Smeringopus peregrinus Strand 1906b: 47–49 Strand 1907b: 569–571 Tullgren 1910: 122–123 Berland 1920: 129–130 S. peregrinoides S. kalomo Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae) HUBER, BERNHARD A. Zootaxa 2012 2012-09-07 3461 1 1 138 6YS62 Strand, 1906 Strand 1906 [151,613,151,177] Arachnida Pholcidae Smeringopus Animalia Araneae 92 93 Arthropoda species peregrinus   Figs. 8–10, 558–559, 572–573, 592–593, 609–625      Smeringopus peregrinus Strand 1906b: 47–49.  Strand 1907b: 569–571.  Tullgren 1910: 122–123, pl. 2, fig. 34a-d.  Berland 1920: 129–130. Misidentifications: Strand (1913)and Lessert (1915), see  S. peregrinoides; Kraus (1957), see  S. kalomo.   Types. Unspecifiednumber of juvenile specimens from Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Region, Moshi[ 3°20’S, 37°20’E], date not given (Wiedemann), apparently lost. Notes. Since  S. peregrinusas circumscribed herein and  S. peregrinoideshave overlapping distributions in northeastern Tanzania( Fig. 608), the identity of  S. peregrinusmay never be clarified beyond doubt. I follow Berland (1920)in considering the largely Kenyan species as  S. peregrinusand I follow Kraus (1957)in separating it from the more western  S. peregrinoides. However, the species treated by Kraus (1957)as  S. peregrinushas a much more southern distribution, far from the typelocality of  S. peregrinus(see  S. kalomo). Diagnosis. Distinguished from similar congeners by tip of procursus (distinctive membranous and sclerotized structures; Figs. 609, 610), by shape of embolus ( Figs. 611–613; prolateral view distinctive; similar  S. butareand  S. katanga), and by strongly curved ‘valve’ in internal female genitalia ( Fig. 593); from  S. peregrinoidesalso by longer and more downward directed cheliceral apophyses ( Figs. 614, 615) and absence of v-shaped or u-shaped structure frontally in female internal genitalia ( Figs. 592; females externally not distinguishable from  S. butare). Male (Wundanyi). Total body length 7.6, carapace width 2.3. Leg 1: 46.6 (12.4 + 1.1 + 12.0 + 18.4 + 2.7), tibia 2: 9.1, tibia 3: 7.1, tibia 4: 9.6; tibia 1 L/d: 47. Habitus as in Figs. 558 and 559. Carapace ochre-yellow with brown median and lateral marks, clypeus with pair of dark stripes, sternum brown with irregular light marks, legs light brown, femora and tibiae with lighter tips and subdistal dark rings, abdomen ochre-gray with distinct dorsal and ventral pattern. Distance PME-PME 160 µm, diameter PME 170 µm, distance PME-ALE 70 µm, distance AME-AME 45 µm, diameter AME 170 µm. Ocular area slightly elevated, secondary eyes with ‘pseudo-lenses’; deep thoracic pit. Chelicerae as in Figs. 614 and 615, with downward directed distal apophyses. Palps as in Figs. 572 and 573, coxa with distinct retrolateral apophysis and shallow wide furrow, trochanter barely modified, femur with retrolateral furrow with distinct rim proximally, procursus with distinctive distal structures ( Figs. 609, 610), without prolateral membranous projection, bulb with distinctively shaped prolateral process on embolus ( Figs. 611–613, 617). Legs without spines, few vertical hairs, with curved hairs on tibiae and metatarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 3%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1. Gonopore with two epiandrous spigots ( Fig. 618); ALS with eight spigots each ( Fig. 619).   