New species-group taxa of Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Bartz, Marie L. C. James, Samuel W. Steffen, Gerusa P. K. Antoniolli, Zaida Steffen, Ricardo B. Brown, George G. Zootaxa 2018 2018-10-05 4496 1 548 561 (GlossosColex) GlossosColex [151,490,980,1006] Clitellata Glossoscolecidae Glossoscolex GBIF Animalia Haplotaxida 7 555 Annelida genus     Holotype. COFM BRRS0031one adult, cultiVated pasture, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°43'05.32''S 53°42'25.19''O,  79 masl. 0  9 NoVember 2010, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.   Paratype. COFM BRRS0032 one adult. Same locality and collection data as holotype.    Othermaterial. COFM BRRS0033tWo adults, cultiVated pasture, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°43'05.32''S 53°42'25.19''O,  79 masl. 0  3 October 2011, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.  COFM BRRS0034tWo adults, natiVe grassland, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°49'15.8''S 57°04'56.7''O,  59 masl. 0  8 September 2010, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.  COFM BRRS0036one adult, residential laWn, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°41'53.19''S 53°45'20.57''O,  121 masl.  22 NoVember 2009, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.  COFM BRRS0037three adults, black oats, Itaara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°38'55.50''S 53°44'41.38''O,  438 masl. 0  2 March 2012, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.  MZUSP121one adult, labeled as cotype ( syntype) of  Glossoscolex colonorum Michaelsen 1918and probably collected together With typesby W. Ehrhardt(date not specified) at riVer Itapocumargin, JoinVille, Santa Catarina. Altogether 15 specimens.    Uncertainidentification. COFM BRRS0035one adult and three subadult, cultiVated pasture, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°43'05.32''S 53°42'25.19''O,  79 masl.  15 December 2012, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.   Etymology.The species is named after its occurrence in cultiVated pastures and natiVe grasslands ( pampas). The Pampas Brazilian Biome constitute a natural and pastoral region of plains coVered by fields located in Rio Grande do Suland Argentinaand Uruguai. The meaning of pampa is flat. The origin of the expression is Quechua, a South American language of indigenous origin that Was also used in the empire of the Incas.   Description.Dimensions: Holotype 176 mmby 7.0 mm at x, 8.0 mm at clitellum, 6.5 mmat xl, 274 segments; paratype 199 mmby 8.1 mmat x, 8.3 mmat clitellum, 6.3 mmat xl, 268 segments. Body length and segment number of non-type indiViduals ("other material") ranging from 143 to 244 mmand 198 to 352, respectiVely. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 4.4:0.1:1:0.1:6.3. Setae not Visible before clitellum. Prostomium proepilobous, post-setal secondary annulations present Vii–xxiV and after clitellum. Unpigmented/Whitish. OVipores in ab in xiV, 5 mmapart. Male pores 3.8 mmapart on xVii Within paired round papillae; segment xVii much narroWed; clitellum saddle, xV–1/2 xxii, xxii ( Fig. 3A,B). Nephropores just aboVe b.   FIGURE 3.NeW species Of  Glossoscolex. A, B.  Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex)sp.1. C, D.  Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) pastivus  n. sp.E, F.  Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) pampas  n. sp.FM = female pOres; MP = male pOres. Septa 6/7–10/11equally thick and muscular, septa 13/14/15/16 highly expanded With a circumesophageal barrier to make a sac, knobby outside and fuzzy inside. Alimentary canal With barrel shaped gizzard in Vi; esophagous With high cheVron-patterned lamellae Vii–xi, ValVular in xiii, intestinal origin xiV; typhlosole origin xiV, in xV–xix is Very WaVy simple lamina, xx–xxi zig-zag With Ventral edge bent oVer to form pockets, after xxii gradually becoming simple triple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, egg shaped, anterior face flattened and attached to septum 11/12, short pedunculated, composite-tubular type; blood Vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal Vessel to approximate center of each gland. Holonephric, Vesiculate; ducts to body Wall near leVel of b. Vascular system With Ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral Vessels in Vii–ix, esophageal hearts in x–xi, last hearts enclosed in testis sacs. Extra-esophageal Vessel from pharyngeal glands, along Ventral-lateral face of gizzard, esophagus back to calciferous glands; supraesophageal Vessel in x–xi. OVaries, oVarian funnels free in xiii. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels unparried in xi, single midVentral sac; medial to hearts of xi pass narroW tubes to seminal Vesicles; seminal Vesicle lobulated, like butterfly Wings, in xi–xii/xiii, surrounding testis sacs; Vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body Wall en route to middle Ventro-anterior face of muscular short oVal copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend oVer xV– xViii. Copulatory bulbs With thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface With small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body Wall; no transVerse muscle bands crossing oVer bulbs, inner face of bulb attached to body Wall.   Remarks.  Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) pampasis close to  Glossoscolex (G.) colonorum Michaelsen 1918. The differences betWeen  G. (G.) pampasand  G. (G.) colonorumare as folloWs, With the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: clitellum xV–1/2 xxii, xxii (xV–xx, xxi), calciferous gland in xii (in xi), copulatory bulbs short oVal (globular), extension of seminal Vesicles xi–xiii (xii–xVii) and shape of seminal Vesicle butterfly-Wing shaped=lobulated (band-shaped). The differences betWeen  G. (G.) pampasand  G. (G.) pastivusare: testis sacs short U-form fused With seminal Vesicles in xi (unpaired in xi), distances of male pores 3.8 (6.5) and form of the male pores round papillae (oVal dimples porophores) ( Table 1). The specimen of sample COFM BRRS0035, collected tWo years later at the typelocality, had some morphological differences Worth noting: the size Was much smaller ( 108 mmlength, 0.62 mmdiameter at clitellum), despite also being adult, the calciferous gland Was barrel-shaped (egg-shaped in the types), seminal Vesicles occupying segments xi–xii (up to xiii in the types) and copulatory bulbs occupying segments xVi–xix (xV– xViii). The single syntypespecimen of  G. colonorum(sample from MZUSP121) also deserVes some attention since it Was not dissected and reVealed important differences regarding the original description of  G. colonorum. The original description of  G. colonorumstates that 19 adultsand an unknoWn number of subadults and juVeniles Were collected in the riVer Itapocu in Itapocu, JoinVille, state of Santa Catarina. HoWeVer, this location actually corresponds to Araquari county, as the riVer Itapocu does not pass through the toWn of JoinVille, and the Worms Were probably collected near the margin of the riVer, and not in the riVer as the Worm is not aquatic. LuederWaldt (1927)states that Michaelsen sent a co-type of  G. colonorumto MZUSP in 1924, at the time When he Was director of the Museum. This is the information also present on the specimen label. HoWeVer, the morphological characteristics do not match those of the original description of the species, so that either it Was mis-labeled and is from another location, or it Was collected together With the other indiViduals and represents a second  Glossoscolexspecies present at the typelocality. In fact this is not a cotype of  G. colonorumand is here identified as  G. pampas. The differences betWeen this specimen and  G. (G.) colonorumare as folloWs, With the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: clitellum 1/4 xV–xxi (xV–xx, xxi), calciferous gland in xii (in xi), copulatory bulbs short oVal (globular) and extension of seminal Vesicles xii–xiii (xii–xVii). HoWeVer, it is closer to COFM BRRS0035 than to the typesand other material of  G. pampas, presenting all of the same differences. The differences of the MZUSP specimen and COFM BRRS0035 Were not deemed to be enough to separate this indiVidual as a species separate from  G. pampas, but further morphological and DNA analysis of other material from the same typelocalities (riVer Itapocu and Santa Maria) is necessary in order to ascertain if there are other differences Which may result in separation of these specimens into a different species or sub-species of  Glossoscolex.   