Heterometrus longimanus Takashima, 1945: 90 Heterometrus longimanus longimanus Heterometrus spinifer Pointer, 1991: 24 Robert, 1999: 19 Heterometrus ( Heterometrus ) spinifer Prendini, 2000: 44 Heterometrus ( Heterometrus ) spinifer spinifer Heterometrus ( Heterometrus ) spinifer solitarius Couzijn, 1981: 93 Vachon, 1982: 78 Palamnaeus laevigatus Thorell, 1876b: 221 Palamnaeus oatesii Pocock, 1900: 98 Schultze, 1927: 375 Heterometrus oatesi Takashima, 1945: 94 A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae) Kovařík, František Euscorpius 2004 2004-12-31 15 15 1 60 6LSWR (Ehrenberg, 1828) Ehrenberg 1828 [252,741,414,440] Arachnida Scorpionidae Heterometrus Animalia Scorpiones 41 40 Arthropoda species spinifer  ( Fig. 27)   Buthus( Heterometrus) spiniferEhrenbergin Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828: pl.1, fig. 2; Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829: 352; Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1831: 3; Moritz & Fischer, 1980: 324; Braunwalder & Fet, 1998: 32.   Buthus spinifer: C. L. Koch, 1837: 36.   Scorpio( Buthus) spinifer: Gervais, 1844a: 210; Gervais, 1844b: 60.   Palamnaeus spinifer: Pocock, 1892: 40;? Pocock, 1894: 96; Pocock, 1894: 316.     Heterometrus longimanus: Kraepelin, 1895: 34 (in part); Kraepelin, 1899: 111(in part);? Kopstein, 1921: 129;  Takashima, 1945: 90(in part).   Heterometrus longimanus longimanus: Giltay, 1931: 3 (in part).    Heterometrus spinifer: Karsch, 1879: 16; Ausserer, 1880: 466; Mahsberg, 1990: 271;  Pointer, 1991: 24; Delfosse, 1998: 30; Dupré, Lambert & Gérard, 1998: 63;  Robert, 1999: 19.    Heterometrus( Heterometrus) spinifer: Couzijn, 1978: 330; Kovařík, 1998: 137 (in part); Fet, 2000: 438 (in part);  Prendini, 2000: 44.   Heterometrus( Heterometrus) spinifer spinifer(in part): Couzijn, 1981: 89; Kovařík, 1995: 203; Le Xuan Hue et al., 1998: 7; Fet, 2000: 438.    Heterometrus( Heterometrus) spinifer solitariusCouzijn, 1981: 93;  Vachon, 1982: 78; Kovařík, 1998: 137; Fet, 2000: 438.  =   Palamnaeus laevigatus Thorell, 1876b: 221; Keyserling, 1885: 39 (syn. by Kraepelin, 1895: 34).  =   Palamnaeus oatesii Pocock, 1900: 98; Flower, 1901: 34;  Schultze, 1927: 375(syn. by Couzijn, 1981: 89).    Heterometrus oatesi: Kraepelin, 1913: 167; Giltay, 1931: 4;  Takashima, 1945: 94.    TYPE LOCALITY AND   TYPE REPOSITORY. India(probably incorrect); ZMHB.   TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED.  India, 1♂(im.) ( holotype), ZMHB No. 67. ?, 3♂ 2♀ 1 juv.without locality labels, probably syntypesof  Palamnaeus oatesii Pocock, 1900, BMNH.   OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED.  Malaysia, Malay Penninsula, Pulo Aov, Endan River, Johare,  30.VI.1902, 1im., CASC;  Pahang,  400 ft., 1F, leg. Nevnay, BMNH  No.1932.6.14.2 and No.79;  1.X.1936, 1♂, Terry Taylor, CASC;  Perak,  10–20 kmNe of Tapah,  152–610 m, 1983, 1♂, CASC;  Pahang, Hutan Lipur Menchali,  16 kmS of Merchang,  1VI.1983, 1♀, leg. E. S. Ross, CASC;  16 kmA of Kuala Rompin, cca   50 m.,  16.VII.1989, 2juvs., leg. E. S. Ross, CASC;  Pulo Kundur, Rhioarchipelago ( S.E.end of Malay Penninsula), 19.VI., 1im., CASC;  Gulf, Goh Samui Island, w. side, coconut groves w. and s. of Aangtong Village, 9º31'15 N– 99º56'22Eto 9º31'15 N– 99º56'37E,  8.XI.1957, 1♂ 1♀1im., leg. H. A. Fehlmanand R. R. Rofen, CASC;  Tung Song,   75 m.,  4.VII.1962, 2juvs., leg. E. S. Ross& D. Cavagnaro, CASC;  Genting Highland,  1100–1700 m,  II–X.1990, 1♂, leg. P. Butti, MZUF;  Cameron Highlands, 1992, 2♀ 1juv., FKCP;  Pahang, Johor Endau-Rompinn. park,  100 m, Salendang,  28.II–12.III.1995, 1♀, leg. M. Štrba& R. Hergovits, FKCP; NE, Jelawang Jungle, near Dabong,  29.VI.1995, 1♀, leg. S. Bečvář, FKCP;  Cameron Highlands, Ringlet, 1000 mnm,  VII.2000, 1♂, leg. A. Burda, FKCP.   