FIGURES 584–591.  Smeringopus peregrinusgroup, left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views, epigynum, and cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 584–585.  S. dundo. 586–587.  S. similis. 588–591.  S. moxico.   FIGURES 592–607.  Smeringopus peregrinusgroup, epigyna, ventral views and cleared female genitalia, dorsal views. 592–593.  S. peregrinus. 594–595.  S. peregrinoides. 596–597.  S. butare. 598–599.  S. katanga. 600–601.  S. kalomo. 602–603.  S. chibububo. 604–605.  S. dundo. 606–607.  S. similis. Variation. The ventral abdominal bands may be undivided or divided into many spots; the ventral process of the embolus may be slightly wider (in prolateral view; male from Kilifi); in some specimens the retrolateral pointed process on the embolus (arrow in Fig. 613) is very indistinct (males from Ol Donyo Sabuk and Tana River). Tibia 1 in 37 males: 6.9–15.7 (mean 10.6). Female. In general similar to male; tibia 1 in 42 females: 6.9–15.1 (mean 10.1). Epigynum a simple trapezoidal to triangular plate with pair of semicircular pockets ( Figs. 592, 620); internal genitalia as in Figs. 593, 616, and 621, with strongly curved frontal ark. Distribution. Widely distributed in Kenya, eastern Uganda, and northeastern Tanzania( Fig. 608); the two records from Madagascarare from Antananarivo(one of them explicitly from a building), suggesting that the species has been introduced to Madagascarby humans.   FIGURE 608.Known distribution of the  peregrinusgroup.  S. butareand  S. peregrinusare represented by triangles in order to facilitate distinction from  S. peregrinoides. Squares: further undescribed species.  Materialexamined.  KENYA:  Coast Prov.: Taita Hills, Wundanyi, in hotel ( 3°24.2’S, 38°21.8’E),  1405 ma.s.l.,  18.–19.i.2010( B.A. Huber), 2♂ 1♀in ZFMK( Ar8553); same data, 2♂ 3♀in pure ethanol in ZFMK( Ken92).  Taita Discovery Center[~ 3.0°S, 38.4°E],  8.–15.i.2002( E. Selempo), 1♀in MRAC(212939).  Kilaguni Camp[~ 2°54’S, 38°03’E],  23.vi.1979( N. Scharff), 2♀in ZMUC.  Tsavo West, Kasigau[ 3°49’S, 38°39’E],  645–1100 ma.s.l., forest,  6.xii.2000(R. Jocqué), 1♀in MRAC(209968).  Tsavo West, Mzima Springs[ 2°59’S, 38°01’E], under rocks,  15.iv.1989( F. Coyle, R. Bennett), 1♀in AMNH. “ Régioncôtière, Kiwi” ( Mombasa, according to Berland 1920), st. n o3,  28.-30.x.1911( Alluaud, Jeannel), 1 juv.prosoma, in MNHN( AR 10473).  Watamu[ 3°20’S, 40°01’E], beach litter,  12.ix.1984( Murphy), 1♂in CJFM(12395).  