Keyserling, 1891 : 173 Moenkhaus 1898 : 100 Mello-Leitão 1947c : 2 Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus : Huber 2000: 210 Mello-Leitão 1943 : 155 Blechroscelis Mello-Leitão 1947b : 233 Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus : Huber 2015: 57 M. cyaneomaculatus M. cyaneomaculatus The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits Huber, Bernhard A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-19 4395 1 1 178 3ZXDD (Keyserling, 1891) Keyserling 1891 [151,753,1844,1870] Arachnida Pholcidae Mesabolivar GBIF Animalia Araneae 58 59 Arthropoda species cyaneomaculatus     Pholcuscyaneo-maculatus  Keyserling, 1891: 173, pl. 5, figs 119 a–d (♂♀, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro).    Blechrosceliscyaneo-maculatus/-a:  Moenkhaus 1898: 100–101. Mello-Leitão 1918: 107–108, figs 22–23. (Both authors just translated Keyserling’s original description, Mello-Leitão also copied Keyserling’s figures; both without adding new data).     Psilochorus cyaneomaculatus:  Mello-Leitão 1947c: 2(Brazil: Minas Gerais).   Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus: Huber 2000: 210, figs 811–819 (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro). Machado 2007: 81 (Brazil: Minas Gerais, São Paulo). Huber & Rheims 2011: 281 (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).  Probable and certain misidentifications(see Notes below)    Psilochorus cyaneomaculatus:  Mello-Leitão 1943: 155(Brazil: Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul).  Blechrosceliscyaneo-maculatus:  Mello-Leitão 1947b: 233(Brazil: Paraná).  Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus: Huber 2015: 57(Brazil: Espírito Santo).  Notes.I have not seen Mello-Leitão’s (1943, 1947b) specimens from Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Pernambuco, but consider these records dubious. Extensive recent collections along the entire Brazilian Atlantic Forest from Rio Grande do Sul to Rio Grande do Norte do not include  M. cyaneomaculatusoutside Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states. In particular, Rio Grande do Sul and Pernambuco are far from the confirmed range of this species. The Paraná records might be valid but need confirmation. The Minas Gerais record in Mello-Leitão (1947c)receives some support from Machado’s (2007) record from this state. Finally, my own previous record from Espírito Santo (Huber 2015) is based on two females (ZFMK, Ar 19073, Br10-83) that are very similar to  M. cyaneomaculatusbut have lower epigynal processes in a more anterior position; they probably represent a different, undescribed species.   Diagnosis.Distinguished from most known congeners by armature of male chelicerae (Huber 2000: fig. 812; one pair of frontal apophyses near median line), shape of procursus (Huber 2000: figs 813–816, Figs 227–229; widely curved, distinctive distal structures), and shape of epigynum (Huber 2000: figs 817–818, Figs 230–232; trapezoidal anterior plate with pair of apophyses and median pocket); from the very similar  M. claricaeby longer and more slender procursus with different distal elements (compare Figs 227–229 and 233–235), and by larger epigynum (width>0.9, vs. < 0.8 in  M. claricae) with anterior pair of low humps (compare Figs 230–232 and 236– 237).    Typematerial. BRAZIL:  Rio de Janeiro: 1♂ 1♀ syntypes, BMNH(1890.7.1.8325–7), Rio de JaneiroCity(?), no further locality data, leg. E.A. Göldi, examined (Huber 2000).    