Contribution to the aphid fauna (Homoptera, Aphidinea) of the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District and the krai city of Norilsk, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Metopolophium Stekolshchikov, Andrey V. Khruleva, Olga A. Zootaxa 2020 2020-03-05 4748 1 87 118 Stekolshchikov & Khruleva, 2020 Stekolshchikov & Khruleva 2020 [151,474,537,564] Insecta Aphididae Metopolophium Animalia Aphidomorpha 16 103 Arthropoda species taimyricum sp. nov.  ( Figs. 16–33, Tabl. 3–4)   Type material.  Holotype:apterous viviparous female, No. 10875, slide No. 1, specimen 3 (the left specimen in the bottom row) “  Metopolophium taimyricum  sp. nov., sweeping on  Hedysarum hedysaroidessubsp. arcticum , Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenets District, near to Pyasino Lake ( 70° 04ˊ N, 87° 39ˊ E), 24.vii.2001, leg. О.А. Khruleva”.  Paratypes: 1 fund., No. 10869, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenets District, the upper course of the Nizhnaya Agapa River ( 70° 05ˊ N, 87° 26ˊ E), 3.vii.2001, forb-grassy meadow in a creek valley, sweeping on  Hedysarum hedysaroidessubsp. arcticum; 3 apt., No. 10873, the same locality, 19.vii.2001, patchy herb-moss tundra, sweeping; 4 apt., 1 al., No. 10875, the same locality and date as holotype, the rocky top of hill with patchy legume-herb-dryad-moss tundra, sweeping on  Hedysarum hedysaroidessubsp. arcticum; 4 apt., No. 10879, the same locality as No. 10869, 28.vii.2001, willow-herb-dryad-moss tundra on the top of hill, sweeping; 1 al., No. 10880, the same locality as No. 10869, 28.vii.2001, forb-grass meadow in a creek valley, sweeping; 2 apt., 1 al., No. 10883, the same locality as No. 10869, 29.vii.2001, sweeping; 4 fund., No. 10889, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenets District, near to Medusa Bay, Varavikova River ( 13 kmsouth of Dikson Vill., 73° 24ˊ N, 80° 44ˊ E), 22–27.vii.2002, gravelly south-facing slope of the river terrace with spotted willow-dryad-moss cover, pitfall traps; 16 fund., 2 apt., 1 al., 22 males, 6 ovip., No. 10891, the same locality as No. 10889, 2.vii–4.viii.2004, pitfall traps; 1 fund., No. 10892, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenets District, near to Efremov Kamen’ Bay, Maksimovka River ( 32 kmsouth of Dikson Vill., 73° 14ˊ N, 80° 44ˊ E), 5–30.vii.2004, river floodplain with willow-legume-moss cover, pitfall traps; 1 fund., No. 10893, the same locality as No. 10892, 5–30.vii.2004, gravelly dry plot in the river valley with a forb-moss-dryad cover, pitfall traps; 1 al., No. 10894, the same locality as No. 10892, 5–30.vii.2004, damp bank of river with a forb-dwarf willow-moss cover, pitfall traps; 1 fund., 1 apt., 1 ovip., No. 10908, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenets District, the Ary-Mas area ( 72° 28ˊ N, 101° 55ˊ E), 8.vii.2010, mesophytic forb-grassy meadow with willows shrubs on the high layer floodplain, sweeping; 7 fund., 1 apt., No. 10909, the same locality as No. 10908, 11.vii.2010, dry edge of high layer of floodplain with forb-grass-dryad cover, sweeping; 1 fund., 4 apt., 1 al., No. 10911, the same locality as No. 10908, 14.vii.2010, dry sandy floodplain with forb-grass rarefied cover, sweeping; 6 apt., 1 al., No. 10914, the same locality as No. 10908, 19.vii.2010, edge of high layer floodplain with willow-herb-dryad cover, sweeping; 1 fund., No. 10915, the same locality as No. 10908, 21.vii.2010, sweeping; 1 fund., 22 apt., 3 al., 16 ovip., No. 10919, the same locality and biotope as No. 10909, 23.vii.2010, sweeping; 1 apt., 1 al., 1 ovip., No. 10921, the same locality and biotope as No. 10911, 24.vii.2010, sweeping.   