Kilifi[ 3°38’S, 39°52’E], coastal scrub,  10 ma.s.l.,  2.ix.1977( Murphy), 2♂ 1♀in CJFM(5980); same data but coconut grove, 1♀in CJFM(6299);  Kilifi, garden scrub, 4./  5.ix.1977(2 vials) ( Murphy), 3♀in CJFM(6023, 6068);  Kilifi, beach litter,  viii.1980( Murphy), 1♀in CJFM(9164).  Malindi[ 3°13’S, 40°07’E],  19.ii.1982(R.R. Jackson), 1♂ 1♀+ juvs in BMNH.  15 kmS [SW] Malindi, Gedi Ruins[ 3°18.5’S, 40°01.0’E],  30.vi.1979( N. Scharff), 1♀in ZMUC;  Gedi Forestnear Gediruins ( 3°18.5’S, 40°01.1’E),  30 ma.s.l., under stone,  22.i.2010( B.A. Huber), 1♂ 1♀in pure ethanol in ZFMK ( Ken103).  Rift Valley:  Kitale, Kaipos[ 1°12’N, 35°08’E], house,  2000 ma.s.l.,  30.vi.1972( Murphy) 1♂in CJFM(1412).  Lake Naivasha[~ 0°45’S, 36°20’E], shrubs,  1900 ma.s.l.,  3.viii.1974( Murphy), 1♀in CJFM(3873).  Lake Naivasha, Fisherman’s Camp(~ 0°45’S, 36°20’E),  19.x.1992(V. & B. Roth), 1♀in CAS.  Naivasha, st. n o14,  1.xii.1911( Alluaud, Jeannel), 2♂ 4♀7 juvs. (2 vials) in MNHN( AR 10480, 10487).  Longonotcrater [ 0°55’S, 36°27’E], st. n o26,  xii.1911( Alluaud, Jeannel), 1♂ 1♀in MNHN( AR 10489).  Hell’s Gate N.P., Lower Gorge( 0°53.6’S, 36°19.2’E),  1850 ma.s.l.,  5.ii.2010( B.A. Huber), 3♂ 1♀in ZFMK( Ar8554); same data, 1♂ 2♀in pure ethanol in ZFMK( Ken147).  Kajiado[ 1°50’S, 36°47.5’E], road culverts,  v.1973, collector not given, 3♂ 2♀in BMNH.  Mpala Ranch[ 0°18’N, 36°51’E],  19.iv.2002(R. Jocqué, C. Warui), 1♂in MRAC(212190); same locality, near river in litter and under dead logs,  20.iv.2002(R. Jocqué, C. Warui), 1♀in MRAC(212221).  Between Nanyukiand Nyahururu, under bridge ( 0°02.1’N, 36°41.8’E),  1940 ma.s.l.,  30.i.2010( B.A. Huber), 2♂ 2♀in pure ethanol in ZFMK ( Ken129).  Nairobi:  Nairobi[~ 1°16’S, 36°49’E], coll. C.S. Belton, date not given, 6♂ 4♀in BMNH(99.1215-713).  Forêt de Nairobi, st. n o11,  22.-27.xi.1911(Alluaud, Jeannel), 3♂ 2♀in MNHN( AR 10495).   FIGURES 609–616.  Smeringopus peregrinus. 609. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 610. Left procursus, prolateral view. 611–613. Left embolus, prolateral, dorsal, and ventral (slightly prolateral) views (arrow points to variable structure; see text). 614–615. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 616. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.   FIGURES 617–625.  Smeringopus peregrinus. 617. Left embolus, ventral (slightly prolateral) view. 618. Male gonopore. 619. Male ALS. 620. Epigynum. 621. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 622. Detail of pore plate. 623. Silk ball (from web shown in Fig. 8). 624–625. Details of silk ball. Scale lines: 8 µm (625), 10 µm (624), 30 µm (619), 40 µm (622), 60 µm (618), 80 µm (623), 100 µm (617), 200 µm (620–621).  Eastern Prov.:  Athi River[ 1°27’S, 36°59’E],  1530 ma.s.l.,  19.x.1957( E.S. Ross, R. E. Leech), 1♂in CAS.   15 miSW of Nairobi[~ 1°23’S, 36°55’E], 5400’ a.s.l.,  15.i.1970(M.E. Irwin, E.S. Ross), 1♂ 4♀in CAS.   25 miSW of Nairobi[~ 1°27’S, 36°59’E], under rocks,  20.xi.1969(M.E. Irwin, E.S. Ross), 1♂in CAS.  Gonkonyi River, at slopes and in tunnel under road ( 1°56.8’S, 37°18.2’E),  1340 ma.s.l.,  25.i.2010( B.A. Huber), 2♂ 2♀in ZFMK( Ar8555); same data, 3♀in pure ethanol in ZFMK( Ken106).  