Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda) Wesener, Thomas Enghoff, Henrik Sierwald, Petra ZooKeys 2009 2009-09-04 19 19 1 128 4NQZF Wesener Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald 2009 [140,553,166,193] Diplopoda Pachybolidae Pseudocentrobolus Animalia Spirobolida 62 63 Arthropoda species aureus sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7054A53D-190A-4AC4-813D-FEE9FCBF8269    Materialexamined: 34 ♂, 12 ♀, 1 imm.  Holotype:1 ♂ ( 42 mmlong, dissected), CAS BLF 6071, Madagascar, Province Toliara, Forêt Beroboka,  5.9 km131°SE Ankidranoka, tropical dry forest,  80 m, 22°13’59” S, 043°21’59” E, leg. Fisher, Griswoldet al.,  12–16.III.2002.   Paratypes:2 ♂, 1 ♀, CAS BLF 6071, same data as holotype; 11 ♂, 3 ♀, FMMC 5495, Forêt des Mikea,  7.5 kmNE Tsifota, spiny bush forest,  60 m, 22°48.0’ S, 43°26.0’ E, leg. S. Goodman, pitfall trap,  25–26.II.2003; 4 ♂, 3 ♀, FMMC 5497, Forêt des Mikea, 9.5 km W. Ankiloaka, partially disturbed dry forest on red sands,  80 m, 22°46.7’ S, 43°31.4’ E, leg. V. Soarimalala, pitfall trap,  16–17.II.2003; 3 ♂, 9 ♀, FMMC 5501, same data as previous, but leg. S. Goodman,  14–15.II.2003; 8 ♂, FMMC 5506, same data as previous, but leg. S. Goodman,  16–17.II.2003; 2 ♂, FMMC 5681, Forêt des Mikea,  19 kmSW Tanandava,  70 m 21°52.0’ S, 43°39.6’ E, leg. V. Soarimalala, pitfall trap,  22–24.III.2003.   Othermaterial examined:  4 ♂, CASENT 9032809, Lake Ranobe, spiny forest,  30 m, 23°2.941’ S, 43°36.635’ E, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project,  21–28.I.2003.    Differentialdiagnosis:see key for a separation between  P. aureusand  P. vohibasiensis sp. n.The colour pattern of  Pseudocentrobolus aureusis unique for Malagasy millipedes and allows for an easy identification.    Description. Measurements: males with 40 body rings, 40–48 mmlong, 4.4–4.6 mmwide. Females with 39 or 40 body rings, 40–47 mmlong, 4.9–5.0 mm wide.  Colorationaffected by alcohol. Head, legs, antennae, telson and mesozonites of body rings golden. Metazonites of body rings black ( Figs 31A–D). Antennaevery short, protruding back to body ring 2 ( Fig. 31D). Male coxal processesshort and conical, only present on coxae 3 and 4. Coxae 5–7 slightly swollen in appearance ( Fig. 31B). Preanal processwell-rounded, prominently extending beyond anal valves ( Fig. 31C).  Anterior gonopodsternite elongated into a wide, mesally slightly notched lobe ( Fig. 34A). Coxite shorter than sternite ( Fig. 34A). Telopodite on anterior side visible, on posterior side apically with a well-rounded process ( Fig. 34B). Telopodite process short and well-rounded, laterally curved, only slightly longer than coxite ( Fig. 34B).  Posterior gonopods: telopodite disc covered with numerous teeth ( Fig. 35B). Membranous process well-developed, basally wide, apically slightly tapering ( Fig. 35A).   Intraspecificvariation:although specimens from the typeseries were collected from three different localities, no intraspecific variation of gonopods, colour or size was observed. Females are always 0.5 mmwider than males.    Distributionand ecology: this species was recorded from spiny forests close to the West Coast( Fig. 30).    Etymology:  aureus, adjective, refers to the characteristic golden colour pattern of the species ( Fig. 31A). 2608818325 2002-03-12 2002-03-16 2002-03-12 CAS Fisher & Griswold Madagascar 80 -22.233055 Foret Beroboka 21 43.366386 Province 62 63 BLF 6071 13 12 Toliara holotype 2608818327 2002-03-12 2002-03-16 2002-03-12 CAS Fisher & Griswold Madagascar 80 -22.233055 Foret Beroboka 21 43.366386 Province 62 63 BLF 6071 1 1 Toliara paratype 2608818206 2003-02-25 2003-02-26 2003-02-25 FMMC S. Goodman Madagascar 60 -22.8 Foret des Mikea 125 43.433334 62 63 FMMC 5495 3 3 Toliara paratype 2608818269 2003-02-16 2003-02-17 2003-02-16 FMMC W. Ankiloaka & V. Soarimalala Madagascar 80 -22.778334 Foret des Mikea 125 43.523335 62 63 FMMC 5497 3 3 Toliara paratype 2608818320 2003-02-14 2003-02-15 2003-02-14 FMMC S. Goodman Madagascar 80 -22.778334 Foret des Mikea 125 43.523335 62 63 FMMC 5501 9 9 Toliara paratype 2608818249 2003-02-16 2003-02-17 2003-02-16 FMMC S. Goodman Madagascar 80 -22.778334 Foret des Mikea 125 43.523335 62 63 FMMC 5506 1 Toliara paratype 2608818351 2003-03-22 2003-03-24 2003-03-22 FMMC V. Soarimalala Madagascar 70 -21.866667 Foret des Mikea 125 43.66 62 63 FMMC 5681 1 Toliara paratype 2620669305 2003-01-21 2003-01-28 2003-01-21 Frontier Wilderness Project 30 -23.049017 Lake Ranobe 1 43.610584 62 63 4 4