New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis Stiller, Michael Zootaxa 2012 2012-10-08 3509 1 35 54 8RP64 Stiller, 2012 [151,484,1614,1640] Insecta Cicadellidae Xerophytacolus Animalia Hemiptera 11 46 Arthropoda species claviverpus sp. nov.  ( Figs 8–11, 77–97)   Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft biramous with subbasal spine; shaft and spine about right-angled to basal part of shaft ( Figs 85, 86). Pygofer lobe with median process curved dorsoposteriad ( Figs 83, 84). Plate at apex dorsolaterally with finely striated concave region ( Figs 81, 83). Sternite 7 of female with W-shaped posterior margin ( Fig. 88).   Etymology. Latin, clavusnail, spike, verpus,penis, for the ventral subbasal spines on the aedeagal paired shaft.   Male. Measurements. (n=13) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.39–2.51 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.91–2.18 mm; vertex 0.47–0.51 mm; next to eye 0.31–0.34 mm; pronotum 0.39–0.42 mm; scutellum 0.43–0.50 mm. Width: head 0.86–0.90 mm; pronotum 0.80–0.85 mm; scutellum 0.56–0.62 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.65–3.07 µm; ocellocular distance 1.24–1.46 µm.   FIGURES 52–63.  Xerophytavorus rastrullus gen.n.& sp.n., male. 52, tegmina; 53, foretibia setation; 54, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; 55, anterior and posterior abdominal apodemes, anterior view; 56, posterior abdominal apodeme, dorsal view; 57, anterior abdominal apodeme, dorsal view; 58, pygofer, dorsally; 59, pygofer, lateral view; 60, process and apical macrosetae cluster on pygofer, ventral view; 61, plate and valve, ventral view; 62, aedeagus, lateral view; 63, style.   FIGURES 64–76.  Xerophytavorus rastrullus gen.n.& sp.n., female. 64, tegmina; 65, hind wing; 66, valvula 3; 67, sternite 7; 68–71, valvula 1; 68, image of whole structure and valvifer; 69, image of sculpturing at apex; 70, line drawing of sculpture medially; 71, line drawing of sculpture at apex; 72–76, valvula 2; 72, image of whole structure, apex distorted; 73, image of sclerotized medial section; 74, image of serration at apex; 75, line drawing of serration at apex; 76, line drawing of serration medially.   FIGURES 77–87.  Xerophytacolus claviverpus gen.n.& sp.n., male. 77, tegmina; 78, pygofer, dorsal view; 79, anterior abdominal apodeme, dorsal view; 80, posterior abdominal apodeme, dorsal view; 81, plate and valve, ventral view; 82, style; 83, pygofer, lateral view; 84, process at pygofer lobe apex, lateral view; 85, aedeagus, dorsal view; 86, aedeagus, lateral view; 87, connective.   FIGURES 88–97.  Xerophytacolus claviverpus gen.n.& sp.n., female. 88, sternite 7; 89, valvula, 3; 90–93, valvula 1; 90, whole structure; 91, image of sculpture at apex; 92, line drawing of sculpture medially; 93, line drawing of sculpture at apex; 94–97, valvula 2; 94, whole structure; 95, image of serration at apex; 96, line drawing of serration at apex; 97, line drawing of serration medially.  Male. Genitalia. Pygofer lobe with median process, arising marginally, process straight, directed dorsoposteriad ( Figs 83, 84). Paired aedeagal shafts tubular, parallel throughout, apical ½ right angled to base, apex bifurcate, gonopore at base of bifurcation; subbasally with ventral, acute spine ( Figs 85, 86). Connective with stem and arms of similar length, stem narrow, arms swollen ( Fig. 87). Style with apophysis acute ( Fig. 82). Plate in ventral view ( Fig. 81) with apex truncated, angulate; 7–8 macrosetae; in lateral view with apical half emarginate with finely striated transverse ridges ( Fig. 83). Pygofer dorsally with anal tube incised half-way ( Fig. 78). Posterior abdominal apodeme, viewed dorsally, with expanded median lobes ( Fig. 80), anterior abdominal apodeme narrow ( Fig. 79), in anterior view similar to that of  Xc. tubuverpus( Figs 103, 104).   FIGURES 98–112.  Xerophytacolus tubuverpus gen.n.& sp.n., male. 98, head, dorsal view; 99, face; 100, head, lateral view; 101, tegmina; 102, hind wing; 103, anterior abdominal apodeme, anterior view; 104, posterior abdominal apodeme, anterior view; 105, pygofer, dorsal view; 106, plate and valve, ventral view; 107, pygofer, lateral view; 108, apical pygofer process, medial view; 109, aedeagus, dorsal view; 110, aedeagus, lateral view; 111, connective; 112, style.   