Machakos Distr., “ Mokweni” [ 1°49’S, 37°47’E?], 3500’ a.s.l.,  iv.1965( D.M. Sillou), 1♂in MRAC(128381).  Tsavo National ParkEast, Education Center[ 2°46’S, 38°47’E?],  4.vi.1975( A.J. Penniman), 2♀ 1 juv.in AMNH.  Murera, near gate of Meru National Park[ 0°18’N, 38°07’E], riverine forest,  24.iv.2004(R. Jocqué, C. Warui, van den Spiegel), 1♂in MRAC(215395).  Ol Donyo Sabuk N.P., under stone at roadside ( 1°08.1’S, 37°15.1’E),  2070 ma.s.l.,  26.i.2010( B.A. Huber), 1♂in ZFMK( Ar8556);  Ol Donyo Sabuk N.P., in buffalo sculls at main gate (~ 1°06.2’S, 37°16.4’E), ~  1400 ma.s.l.,  26.i.2010( B.A. Huber), 1♂ 1♀in pure ethanol in ZFMK( Ken115).   4 kmS Isiolo[ 0°19’N, 37°34’E],  1250 ma.s.l.,  26.xi.1957(E.S. Ross, R. E. Leech), 1♀in CAS.  Kiboko, Hunter’s Lodge[ 2°16.5’S, 37°49.5’E], “Grotte à Otomops”,  27.ix.1975( P. Strinati, V. Aellen), 2♀in MHNG.  Central Prov.:  Mount Kenya, Naro-Morutrack [~ 0°10’S, 37°10’E],  25.vii.1975(R. Bosmans), 1♂in MRAC(161804).  Mount Kenya,  vii.1975(R. Bosmans), 1♀in MRAC(161926).  Thika, Fourteen Falls[ 1°04’S, 37°15.5’E],  4.viii.1969(R. D. Charles), 3♀ 1 juv.in MRAC(136458).  Unidentifiedlocalities in  Kenya: “Ngunga”,  29.viii.1909( G.M. Allen), 1♂in MCZ(34029). “ Tana River”, Chanier Exp., date not given, 1♂in USNM. “ Fort Hall”, st. n o30,  4.i.1912( Alluaud, Jeannel), 1♂ 1 juv.in MNHN( AR 10472).    TANZANIA:  Arusha Region: Arusha[ 3°22’S, 36°41’E],  4.ix.1972( P.L.G. Benoit), 1♂ 2♀2 juvs in MRAC(141744).  Meru, Sjöstedtleg., date not given, 1♀in ZMB[this might be the female studied by Tullgren (1910), originating from “Meru: Ngare na nyuki” = Ngare Nanyuki, 3°08’S, 36°53’E].  Kilimanjaro, Meru-Expedition, 1905-1906 ( Y. Sjöstedt), material identified and described by Tullgren (1910), 1♂ 1♀in MNHN( AR 10492) [these might be Tullgren’s specimens from Kibonoto=Kibongoto, ~ 3°11’S, 37°06’E].  Westflank of Ngorongoro Crater[~ 3°12’S, 35°29’E],  1750 ma.s.l.,  23.x.1957( E.S. Ross, R. E. Leech), 1♀in CAS.   Tanga Region: Amani[ 5°06’S, 38°38’E],  iv.1905( Vosseler), 1♂in ZMB[this is the male studied by Strand (1907b)]. Mkomazi [ 4°38’S, 38°05’E], thick grass below  Commiphoratrees,  25.i.1996( A. Russell-Smith), 3♂ 1♀in ZFMK( Ar8557).   UGANDA:  Eastern Region: Bukedi Distr., Tororo Hill[ 0°41’N, 34°11’E],  17.xii.1968(R. D. Charles), 3♂(2 vials) in MRAC(136448, 136450).   MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo[~ 18°55’S, 47°31’E], in building,  16.iii.1992(V. Roth), 2♂ 4♀in CAS.  