Chondrocyclus alabastris – Connolly 1939: 539
Revision of Chondrocyclus s. l. (Mollusca: Cyclophoridae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species
Cole, Mary L.
European Journal of Taxonomy
2019
2019-10-22
569
1
92
7QNSL
Cole, 2019
Cole
2019
[594,896,897,924]
Gastropoda
Cyclophoridae
Chondrocyclus
GBIF
Animalia
Architaenioglossa
25
26
Mollusca
species
amathole
sp. nov.
Figs 9, 10D–E, 14
Chondrocyclus alabastris– Connolly 1939: 539.
Diagnosis Shell small, very depressed, discoidal to lenticular; protoconch mammillate; periostracum with dense transverse costae developing at periphery broad quadrangular flanges; lamellate axial costae with dense axial riblets, rendering upper edge of each costa scalloped along its length; operculum duplex, exterior portion very shallowly concave to almost flat, multispiral lamella with fringe of very long bristles, fused at their tips, below main fringe is a second shorter fringe of loose bristles; umbilicus wide, exposing all the whorls; radula with two large cusps on second lateral tooth.
Etymology Named after the Amathole Mountains, Eastern Cape, an area of natural and historic interest.
Type material examined Holotype SOUTH AFRICA– Eastern Cape • Amathole Mountains, Hogsback, downstream of Madonnaand Child Waterfall, Southern Mistbelt forest; 32.6068°S, 26.9622°E; 1061 ma.s.l.; 6 Apr. 2014; M. Cole, D. Herbertand L. Davisleg.; NMSA P0640/T4157. ( Fig. 10D–E) Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA– Eastern Cape • 18 specimens; same collection data as for holotype; ELM W3812/ T59• 21 specimens; Hogsback, downstream of Madonnaand Child Waterfall; 32.6068°S, 26.9622°E; 1061 ma.s.l.; 31 Dec. 2008; M. Burseyleg.; ELMD16944/T55• 9 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3629/T56• 22 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; M. Coleleg., 13 Sep. 2012; ELMD17014/T57• 6 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3665/ T58• 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NMSA P0601/T4115• 2 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20120278• 3 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z.2012.065.00008• 3 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; RMNHMOL.33050• 3 specimens; Hogsback, forest above Hobbiton Camp, Southern Mistbelt forest; 32.5958°S, 26.9617°E; 1253 ma.s.l.; 1 Dec. 2005; M. Burseyand V. Ndiboleg.; ELMW02966/T54• 13 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 13 Sep. 2012; ELMD17013/T60• 13 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3662/T61• 28 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Jun. 2013; M. Coleleg.; ELMD17338/T63• 7 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 2014; M. Cole, D. Herbertand L. Davisleg.; ELM W3811/T62• 1 specimen; Kologha Forest, Evelyn valley, north side of Maden Dam, Murray’s Krantz; 32.7257°S, 27.3078°E; 25 Apr. 1998; M. Burseyand N. Smithleg.; alive under a log; ELMD14417/T76• 1 specimen; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3693/T77• 13 specimens; Isidenge, SE of Mount Kemp, harvested site, south-facing forest; 32.6885° S, 27.2783°E; 1159 ma.s.l.; 5Apr. 2016; M. Coleleg.; ELMD18082/T198• 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW03915/T196• 23 specimens; Isidenge, Sandile’s Rest, small patch of forest near base of Mount Kemp; 32.6614° S, 27.3004° E; 900 ma.s.l.; 7 Apr. 2016; M. Coleleg.; ELMD18077/T200• 8 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW03914/T195• 3 specimens; Stutterheim, Kologha Forest, waterfall walk from picnic site; 32.5339°S, 27.4308°E; 18 