FIGURES 113–122.  Xerophytacolus tubuverpus gen.n.& sp.n., female. 113, sternite 7; 114, valvula, 3; 115–118, valvula 1; 115, image of sculpture at apex; 116, image of whole structure; 117, line drawing of sculpture at apex; 118, line drawing of sculpture medially; 119–122, valvula 2; 119, line drawing of serration medially; 120, line drawing of serration at apex; 121, image of serration at apex; 122, image of whole structure.  Female. Measurements. (n=10) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.59–2.80 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.27–2.63 mm; vertex 0.54–0.58 mm; next to eye 0.33–0.36 mm; pronotum 0.42–0.44 mm; scutellum 0.44–0.50 mm. Width: head 0.91–0.95 mm; pronotum 0.87–0.91 mm; scutellum 0.57–0.63 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.64–3.11 µm; ocellocular distance 1.40 µm.  Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with W-shaped posterior margin ( Fig. 88). Valvula 3 with about 10 marginal setae ( Fig. 89). Valvula 2 parallel-sided, slightly narrower than serrate apex ( Fig. 97); serration regular, fine ( Figs 95, 96serration at apex, 94, serration basally). Valvula 1 ( Fig. 90) lanceolate; microsculpture imbricate dorsally and ventrally ( Figs 91, 93at apex, Fig. 92medially).   Material examined.  Holotype male. South Africa, Gauteng. Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, 25°39ʹS, 28°57ʹE,  1336 m,  14.xii.2005, M. Stiller, on  Xerophyta retinervis( SANC).  Paratypes. 113, 11Ƥ, 11 nymphs.  Gauteng. 53, 3Ƥ, 10nymphs, ibid.holotype;  1Ƥ, Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, 25°42ʹS, 28°55ʹE,  1402 m,  14.xii.2005;   Mpumalanga. 3Ƥ, Loskopdam near Middelburg, 25°30ʹS, 29°15ʹE,  1032 m,  30.iv.1993; all collected by M. Stiller;  13, Two Rivers Platinum Mine, Dwarsrivier Farmportion 372KT, 24°55ʹS, 30°05ʹE,  1255 m,  23.iii.2008, P. Hawkes, J. Fisher, sweeping grass, forbs and shrubs;  23, 1Ƥ, east of Middelburg, 25°46ʹ10.12ʺS, 29°32ʹ44.12ʺE,  1526 m,  8.iv.2011, DVac;  1Ƥ, 1nymph, Sterkfonteinfarm portion 52JT, Everest Mine near Lydenburg, 25°9ʹ19.2ʺS, 30°6ʹ50.6ʺE,  1280 m,  9.ii.2012, M. Stiller, sweeping tall  X. retinervison rock outcrop;   Limpopo: 23, 3Ƥ, The Downs, Orrie Baragwanath Pass, 24°11ʹ38.08ʺS, 30°14ʹ53.03ʺE,  1414 m,  25.iv.2009, collected on  Xerophytasp. on dolomite outcrop.All collected from  Xerophyta retinervis, unless stated otherwise ( BMNH, INHS, SANC).   Remarks. This species and  Xc. tubuverpusare almost identical in shape and colouration, but have distinct male and female genitalia. The shape of the vertex in dorsal view in  Xc. claviverpusis more obtuse and shorter (vertex length, male 0.47– 0.35 mm, female 0.53–0.61 mm) and that of  Xc. tubuverpusis more acute, and longer (vertex length, male 0.52–0.60 mm, female 0.60–0.71 mm). The dorsal apophysis of the style in  Xc. claviverpusis acute, and in  Xc. tubuverpusit is blunt. The aedeagus differs distinctly between these two species. In  Xc. claviverpusthe paired shafts are parallel, has a subbasal spine and the apex is incised. In  Xc. tubuverpusthe paired shafts are divergent, tubular and without any spine. The sternite 7 of the female in  Xc. claviverpushas the posterior margin W-shaped, and in  Xc. tubuverpusit is widely emarginate. 4953417324 2005-12-14 SANC M. Stiller South Africa 1336 -25.39 Ezemvelo Nature Reserve 28.57 Ezemvelo Nature Reserve 18 53 1 1 Gauteng holotype 4953417316 2005-12-14 BMNH, INHS, SANC M. Stiller South Africa 1336 Gauteng Ezemvelo Nature Reserve 18 53 66 3 Gauteng paratype 4953417303 [422,1213,222,247] 2005-12-14 BMNH, INHS, SANC 1402 -25.42 Ezemvelo Nature Reserve 28.55 18 53 1 1 paratype 4953417321 1993-04-30 BMNH, INHS, SANC M. Stiller 1032 -25.30 Loskopdam near Middelburg 29.15 Mpumalanga 18 53 3 3 paratype 4953417325 2008-03-23 BMNH, INHS, SANC P. Hawkes & J. Fisher 1255 -24.55 Dwarsrivier Farm 30.05 Two Rivers Platinum Mine 18 53 13 paratype 4953417302 2011-04-08 DVac 1526 -25.769478 Middelburg 1 29.545588 Middelburg 18 53 24 1 paratype 4953417314 2012-02-09 BMNH, INHS, SANC M. Stiller 1280 -25.155333 Everest Mine near Lydenburg 1 30.114056 Sterkfontein 18 53 2 1 paratype 4953417307 2009-04-25 BMNH, INHS, SANC 1414 -24.19391 Orrie Baragwanath Pass 1 30.248064 The Downs 18 53 26 3 Limpopo paratype