Holotypeis deposited at ZIN RAS; paratypesare deposited at ZIN RAS, the Natural History Museum( London, United Kingdom) and Muséumnational d’Histoirenaturelle ( Paris, France).   Etymology.The name  taimyricumis supposed Latin demonym of Taymyr.   Description. Fundatrix.Body broadly elliptical, 1.6–1.9 (1.7) times as long as wide. Colour of living specimens unknown. Paired or unpaired marginal tubercles sometimes present on meso- and metathorax, total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–11 (1.8). Ratio of depth of sinus to distance between bases of antennae 0.09–0.25 (0.15). Third antennal segment with 0–4 (1.3) rhinaria near base. Ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped or elongate wedge-shaped, 1.4–2.0 (1.7) times as long as its basal width. Peritremes on abdominal segments I and II widely spaced. Cauda finger-shaped or elongate triangular.  Apterous viviparous female.Body elongate elliptical, almost spindle-shaped, wide in the middle of abdomen (III–IV segments) and gradually getting narrow to the head and to the end of the abdomen, 1.8–2.1 (1.9) times as long as wide. Colour of living specimens unknown. Cleared specimens with antennae gradually darkening to the apex from very light-brown 1st segment to brown processus terminalis; with brown ultimate rostral segment; apices of tibiae and tarsi and the very apices of siphunculi brown; outer surface of femora light-brown; head, rostrum (except ultimate rostral segment), legs, peritremes, siphunculi, anal and subgenital plates and cauda very light-brown. Thorax and abdomen not sclerotized, pale, membranous, only VIII abdominal tergite with very light-brown and almost invisible band. Surface of head, thoracic dorsum and abdominal tergites I–VII smooth, wrinkled; cuticle on head, pro- and mesothorax intensely rugose, on metathorax and abdominal tergites I–VII weakly wrinkled, on VIII abdominal tergite with short rows of small pointed spinules, which partially fuse to form scales; thoracic venter smooth with short scales formed by small pointed spinules in base of coxae; ventral abdomen with long rows of small spinules, sometimes forming strongly elongate cells. Setae on thoracic and abdominal dorsum strongly blunt, almost rod-like, or weakly capitate; ventral thoracic and abdominal setae pointed or, rarely, blunt. Paired or unpaired marginal tubercles often present on prothorax and abdominal segments II–IV and rarely also on abdominal segment V; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–10 (4.9). Marginal tubercles not large (medial diameter of siphunculus 2.3–7.0 (3.9) times as long as width of the largest marginal tubercle), from semicircular to flat. Spinal tubercles absent. Head with epicranial suture more or less distinct. Frontal tubercles well developed, antennal tubercles rather high, divergent, median tubercle not high, but clearly visible; frons with sinus, ratio of depth of sinus to distance between bases of antennae 0.16–0.34 (0.22). Setae on head blunt or weakly capitate. Antennae 6- segmented, 1st and 2nd antennal segments slightly wrinkled, almost smooth, 2nd segment ventrally with rare short scales, 3rd–6th segments with large scales which are almost invisible on 3rd segment and well-defined on 5–6th segments. Third antennal segment with 2–10 (4.0–7.0) rhinaria near base of segment. Rhinaria are round or oval, relatively small (with internal diameter 8–25 μm), very weakly protuberant, barely or not at all protruding above the surface of the segment. Antennae with blunt or weakly capitate setae on 1st–4th segments and pointed ones on 5th– 6th segments. Rostrum reaching to mesothorax. Ultimate rostral segment elongate, wedge-shaped, with slightly, but clearly convex sides, 1.7–2.2 (1.9) times as long as its basal width. Legs long, setae on legs blunt or pointed, on tarsi only pointed. