; KIB: ML538•  1 ♀(queen); Zonglashan; 31.2922° N, 97.59554° E;  3 Aug. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: ZLSM201011; KIB: ML539• 1 ♂; Galonglashan; 29.82189° N, 95.71101° E;  24 Jul. 2018; Z. Renleg.; KIBseq: GLLSL301020; KIB: ML542•  1 ♀(worker); Xizang; 29.5032° N, 95.8980° E;  8 Aug. 2015; IBK seq: BB12; IOZ: ML582.    Global distribution (Hengduan mountain species) East Asia: CHINA: Xizang, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou. (AMNH, IAR, IOZ, KIB, KIZ, NHMUK, PW, SAC, USNM, YD, ZIN, ZMHB, ZMUM.) The species is widely distributed within the Hengduan region and often one of the most abundant.    Behaviour A colony of this species has been found underground in a coniferous forest at 3300 min Yunnan(ZR unpublished). Food-plant generalists ( Williams et al.2009). Male mate-searching behaviour appears to resemble patrolling of  B. eurythorax(PW pers. obs.). 2867606613 ZIN, PW Songpan & M. Berezovsky China Sichuan 62 63 1 1 Sichuan holotype 2867606429 2002-08-10 PW P. Williams China 31.6853 Maoxian 6 103.8994 62 63 ML5 1 1 Sichuan 2867606323 2002-08-10 PW P. Williams China 31.6853 Maoxian 6 103.8994 62 63 ML7 1 1 Sichuan 2867606435 2002-08-10 PW P. Williams China 31.6853 Maoxian 6 103.8994 62 63 ML199 1 1 Sichuan 2867606564 2002-08-04 PW P. Williams China 32.6403 Hongyuan 6 102.3286 62 63 ML8 1 1 Sichuan 2867606537 2005-08-19 PW P. Williams China 27.3271 Haikou 6 102.4651 62 63 ML297 1 1 Sichuan 2867606325 YD China 32.3282 Hongyuan 6 102.4543 62 63 ML428, ML437 1 Sichuan 2867606478 2018-08-05 KIB Z. Ren China 31.62916 Ganzi county 1 100.22675 62 63 ML533 1 1 Sichuan 2867606449 2018-08-07 KIB Z. Ren China 29.93515 Hailuogou 1 101.96387 62 63 ML534 1 1 Sichuan 2867606486 2018-08-07 KIB Z. Ren China 30.06679 Xinduqiao 1 101.76088 62 63 ML535 1 1 Sichuan 2867606371 2018-08-05 KIB Z. Ren China 30.78966 Daofu county 1 101.30716 62 63 ML537 1 1 Sichuan 2867606442 2018-08-05 KIB Z. Ren China 31.62916 Ganzi county 1 100.22675 62 63 ML540 1 1 Sichuan 2867606544 [363,1395,1263,1290] 2018-08-05 KIB Z. Ren China 31.62916 Ganzi county 1 100.22675 62 63 ML541 1 1 Sichuan 2867606503 2017-07-26 PW A. Moss China 27.0069 Lijiang 6 100.1751 62 63 ML241 1 1 Yunnan 2867606326 2017-07-26 PW A. Moss China 27.0069 Lijiang 6 100.1751 62 63 ML296 1 Yunnan 2867606491 2016-08-01 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML368 1 1 Yunnan 2867606376 2016-09-06 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML369 1 Yunnan 2867606471 2016-08-01 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML370 1 1 Yunnan 2867606340 2012-06-14 KIB Y. Zhao China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML371 1 1 Yunnan 2867606425 2012-05-26 KIB Y. Zhao China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML372 1 1 Yunnan 2867606348 2016-08-02 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML373 1 1 Yunnan 2867606552 2015-07-26 KIB Z. Ren