Jan. 2009; M. Coleleg.; ELM W3633/T64• 5 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Dec. 2009; M. Coleand T. Pretoriusleg.; ELMD16942/T65• 1 specimen; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW03628/T66• 2 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Dec. 2010; M. Coleleg.; ELM W3634/T67• 4 specimens; Qacu forest; 32.4031°S, 27.4486° E; 6 Apr. 2016; M. Coleleg.; ELMD18126/T201• 5 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW03917/T197• 5 specimens; Patchwood Farm, forest at source of Quanti River; 32.3924°S, 27.4470°E; 1238 ma.s.l.; 18 Dec. 2012; M. and K. Coleleg.; ELMD17100/T80• 3 specimens; Patchwood Farm, forest below (north of) house; 32.3875° S, 27.4501° E; 1196 ma.s.l.; 6 Apr. 2016; M. Coleleg.; ELMD18140/T199• 8 specimens; Fort Fordyce, south facing slope near top of pass; 32.6843° S, 26.4956° E; 1110 ma.s.l.; 29 Dec. 2008; M. Coleleg.; ELMD16946/T68• 19 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3630/T69• 36 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Jan. 2010; M. Coleleg.; ELMD16947/T70• 12 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3632/T71• 1 specimen; same collection data as for preceding; 31 Dec. 2011; ELMD17005/T72• 7 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3631/T73• 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 20120279• 4 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; NMSA P0600/T4111• 10 specimens; Fort Fordyce, south facing slope behind lookout; 32.6956°S, 26.4857°E; 1120 ma.s.l.; 30 Dec. 2008; M. Coleleg.; ELMD16950/T74• 5 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jan. 2015; ELMD17860/T75• 10 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Apr. 2016; ELMD18116/ T202• 3 specimens; Kapp River, north bank, indigenous riverine forest on shady, south-facing slope; 33.4830° S, 27.0807°E; 30 Dec. 2002; M. Bursey; ELM W3694/T78• 2 specimens; Beggars’ Bush, 15 kmE of Grahamstown, south facing slope; 33.2871°E, 26.6885°E; 25 Feb. 2013; M. Cole, G. Godfreyand S. Ritcherleg.; ELMD17289/T79. Other material examined SOUTH AFRICA– Eastern Cape • 5 specimens; Amathole Mountains: Hogsback, downstream of Madonnaand Child Waterfall, Southern Mistbelt forest; 32.6068° S, 26.9622°E; 1061 ma.s.l.; 25 Jan. 2002; M. Burseyleg.; ELMD13627• 5 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW02834• 6 specimens; Hogsback, forest above Hobbiton Camp, Southern Mistbelt forest; 32.5958° S, 26.9617° E, 1253 ma.s.l.; 31 Dec. 2008; M. Burseyleg.; ELMD16945• 14 specimens; Kologha Forest, near Stutterheim; 32.5333°S, 27.3667° E; 27 Nov. 1993; R. Scottleg.; ELMD14405• 5 specimens; Stutterheim, Kologha Forest, forest drive near Protea Hill; 32.5558° S, 27.3175°E; 26 Jan. 2010; M. Coleleg.; ELMD16943• 1 specimen; Stutterheim, Kologha Forest, waterfall walk from picnic site; 32.5339° S, 27.4308°E; 30 Dec. 2012; M. Coleleg.; ELMD17623• 3 specimens; Fort Fordyce, kloof with watercourse, running eastwards; 32.6704° S, 26.4851° E; 1137 ma.s.l.; 29 Dec. 2008; M. Coleleg.; ELMD16949• 3 specimens; Fort Fordyce, top of krantz near campsite; 32.6813° S, 26.4802°E; 1134 ma.s.l.; 30 Dec. 2011; M. Coleleg.; ELMD16948• 7 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELM W3631• 2 specimens; Patchwood Farm, forest at source of Quanti River; 32.3924° S, 27.4470° E, 1238 ma.s.l.; 18 Dec. 2012; M and K Coleleg.; ELMW03695• 3 specimens; Patchwood Farm, forest below (north of) house; 32.3875° S, 27.4501°E); 1196 ma.s.l.; M. Coleleg.; 18 Dec. 2012 ELMD17107• 5 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; ELMW03699.