Antananarivo, Manakambahini[ 18°56.0’S, 47°32.2’E],  18.iii.1990( W.E. Steiner), 2♂ 1♀in USNM. 3747820880 2010-01-18 2010-01-19 2010-01-18 ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar Kenya Material 1405 -3.4033334 Hills 130 38.363335 Coast Prov. 96 97 3 1 2 Taita/Taveta 3747820451 [813,1433,1200,1224] 2010-01-18 2010-01-19 2010-01-18 ZFMK Ken Kenya Material 1405 -3.4033334 Hills 130 38.363335 Coast Prov. 96 97 5 3 2 Taita/Taveta 3747820498 [151,1244,1236,1260] 2002-01-08 2002-01-15 2002-01-08 MRAC E. Selempo Kenya -3.0 Discovery Center 7850 38.4 96 97 1 1 Taita/Taveta 3747820799 1979-06-23 ZMUC N. Scharff Kenya -2.9 Kilaguni Camp 1307 38.05 96 97 2 2 Taita/Taveta 3747820488 2000-12-06 R, MRAC Jocque Kenya 873 -3.8166666 Kasigau 1307 38.65 Tsavo West 96 97 1 1 Taita/Taveta 3747820517 1989-04-15 R, AMNH F. Coyle & Bennett Kenya -2.9833333 Mzima Springs 1307 38.016666 Tsavo West 96 97 1 1 Taita/Taveta 3747820458 1911-10-28 1911-10-30 1911-10-28 MNHN Alluaud & Jeannel Kenya Kiwi Region 96 97 AR 10473 1 Mombasa 3747820456 1984-09-12 CJFM Murphy Kenya -3.3333333 Watamu 1307 40.016666 96 97 1 1 Mombasa 3747820730 1977-09-02 CJFM Murphy Kenya 10 -3.6333332 Kilifi 1307 39.866665 96 97 3 1 2 Kilifi 3747820783 [720,1274,1455,1479] 1977-09-02 CJFM Murphy Kenya 10 -3.6333332 Kilifi 1307 39.866665 96 97 1 1 Kilifi 3747820404 1977-09-05 CJFM Murphy Kenya Kilifi 96 97 3 3 Kilifi 3747820785 1980-08 CJFM Murphy Kenya Kilifi 96 97 1 1 Kilifi 3747820536 [324,1249,1527,1551] 1982-02-19 R, BMNH Jackson Kenya -3.2166667 Malindi 1307 40.116665 96 97 2 1 1 Kilifi 3747820899 1979-06-30 ZMUC N. Scharff Kenya -3.3083334 Gedi Ruins 130 40.016666 Malindi 96 97 1 1 Kilifi 3747820660 2010-01-22 ZFMK B. A. Huber Kenya 30 -3.3083334 Gedi 130 40.018333 Gedi Forest 96 97 2 1 1 Kilifi 3747820847 [1315,1432,1599,1623] Kenya Ken 96 97 1 Kilifi 3747820525 [330,1432,1635,1659] 1972-06-30 CJFM Murphy 2000 1.2 Kaipos 1308 35.133335 Kitale 96 97 1 1 3747820842 [151,1363,1671,1695] 1974-08-03 CJFM Murphy 1900 -0.75 Lake Naivasha 1308 36.333332 96 97 1 1 3747820491 1992-10-19 V, CAS B. Roth -0.75 Fisherman's Camp 1308 36.333332 Lake Naivasha 96 97 1 1 3747820365 1911-12 2010-02-05 1911-12 MNHN, ZFMK Alluaud & Jeannel Naivasha 1850 -0.8933333 Jeannel 130 36.32 Alluaud 96 97 AR 10480, 10487, AR 10489 12 6 6 3747820734 1911-12 2010-02-05 1911-12 MNHN, ZFMK Alluaud & Jeannel Naivasha 1850 -0.8933333 Jeannel 130 36.32 Alluaud 96 97 AR 10480, 10487, AR 10489 12 6 6 3747820571 1911-12 2010-02-05 1911-12 MNHN, ZFMK B. A. Huber Naivasha 1850 -0.8933333 Jeannel 130 36.32 Alluaud 96 97 AR 10480, 10487, AR 10489 12 6 6 3747820828 1911-12 2010-02-05 1911-12 ZFMK Ken Naivasha 1850 -0.8933333 Jeannel 130 36.32 Alluaud 96 97 3 2 1 3747820583 1973-05 BMNH -1.8333333 Kajiado 930 36.791668 96 97 5 2 3 Kajiado 3747820405 [248,1272,1892,1916] 2002-04-19 R, MRAC Jocque, C & Warui 0.3 Mpala Ranch 1308 36.85 96 97 1 1 Kajiado 3747820634 2002-04-20 R, MRAC Jocque, C & Warui 0.3 Mpala Ranch 1308 36.85 96 97 1 1 Kajiado 3747820631 2010-01-30 ZFMK B. A. Huber 1940 0.035 Nyahururu 130 36.696667 Between Nanyuki 96 97 4 2 2 Kajiado 3747820513 [354,471,2000,2024] Ken 96 97 1 Kajiado 3747820461 [300,1366,151,175] BMNH C. S. Belton -1.2666667 Nairobi 1308 36.816666 97 98 10 4 6 3747820791 1911-11-22 1911-11-27 1911-11-22 MNHN de Nairobi Foret de Nairobi 97 98 AR 10495 5 2 3 3747820576 [366,1397,1468,1492] 1957-10-19 R, CAS