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 3 (rarely on one hind leg the first tarsal segment has 2 setae). Arms of mesosternal furca connected by wide base. Spiracles reniform. Peritremes on abdominal segments I and II separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme, sometimes continuous, rarely fused or widely spaced. Siphunculi long, with distinct flange, with imbrication increasing distally, with conical base, then almost cylindrical, sometimes very slightly, almost unnoticeably swollen before flange. Subgenital plate oval, with pointed setae on anterior half and blunt or pointed setae along the hind margin. Setae on anal plate finely pointed. Cauda finger-shaped with rounded apex, often with a slight constriction at mid-length and long, finely pointed setae.  Measurements of holotype.Body—3309×1756; antenna—2925: III—718×42 (in the middle), IV—511, V— 483, VI—195+745; hind femur—1015; hind tibia—1888; siphunculus—620×61 (in the middle); cauda—455×253 (at base) ×202 (before base). For more biometric data see Tables 3–4.  Alate viviparous female.Body elongate oval, 2.2–2.7 (2.4) times as long as wide. Colour of living specimens unknown. Cleared specimens with brown thorax. Abdomen with more or less hardly visible large light brown or brown marginal sclerites. Surface of head, pro- and mesothorax weakly wrinkled, smooth. Total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 1–8 (5.6). Head without epicranial suture. Median tubercle weakly developed. Ratio of depth of sinus to distance between bases of antennae 0.12–0.26. Third antennal segment with 7–13 (9.5) rhinaria spaced evenly along the segment, 4th and 5th segments without rhinaria. Rhinaria round or oval, sometimes relatively large (up to 30 μm), weakly protuberant, with external diameter 4.0–8.2 times as long as their height, spaced evenly along the segment. Ultimate rostral segment 1.8–2.5 (2.1) times as long as its basal width. Peritremes on abdominal segments I and II separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme, sometimes continuous or fused. Cauda finger-shaped or elongate triangular with almost pointed apex.  Male.Apterous. Body elongate elliptical, almost spindle-shaped, 2.0–2.6 (2.3) times as long as wide. Colour of living specimens unknown. Abdominal dorsum sometimes more or less visible light brown, sclerotized bands on abdominal tergites VII–VIII and sometimes with spinal sclerites of different size and brown intersegmental muscle sclerites on tergites II–VI; spinal sclerites rarely fused, forming short and interrupted band. Surface of head weakly wrinkled; abdominal tergite VI with sparse, short rows of small, pointed spinules which on tergites VII–VIII partially fuse to form short scales. Paired or unpaired marginal tubercles sometimes present on prothorax and on abdominal segments I–IV; total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–5 (1.3). Head without epicranial suture. Median tubercle low, inconspicuous, ratio of depth of sinus to distance between bases of antennae 0.09–0.21 (0.16). Third antennal segment with 26–52 (35.5), 4th segment with 17–33 (25.9), 5th antennal segment with 13–27 (18.1), and base of 6th antennal segment with 0–1 (0.1) rhinaria. Rostrum reaching to meso- or metathorax. Peri- tremes on abdominal segments I and II separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme. Cauda elongate triangular with almost pointed apex.   TABLE 3.Biometric data for fundatrices, apterous and alate viviparous females of  Metopolophium taimyricum sp. nov.    