Description SHELL ( Fig. 14A–C). Small, very depressed, discoidal to lenticular, adult diameter 5.09–7.4 mm, height 2.34–3.92 mm, diameter:height 1.52–2.54 (n = 68 measured in three populations spanning the Amathole Mountains). Spire little exserted, apex mammillate. Embryonic shell ( Fig. 14E) 2.25 whorls, microscopically malleate, junction between embryonic shell and teleoconch evident with development of costae on teleoconch. Teleoconch comprising 2.5 whorls, convex, very rapidly increasing, suture deeply impressed. Aperture circular, last whorl descending near aperture, peristome simple, continuous and free. Umbilicus wide, exposing all the whorls. Periostracum glossy, honey-brown and lacquerlike with dense lamellate costae at regular intervals, 73–167 (n = 58) on last whorl, expanded into broad quadrangular flanges at periphery; lamellar blades ridged with dense axial riblets, rendering upper edge of each blade scalloped along its length; intervals between costae with about 6 microscopic axial threads. Shell translucent glossy honey-brown when fresh. LIVING ANIMAL. Head, tentacles and snout dark grey, underside of foot creamy white. OPERCULUM ( Fig. 14D, G). Duplex, very shallowly concave to almost flat; outer portion consists of multispiral lamella with five–six whorls; each step-shaped; height of lamellar blade very low; fringe of very long bristles, fused at their tips but not along their entire length, below main fringe is a second shorter fringe of relatively loose bristles, long outer fringe of each whorl fused to lamella of following whorl, but due to its long length, fringe forms convex curve between one whorl and next, height of fringe of each whorl exceeds height of lamellar blade, outermost lamellar fringe very long and is reflexed over peristome in life, but operculum can be withdrawn into aperture. RADULA ( Fig. 14F). Rachidian with five cusps, central cusp approx. twice length of outer cusps; first lateral tooth usually with three large cusps, small fourth cusp and a vestigial fifth, third cusp (from centre) largest; second lateral with two large cusps, second cusp (from centre) longer and broader than first, a very small third cusp and a vestigial fourth. PENIS ( Fig. 14H–I). Shaft more or less cylindrical, slightly flattened, with prominent annular rugae, distal end smooth, intromittent organ short.
Distribution and habitat Throughout the Amathole Mountains and extending eastwards towards the Kei River in isolated forest patches; also recorded at Beggars’ Bush near Grahamstown and at Kap River Nature Reserve near the mouth of the Great Fish River ( Fig. 9). Amathole Mistbelt forest (Southern Mistbelt Forest group) ( von Maltitz et al.2003) and Great Fish Thicket (Kap River) ( Hoare et al.2006); in leaf-litter.
Remarks The operculum of Chondrocyclus amathole sp. nov.is unique among all other Chondrocyclusspecies in its flatness, its long terminal fringe and relatively long secondary fringe below it and the low height of the multispiral lamellar blade. Chondrocyclus amathole sp. nov.was sister to C. alabastrisand formed a well-supported clade (the Southern-Eastern Capeclade) with C. herberti sp. nov.and C. silvicolus sp. nov.( Fig. 1). The periostracal flanges of C. amathole sp. nov.were broad and quadrangular while in the other three species in its clade, the flanges were pointed. In this feature, C. amathole sp. nov.resembled species in the Eastern Clade, but differed from species in the latter clade in all other diagnostic morphological features, i.e., single row of flanges at periphery, unique operculum, radula with two large cusps on second lateral tooth, cyclindrical penis ( Cole et al.2019). The Amathole Range is an outlier of the southern end of the Drakensberg, isolated by the valleys of the Great Fish and Great Kei Rivers ( Stuckenberg 1962) and is known for endemicity of many low-vagility forest-dependent taxa, including molluscs ( Connolly 1939; Herbert & Moussalli 2010; unpublished data), forest-floor spiders ( Griswold 1985), velvet worms ( Daniels & Ruhberg 2010), harvestmen ( de Bivort & Giribet 2010) and two frogs. Furthermore, populations of velvet worms in close geographic proximity are genetically discrete, suggesting that the historic contractions and expansions of forests in this region left a significant and complex impact on the phylogeography of low-vagility organisms ( Daniels et al.2017). Fig. 14. Chondrocyclus amathole sp. nov. A. Aperture view (ELM W3629/T56). B. Dorsal view (ELM W3629/T56). C. Ventral view (ELM W2966/T54). D, G. Operculum (ELM W2966/T54). E. Protoconch (ELM W3812/T59). F. Portion of radula (ELM W3628/T66). H. Penis, dorsal view (ELM W3628/T66). I. Penis, lateral view (ELM W3632/T71). Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, G–I = 1 mm; E = 500 µm; F = 50 µm. Chondrocyclus amathole sp. nov.has been recorded in two localities geographically separated from the mistbelt forests of the Amatholes, indicative of past vegetation shifts. The population of C. amathole sp. nov.in the outlying forest patch, Beggars’ Bush near Grahamstown, was separated from populations of the sister species, C. alabastrison the opposite ridge, by a dry intervening valley. Beggars’ Bush is currently separated from the Amathole mountains by the dry Great Fish River basin although both regions are designated Amathole Mistbelt in certain classification systems and distinguished from other Southern Mistbelt forests ( von Maltitz et al.2003). The presence of C. amathole sp. nov.near the mouth of the Great Fish River suggests a link between the coast and the Amathole Mountains, a pattern also demonstrated in other taxa (e.g., Streptocarpus( Hughes et al.2005)). The Great Fish River basin has been identified as an area of persistence of thicket during the contractions of the LGM ( Potts et al.2012). The distribution pattern in this eastern subclade of the Southern-Eastern Capeclade (i.e., C. alabastrisand C. amathole sp. nov.) is mirrored by rhytidid snails ( Herbert & Moussalli 2010, 2016).
2429182615
2014-04-06
NMSA
M. Cole & D. Herbert & L. Davis
South Africa
Amathole Mountains
1061
-32.6068
Madonna
6
26.9622
Hogsback
25
26
P0640
1
Eastern Cape
holotype
2429182727
2014-04-06
ELM
M. Cole & D. Herbert & L. Davis
South Africa
Amathole Mountains
1061
-32.6068
Madonna
6
26.9622
Hogsback
25
26
W3812
18
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182721
2008-12-31
ELM
M. Bursey
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
21
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182682
2008-12-31
ELM
M. Bursey
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
W3629
9
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182709
2012-09-13
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
22
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182617
2012-09-13
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
W3665
6
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182568
[265,1145,1930,1957]
2012-09-13
NMSA
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
P0601
4
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182656
2012-09-13
NHMUK
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
NHMUK 20120278
2
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182629
2012-09-13
NMW
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
3
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182584
[513,1379,2000,2027]
2012-09-13
RMNH
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1061
-32.6068
Child Waterfall
6
26.9622
Madonna
25
26
3
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182646
2005-12-01
ELM
M. Bursey & V. Ndibo
South Africa
Hogsback
1253
-32.5958
Southern Mistbelt forest
6
26.9617
Hobbiton Camp
26
27
3
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182581
2012-09-13
ELM
M. Bursey & V. Ndibo
South Africa
Hogsback
1253
-32.5958
Southern Mistbelt forest
6
26.9617
Hobbiton Camp
26
27
13
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182717
2012-09-13
ELM
M. Bursey & V. Ndibo
South Africa
Hogsback
1253
-32.5958
Southern Mistbelt forest
6
26.9617
Hobbiton Camp
26
27
W3662
13
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182648
2013-06-10
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
Hogsback
1253
-32.5958
Southern Mistbelt forest
6
26.9617
Hobbiton Camp
26
27
28
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182705
2014-04-06
ELM
M. Cole & D. Herbert & L. Davis
South Africa
Hogsback
1253
-32.5958
Southern Mistbelt forest
6
26.9617
Hobbiton Camp
26
27
W3811
7
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182562
1998-04-25
ELM
M. Bursey & N. Smith
South Africa
Kologha Forest
-32.7257
Maden Dam
6
27.3078
Evelyn valley
26
27
1
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182695
1998-04-25
ELM
M. Bursey & N. Smith
South Africa
Kologha Forest
-32.7257
Maden Dam
6
27.3078
Evelyn valley
26
27
W3693
1
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182673
2016-04-05
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1159
-32.6885
Isidenge
6
27.2783
26
27
13
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182660
2016-04-05
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1159
-32.6885
Isidenge
6
27.2783
26
27
4
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182616
2016-04-07
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
Isidenge
900
-32.6614
Mount Kemp
6
27.3004
Sandile's Rest
26
27
23
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182563
[513,1379,690,717]
2016-04-07
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
Isidenge
900
-32.6614
Mount Kemp
6
27.3004
Sandile's Rest
26
27
8
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182703
2009-01-18
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
-32.5339
Kologha Forest
6
27.4308
Stutterheim
26
27
W3633
3
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182606