China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML374 1 1 Yunnan 2867606484 2016-08-22 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML375 1 1 Yunnan 2867606492 2016-07-15 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML376 1 1 Yunnan 2867606608 2016-07-19 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML377 1 1 Yunnan 2867606420 2016-09-05 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML378 1 Yunnan 2867606301 2016-09-01 KIB H. Liang China 27.0156 Lijiang 6 100.1714 62 63 ML379 1 1 Yunnan 2867606417 2018-07-14 KIB Z. Ren China 25.88991 Cangshan 1 100.02974 62 63 ML514 1 1 Yunnan 2867606623 2018-07-14 KIB Z. Ren China 25.88001 Cangshan 1 100.02691 62 63 ML515 1 1 Yunnan 2867606369 [366,1398,1896,1923] 2018-07-14 KIB Z. Ren China 25.88001 Cangshan 1 100.02691 62 63 ML516 1 1 Yunnan 2867606605 2018-07-14 KIB Z. Ren China 25.89461 Cangshan 1 100.02125 62 63 ML517 1 1 Yunnan 2867606408 2018-07-18 KIB Z. Ren China 63 64 28.39838 Baima Snow Mountain 1 98.99286 62 63 ML518 1 1 Yunnan 2867606391 2018-07-18 KIB Z. Ren China 28.39838 Baima Snow Mountain 1 98.99286 63 64 ML519 1 1 Yunnan 2867606588 2019-08-14 2019-08-19 2019-08-14 IOZ M. Orr China 28.3373 Baima Snow Mountain 6 99.0771 63 64 ML584, ML589 6 6 Yunnan 2867606365 [323,670,370,396] China Autonomous Region 63 64 1 Xizang 2867606409 2018-07-27 KIB Z. Ren China 29.85301 Milashan 1 92.33378 63 64 ML520 1 1 Xizang 2867606419 2018-07-27 KIB Z. Ren China 29.85301 Milashan 1 92.33378 63 64 ML521 1 1 Xizang 2867606467 2018-07-27 KIB Z. Ren China 29.85301 Milashan 1 92.33378 63 64 ML522 1 1 Xizang 2867606332 2018-07-23 KIB Z. Ren China 29.4849 Ranwu Lake 5 96.64252 63 64 ML523 1 1 Xizang 2867606414 2018-07-23 KIB Z. Ren China 29.4849 Ranwu Lake 5 96.64252 63 64 ML524 1 1 Xizang 2867606461 2018-07-23 KIB Z. Ren China 29.4849 Ranwu Lake 5 96.64252 63 64 ML525 1 1 Xizang 2867606450 2018-07-20 KIB Z. Ren China 29.57184 Dongdashan 1 98.18467 63 64 ML526 1 1 Xizang 2867606529 2018-07-20 KIB Z. Ren China 29.62259 Dongdashan 1 97.89246 63 64 ML527 1 1 Xizang 2867606337 2018-07-26 KIB Z. Ren China 29.64141 Sejilashan 1 94.69818 63 64 ML528 1 1 Xizang 2867606387 2018-07-20 KIB Z. Ren China 29.69073 Dongdashan 1 98.11641 63 64 ML529 1 1 Xizang 2867606470 2018-07-26 KIB Z. Ren China 29.77619 Sejilashan 1 94.74278 63 64 ML530 1 1 Xizang 2867606609 2018-07-24 KIB Z. Ren China 29.78346 Galonglashan 1 95.69765 63 64 ML531 1 1 Xizang 2867606487 2018-07-23 KIB Z. Ren China 29.9229 Anjiulashan 5 96.67203 63 64 ML532 1 1 Xizang 2867606520 2018-07-22 KIB Z. Ren China 30.16394 Yelashan 4 97.286 63 64 ML536 1 1 Xizang 2867606416 2018-08-02 KIB Z. Ren China 31.11821 Zhujiaolashan 1 97.01749 63 64 ML538 1 1 Xizang 2867606341 2018-08-03 KIB Z. Ren China 31.2922 Zonglashan 5 97.59554 63 64 ML539 1 1 Xizang 2867606499 2018-07-24 KIB Z. Ren China 29.82189 Galonglashan 1 95.71101 63 64 ML542 1 Xizang 2867606534 2015-08-08 IOZ China 29.5032 Xizang 6 95.898 63 64 ML582 1 1 Xizang