E. S. Ross & E. Leech 1530 -1.45 Athi 1308 36.983334 98 99 1 1 Rivers 3747820592 1970-01-15 CAS Irwin & E. S. Ross -1.3833333 15 mi SW of Nairobi 1308 36.916668 98 99 5 4 1 Rivers 3747820421 1969-11-20 CAS Irwin & E. S. Ross -1.45 25 mi SW of Nairobi 1308 36.983334 98 99 1 1 Rivers 3747820952 2010-01-25 ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar 1340 -1.9466667 Gonkonyi 130 37.303333 98 99 4 2 2 Rivers 3747820440 [235,845,1612,1636] 2010-01-25 ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar 1340 -1.9466667 Ken 130 37.303333 98 99 3 3 Rivers 3747820733 1965-04 MRAC D. M. Sillou -1.8166666 Mokweni 1308 37.783333 98 99 1 1 Machakos 3747820601 1975-06-04 AMNH A. J. Penniman -2.7666667 Education 1307 38.783333 Tsavo National Park 98 99 3 2 Centre 3747820358 2004-04-24 R, MRAC Jocque, C & Warui & van den Spiegel 0.3 National Park 1308 38.116665 Murera 98 99 1 1 Meru 3747820447 2010-01-26 ZFMK B. A. Huber 2070 -1.135 130 37.251667 98 99 1 1 Meru 3747820537 2010-01-26 ZFMK B. A. Huber 1400 -1.1033334 130 37.273335 98 99 2 1 1 Meru 3747820315 1957-11-26 R, CAS Ross & E. Leech 1250 0.31666666 4 km S Isiolo 1308 37.566666 98 99 1 1 Isiolo 3747820937 1975-09-27 MHNG P. Strinati & V. Aellen -2.275 Hunter's Lodge 130 37.825 Kiboko 98 99 2 2 Isiolo 3747820955 1975-07-25 R, MRAC Bosmans Kenya -0.16666667 Mount 1308 37.166668 Naro-Moru 98 99 1 1 3747820352 [276,1048,1972,1997] 1975-07 R, MRAC Bosmans Kenya Mount 98 99 1 1 3747820618 1969-08-04 R, MRAC D. Charles Kenya -1.0666667 Thika 930 37.258335 Fourteen Falls 98 99 4 3 3747820584 [493,1264,151,176] 1909-08-29 MCZ G. M. Allen Kenya Unidentified 99 100 1 1 3747820895 USNM Kenya Tana River 99 100 1 1 Tana River 3747820906 1912-01-04 MNHN Alluaud & Jeannel Kenya Fort Hall 99 100 AR 10472 2 1 Tana River 3747820976 1972-09-04 MRAC, ZMB P.L.G. Benoit Tanzania -3.1333334 Arusha Region 1307 36.883335 99 100 4 3 1 Arusha 3747820396 1972-09-04 MRAC, ZMB Tanzania -3.1333334 Arusha Region 1307 36.883335 99 100 4 3 1 Arusha 3747820745 1957-10-23 MNHN, R, CAS E. S. Ross & E. Leech Tanzania Meru-Expedition 1750 -3.2 Ngorongoro Crater 1307 35.483334 West 99 100 AR 10492 3 2 1 Kilimanjaro 3747820757 1957-10-23 MNHN, R, CAS E. S. Ross & E. Leech Tanzania Meru-Expedition 1750 -3.2 Ngorongoro Crater 1307 35.483334 West 99 100 AR 10492 3 2 1 Kilimanjaro 3747820865 1905-04 1996-01-25 1905-04 ZMB, ZFMK A. Russell-Smith & Ar Tanzania -4.633333 Vosseler 1306 38.083332 Amani 99 100 5 1 4 Tanga 3747820480 1905-04 1996-01-25 1905-04 ZMB, ZFMK A. Russell-Smith & Ar Tanzania -4.633333 Vosseler 1306 38.083332 Amani 99 100 5 1 4 Tanga 3747820547 1968-12-17 R, MRAC D. Charles Uganda Eastern Region 0.68333334 Hill 1308 34.183334 Bukedi Distr. 99 100 3 3 Tororo 3747820877 [199,1432,623,647] 1992-03-16 V, CAS Roth Madagascar -18.916666 Antananarivo 1273 47.516666 99 100 6 4 2 Antananarivo 3747820425 [151,1273,658,682] 1990-03-18 USNM W. E. Steiner Madagascar -18.933332 Manakambahini 127 47.536667 99 100 3 1 2 Antananarivo