2009-12-22
ELM
M. Cole & T. Pretorius
South Africa
-32.5339
Kologha Forest
6
27.4308
Stutterheim
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182633
2009-12-22
ELM
M. Cole & T. Pretorius
South Africa
-32.5339
Kologha Forest
6
27.4308
Stutterheim
26
27
1
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182674
2010-12-11
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
-32.5339
Kologha Forest
6
27.4308
Stutterheim
26
27
W3634
2
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182684
2016-04-06
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
-32.4031
Qacu forest
6
27.4486
26
27
4
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182607
[513,1379,902,929]
2016-04-06
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
-32.4031
Qacu forest
6
27.4486
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182567
2012-12-18
ELM
M. and K. Cole
South Africa
1238
-32.3924
Quanti River
6
27.447
Patchwood Farm
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182634
2016-04-06
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1196
-32.3875
Patchwood Farm
6
27.4501
26
27
3
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182576
2008-12-29
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
8
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182635
2008-12-29
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
W3630
19
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182715
2010-01-03
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
36
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182589
[368,1226,1148,1175]
2010-01-03
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
W3632
12
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182600
2011-12-31
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
1
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182573
2011-12-31
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
W3631
7
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182628
2011-12-31
NHMUK
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
NHMUK 20120279
4
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182565
[334,1203,1254,1281]
2011-12-31
NMSA
M. Cole
South Africa
1110
-32.6843
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4956
26
27
P0600
4
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182665
2008-12-30
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1120
-32.6956
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4857
26
27
10
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182718
2015-01-17
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1120
-32.6956
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4857
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182577
2016-04-01
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1120
-32.6956
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4857
26
27
10
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182758
2002-12-30
ELM
M. Bursey
South Africa
-33.483
Kapp River
6
27.0807
26
27
W3694
3
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182611
2013-02-25
ELM
M. Cole & G. Godfrey & S. Ritcher
South Africa
Beggars' Bush
26.6885
26
27
2
Eastern Cape
paratype
2429182662
2002-01-25
ELM
M. Bursey
South Africa
Amathole Mountains
1061
-32.6068
Madonna
6
26.9622
Hogsback
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
2429182799
2002-01-25
ELM
M. Bursey
South Africa
Amathole Mountains
1061
-32.6068
Madonna
6
26.9622
Hogsback
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
2429182719
2008-12-31
ELM
M. Bursey
South Africa
Hogsback
1253
-32.5958
Southern Mistbelt forest
6
26.9617
Hobbiton Camp
26
27
6
Eastern Cape
2429182730
1993-11-27
ELM
R. Scott
South Africa
-32.5333
Stutterheim
6
27.3667
Kologha Forest
26
27
14
Eastern Cape
2429182666
2010-01-26
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
Stutterheim
-32.5558
Protea Hill
6
27.3175
Kologha Forest
26
27
5
Eastern Cape
2429182557
2012-12-30
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
-32.5339
Kologha Forest
6
27.4308
Stutterheim
26
27
1
Eastern Cape
2429182678
2008-12-29
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1137
-32.6704
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4851
26
27
3
Eastern Cape
2429182687
2011-12-30
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1134
-32.6813
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4802
26
27
3
Eastern Cape
2429182699
2011-12-30
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1134
27
28
-32.6813
Fort Fordyce
6
26.4802
26
27
W3631
7
Eastern Cape
2429182765
2012-12-18
ELM
M and K Cole
South Africa
1238
-32.3924
Quanti River
6
27.447
Patchwood Farm
27
28
2
Eastern Cape
2429182590
2012-12-18
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1196
-32.3875
Patchwood Farm
6
27.4501
27
28
3
Eastern Cape
2429182612
[378,1162,374,401]
2012-12-18
ELM
M. Cole
South Africa
1196
-32.3875
Patchwood Farm
6
27.4501
27
28
5
Eastern Cape