TABLE 1.Comparison of characters of the new species and subspecies of  Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex)with the type species of the subgenus and with further similar species that have been compared in the remarks sections of the new taxa described.    Species Author Length [mm] Diameter in x [mm] Segments Setal ratio in xxx Clitellum Calciferous gland Testis sacs Septa 12/13/14 Last hearts Seminal vesicle Copulatory bulbs     G. (G.) r. riograndenSiSn. ssp. Bartz & James 41–72 3.7–4.1 125–195 7.8:0.3:1.0:0.2:11.2 saddle, xv–xxiii heart shaped, xii 1 pair, U form, xi– xii simple free tubular with lobular edges, xii– lxii round to oval, xvi– xviii     G. (G.) r. polluluSn. ssp. Bartz & James 28–36 3.0–3.5 105–139 8.0:0.2:1.0:0.1:8.9 saddle, xv–xxiii small heart shaped, xii 1 pair, U form, xi– xii simple free tubular with lobular edges, xii– xxxv,xxxix round, xvi– xviii     G. (G.) r. nativuSn. ssp. Bartz & James 48–53 3.2–4.1 169–180 6.8:0.2:1.0:0.1:9.8 saddle, 1/2 xiv– 1/2 xxv flat bean shaped, xii 1 pair, U form, xi– xii simple free tubular with lobular edges, xii– lxxiv round, xvi– xviii     G. (G.) paStivuSn. sp. Bartz & James 126– 134 9.0 194–209 5.7:0.2:1:0.1:8.8 saddle, xv–xxii oval to rouded, xii 1 pair short U form, fused with SV simple enclosed large lobulated, xi– xvii flattaned short oval, xvi–1/3 xix     G. (G.) pampaSn. sp. Bartz & James 143– 244 7.0–8.1 198–352 4.4:0.1:1:0.1:6.3 saddle, xv–1/2 xxii, xxii egg shaped, xii unpaired, xi developed, united enclosed lobulated, like butterlfy wings, xi– xii, xiii short oval, xv–xviii    G. (G.)sp.1 Bartz & James - 5.5 - 5.6:0.2:1:0.1:4.7 annular, xv–xxv heart shaped, xii unpaired, xi developed, united free absent reniform, xv–xviii    G. (G.) colonorum Michaelsen, 1918 112– 175 3.5–6.5 175–323 aa = 2 ½ – 3 1/2 bc, dd = ca.1/2 u. saddle, xv–xx, xxi oval, xi unpaired, xi - - band shaped, xii– xvi/xvii flattened globular    G. (G.) minor Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1999 24–45 198–231 30:1:10:1:50 annular, xiv–xxiii xi/xii unpaired, xi - - band shaped, xi–l elongated, xiv–xix    G. (G.) truncatuS Rosa, 1895 80– 160 5.0–6.0 200–300 - annular, xvi–xxv xii 1 pair, U form, xi - enclosed tubular elongate, xi,xii–xviii long oval, xvii–xviii   G. (G.) uruguayenSiS uruguayenSiS Cordero, 1943 170– 221 230–285 42:1:8:1:52 saddle, xv–xxii oval, xii 1 pair, U form, xi incomplete enclosed big and lobulated, xi–xiv big oval, xiv–xviii  TABLE 2.Soil chemical and textural attributes from some areas where the new species of  Glossoscolexwerefound. Ca, Mg, Al in cmolc dm-3; bases, OM and clay in %; S, P, K, Cu, Zn, and B in mg dm-3. 1914265859 2010-11-09 COFM G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen Brazil 79 -29.718145 Santa Maria 1 -53.706997 7 555 BRRS0031 1 Rio Grande do Sul holotype 1914265855 2011-10-03 COFM G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen Brazil 79 -29.718145 Other 1 -53.706997 Santa Maria 7 555 BRRS0033 1 Rio Grande do Sul 1914265860 2010-09-08 COFM G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen Brazil 59 -29.821056 Uruguaiana 1 -57.082417 7 555 BRRS0034 1 Rio Grande do Sul 1914265850 2009-11-22 COFM G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen Brazil 121 -29.698107 Santa Maria 1 -53.755714 7 555 BRRS0036 1 Rio Grande do Sul 1914265856 2012-03-02 COFM G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen Brazil 438 -29.64875 Itaara 1 -53.744827 7 555 BRRS0037 1 Rio Grande do Sul 1914265846 MZUSP With & W. Ehrhardt & JoinVille Brazil riVer Itapocu 7 555 MZUSP121 15 Santa Catarina syntype 1914265851 2012-12-15 COFM G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen Brazil 79 -29.718145 Uncertain 1 -53.706997 Santa Maria 7 555 BRRS0035 1 Rio Grande do Sul