Thailand, 50 milesN. Bangkok(? error locality),  1.XII.1968, 1♂, CASC;  Phang Nga,  18.XI.1984, 1juv.after 3 rdecdysis, leg. P. Beron& St. Andreev, SOFM  No.102; Phang Nga,  19.XI.1984, 2juvs. after 2 ndecdysis, leg. P. Beron& St. Andreev, SOFM  No.100; south, Betong,  IV.1993, 1♂, leg. J. Strnad, FKCP.   DIAGNOSIS. Adults 100–135 mmlong. Base color of adults uniformly black, only manus and telson may be reddish brown. In juveniles base color reddish brown, telson may be yellow. Pectinal teeth number 15–19 inboth sexes. Sexual dimorphism in proportions of pedipalps not noticeable. Chela slightly lobiform, its adult length to width ratio 2.4–2.6 in both sexes. Much of manus smooth, with smooth carinae forming irregular reticulation. Patella of pedipalp with pronounced internal tubercle. Carapace with disc smooth and margins granulate. Telson hirsute, elongate, vesicle longer than aculeus.   COMMENTS. Couzijn (1981: 91) stated that the holotypecould not be found and had apparently been destroyed during WW2. For that reason he designated a neotype. However, the holotypewas not destroyed, it is preserved at ZMHB and I have been able to borrow it for study. It is an immature male. In accordance with ICZN Article 75.8, Couzijn’s neotypedesignation is invalid. Since it is impossible to ascertain that the BMNH specimens of  Palamnaeus oatesii Pocock, 1900really are syntypes, I do not designate a lectotype. The specimens were apparently first kept dry and then transferred to alcohol with the determination label  Palamnaeus oatesii, but without any other data. No other specimens so labeled could found at BMNH. The distribution of this species can be verified only for Malaysiaand southern Thailand. Other records are misidentifications that concern primarily  H. cimrmani sp. n.and  H. petersii.    DISTRIBUTION.? Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand,? Vietnam( Couzijn, 1981: 89–90). Thetype locality „ India“ must be regarded as erroneous. Couzijn(1981: 93) lists one female(the holotypeof  H. spinifer solitariusCouzijn, 1981) from Sri Lanka, but also that record should be regarded as doubtful. India India 41 40 1 holotype ZMHB India India 41 40 1 1 holotype BMNH India 41 40 6 2 3 syntype 1902-06-30 CASC Malaysia Malay Penninsula Endan River Pulo Aov 41 40 1 [344,801,1830,1853] BMNH Nevnay Malaysia 122 Pahang 41 40 1 Pahang 1936-10-01 CASC Terry Taylor Malaysia No. No. 41 40 1 1 Pahang [364,1054,199,1915] CASC Malaysia 381 10 - 20 km Ne of Tapah 41 40 1 1 Perak 1983-06-01 CASC E. S. Ross Malaysia Hutan Lipur Menchali 41 40 1 1 Pahang 1989-07-16 CASC E. S. Ross Malaysia 50 Kuala Rompin 41 40 50 Pahang CASC SCHULTZE Malaysia Rhio Pulo Kundur 41 40 1 Pahang 1957-11-08 CASC H. A. Fehlman & R. R. Rofen Malaysia Gulf 9.520833 Aangtong Village 21 99.94361 Goh Samui Island 41 40 2 1 1 Pahang 1962-07-04 CASC E. S. Ross & D. Cavagnaro Malaysia 75 Tung Song 41 40 75 Pahang 1990-02 1990-10-31 1990-02 MZUF P. Butti Malaysia 1400 Genting Highland 41 40 1 1 Pahang [929,1436,567,590] FKCP Malaysia Cameron Highlands 41 40 3 2 Pahang 1995-02-28 1995-03-12 1995-02-28 FKCP M. Strba & R. Hergovits Malaysia 100 Salendang Endau-Rompin 41 40 1 1 Pahang 1995-06-29 FKCP S. Becvar Malaysia Dabong Jelawang Jungle 41 40 1 1 Pahang 2000-07 FKCP A. Burda Malaysia Ringlet Cameron Highlands 41 40 1 1 Pahang 1968-12-01 CASC Thailand Bangkok 41 40 1 1 Krung Thep Mahanakhon 1984-11-18 SOFM P. Beron Thailand St. Andreev 41 40 1 Phangnga 1984-11-19 SOFM P. Beron Thailand St. Andreev No. 41 40 1 Phangnga 1993-04 FKCP J. Strnad Thailand Betong No. 41 40 1 1 Phangnga Cambodia, Malaysia Couzijn Couzijn The 43 42 1 1 holotype