Three new species of seasonal killifishes of the Simpsonichthys antenori species group (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Wilson J. E. M. Costa Zootaxa 2006 1306 25 39 7H52 135317 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D Rivulidae Simpsonichthys CoL Animalia Simpsonichthys Carvalho 1959:2 Cyprinodontiformes 26 Chordata genus   Simpsonichthys de Carvalhocomprises 50 valid species, occurring in temporary pools formed during the rainy season, in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay (Costa, 2005; 2006; Costa & Brasil, in press; the present paper). It has been divided into five subgenera: Xenurolebias Costa, Ophthalmolebias Costa, Simpsonichthys de Carvalho, Spectrolebias Costa & Nielsen, and Hypsolebias Costa(Costa, 2006).  Hypsolebiasis endemic to an area including the Tocantins, SaoFrancisco, Jequitinhonha, and Jaguaribe river basins, and smaller isolated basins of northeastern Brazil (Costa, 2006). Among species of Hypsolebias, Costa (2006) recognized a clade he termed the S. antenori species group, which contains five species revised by Costa (2003): S. antenori (Tulipano)from the rio Jaguaribe basin and adjacent coastal basins of northeastern Brazil; and S. flavicaudatus (Costa & Brasil), S. flagellatus Costa, S. igneus Costa, and S. ghisolfii Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen, all from the rio SaoFrancisco basin. New collections and more intensive morphological studies of material previously identified as S. flagellatusand S. ghisolflirevealed three new species, which are herein described. This group of species occurs in hills of the eastern portion of the middle SaoFrancisco basin (Serra do Espinhaco), at altitudes between 550 and 680 m.