Newrecords. BRAZIL:  Rio de Janeiro: 6♂ 3♀ 1 juv., ZFMK( Ar19074–77), ~ 4 kmNW Penedo( 22°24.5’S, 44°33.0’–33.4’W), forest along river,  700–770 ma.s.l.,  14–16.viii.2007( B.A. Huber);  1♂ 1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br07/100-6, Br07/100-43), same data.  4♂ 1♀, ZFMK( Ar19078), Cachoeira da Pedra Brancanear Paraty( 23°11.8’S, 44°46.0’W), forest near river, ~  230 ma.s.l.,  22.viii.2007( B.A. Huber).  1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br09-107), Reserva Ecológica Riodas Pedras( 22°59.5’S, 44°06.0’–06.8’W),  50–200 ma.s.l.,  25–26.ix.2009( B.A. Huber).  1♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK(G007), Itatiaia[ 22.45°S, 44.59°W],  8–15.vi.2001( H. Japyassú).     São Paulo: 3♂ 4♀3 juvs, ZFMK( Ar19079), Paranapiacaba, Estação Biológica do Alto da Serra( 23°46.7’S, 46°18.6’W)  14–15.xii.2003( B.A. Huber);  2♂ 2♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br03/100-21), same data.  3♀, ZFMK( Ar19080), Ubatuba, Fazenda Angelim ( 22°36.9’S, 52°17.9’W),  16–18.xii.2003( B.A. Huber).  1♂, ZFMK( Ar19081), São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Cantareira( 23.417°S, 46.617°W),  20.xii.2003( B.A. Huber);  1♂in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Br03/100-14a), same data.  Description(amendments; see Huber 2000). Tibia 1 innine newly examined males: 13.1–17.7 (mean 15.6); in 11 newly examined females: 10.4–13.7 (mean 12.2). Male tibia 2/tibia 4 length (N=2): 1.05, 1.08. Femora 2 and 3 insome males much wider than other femora, in others barely wider. Prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1. Epigynal processes slightly variable (in lateral view; Figs 231–232).  Natural history.The spiders were found in large sheltered spaces among rocks and logs, also under bridges. They built rather flat webs that seemed to have no or a very limited tangle of lines above the sheet. During the day, the spiders sat on the rock or log; when disturbed, they ran into the web and started swinging with large amplitude and high frequency.   Distribution.Widely distributed in the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais, possibly ranging into Paranástate ( Fig. 729). 1835975823 2007-08-14 2007-08-16 2007-08-14 ZFMK B. A. Huber Brazil New 735 -22.408333 Penedo Ar 59 60 10 3 6 Rio de Janeiro 1835975824 2007-08-14 2007-08-16 2007-08-14 ZFMK Br Brazil New 735 -22.408333 Penedo Ar 59 60 2 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1835975821 2007-08-22 ZFMK B. A. Huber Brazil Ar 230 -23.196667 Paraty 125 -44.766666 Cachoeira da Pedra Branca 59 60 5 1 4 Rio de Janeiro 1835975817 2009-09-25 2009-09-26 2009-09-25 ZFMK B. A. Huber Brazil Br 125 -22.991667 Pedras Reserva Ecologica Rio 59 60 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1835975807 [313,1353,1266,1291] 2001-06-08 2001-06-15 2001-06-08 ZFMK H. Japyassu Brazil -22.45 Itatiaia 756 -44.59 59 60 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1835975740 2003-12-14 2003-12-15 2003-12-14 ZFMK B. A. Huber Ar -23.778334 Estacao Biologica do Alto da Serra 125 -46.31 Paranapiacaba 59 60 7 4 3 Sao Paulo 1835975732 [638,1295,1338,1363] 2003-12-14 2003-12-15 2003-12-14 ZFMK Br Ar -23.778334 Estacao Biologica do Alto da Serra 125 -46.31 Paranapiacaba 59 60 4 2 2 Sao Paulo 1835975777 2003-12-16 2003-12-18 2003-12-16 ZFMK B. A. Huber -22.615 Ar 125 -52.298332 59 60 3 3 Sao Paulo 1835975857 2003-12-20 ZFMK B. A. Huber -23.417 Parque Estadual de Cantareira 74 -46.617 Ar 59 60 1 1 Sao Paulo 1835975866 2003-12-20 ZFMK Br -23.417 Parque Estadual de Cantareira 74 -46.617 Ar 59 60 1 1 Sao Paulo