Fundatrices Apterous viviparous females Alate viviparous females  Number of samples/specimens 10/35 11/50 9/11  Length of body 2243–3121 (2497–3061) 2507–3340 (2639–3266) 2700–3147 (2905)  Length of antenna 1621–2353 (1824–2279) 2094–3090 (2112–2941) 2304–3057 (2790)  Length of antenna/length of body 0.65–0.80 (0.66–0.79) 0.74–1.01 (0.81–0.89) 0.84–1.02 (0.95)  Hind femur length 634–873 (701–850) 746–1137 (835–1076) 843–1020 (934)  length/length of body 0.26–0.32 (0.28) 0.31–0.38 (0.33) 0.29–0.34 (0.32)  length/head width across the compound eyes 1.30–1.61 (1.42–1.61) 1.48–1.97 (1.52–1.85) 1.84–1.93 (1.89)  Hind tibia length 1117–1533 (1209–1472) 1350–2061 (1538–1992) 1624–1949 (1772)  length/length of body 0.44–0.52 (0.49) 0.54–0.68 (0.60) 0.58–0.65 (0.61)  Head width across the compound eyes 487–564 (502–546) 506–602 (569) 515–534 (526)  Setae on head occipital length 23–35 (28) 25–40 (33) 25–35 (30)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.69–1.27 (0.94) 0.71–1.33 (0.81–1.08) 0.71–1.17 (0.91)  frontal length 25–38 (33) 30–43 (37) 23–38 (32)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.77–1.36 (1.10) 0.84–1.52 (0.95–1.23) 0.72–1.25 (0.96)  on 1st antennal segment number 5–11 (6.0–8.0) 5–11 (6.3–9.3) 5–10 (7.6)  length 18–35 (26) 18–38 (27) 20–33 (25)  on 3rd antennal segment number 13–21 (14.5–20.0) 16–31 (17.5–27.3) 16–28 (21.6)  length 15–25 (20) 18–25 (21) 20–25 (22)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.50–0.82 (0.62–0.77) 0.47–0.86 (0.53–0.77) 0.57–0.77 (0.66)  on base of last antennal number 3–6 (4.1) 3–6 (4.1) 3–6 (4.3)  segment length/articular diameter of base of last antennal segment 0.71–1.07 (0.86) 0.67–1.14 (0.78–0.96) 0.80–1.33 (1.03)  length of ventral seta on hind trochanter/basal diameter of hind femur 0.42–0.65 (0.53) 0.35–0.63 (0.43–0.57) 0.36–0.54 (0.44)  on hind femur length of longest dorsal 20–35 (27) 23–34 (28) 23–30 (27)  ventral 25–38 (30) 28–38 (31) 23–30 (27)  dorso-apical 18–28 (24) 20–28 (24) 20–28 (24)  on hind tibia longest dorsal 35–66 (43–58) 38–53 (45) 34–48 (40)  longest dorsal/mid-diameter of hind tibia 0.81–1.41 (0.92–1.28) 0.76–1.26 (0.93) 0.84–1.06 (0.94)  number on 2nd segment of hind tarsus dorsal 2–3 (2.1) 2–4 (2.8) 2–4 (2.9)  ventral 3–7 (4.5) 5–9 (6.3–9.0) 6–8 (6.9)  on abdominal number of spinal and marginal 8–15 (11.0–14.0) 10–19 (12.0–16.5) 13–20 (14.8)  tergite III spinal length 15–30 (23) 18–33 (25) 25–33 (29)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.57–1.04 (0.62–0.85) 0.52–1.14 (0.64–0.82) 0.71–1.08 (0.89)  ......continued on the next page   TABLE 3.(Continued)    marginal length 15–33 (26) 20–35 (28) 25–38 (30)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.57–1.13 (0.72–1.02) 0.60–1.08 (0.73–1.00) 0.79–1.25 (0.92)  ventral length 30–48 (39) 30–49 (41) 38–51 (43)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 1.00–1.58 (1.20–1.50) 0.80–1.62 (1.05–1.50) 1.07–1.67 (1.31)  number on abdominal tergite VI between siphunculi 2–7 (3.5–6.0) 4–8 (5.7) 4–7 (5.2)  on abdominal number 4–10 (6.7) 5–14 (6.5–11.5) 6–10 (7.8)  tergite VIII length 35–61 (38–56) 38–58 (47) 43–61 (52)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 1.12–2.20 (1.20–2.10) 1.07–1.90 (1.19–1.65) 1.36–2.00 (1.61)  number on sub- on anterior half 2–14 (3.0–8.9) 2–12 (3.0–8.5) 3–11 (6.6)  genital plate along the hind margin 7–17 (9.0–17.0) 8–18 (12.5) 10–14 (12.2)  Last antennal seg- length of base 139–229 (159–206) 152–253 (165–210) 152–234 (194)  ment length of processus terminalis 245–354 (266–349) 458–757 (459–705) 468–716 (620)  length of processus terminalis/length of base of last antennal segment 1.38–2.38 (1.38–2.15) 2.31–3.92 (2.80–3.59) 2.57–3.76 (3.27)  Ultimate rostral number of accessory setae 4–7 (5.8) 5–8 (6.1) 6–7 (6.1)  segment length 109–132 (114–130) 114–142 (121–138) 124–141 (134)  length/ head width across the compound eyes 0.21–0.26 (0.23) 0.22–0.25 (0.23) 0.26–0.27  2nd segment of hind tarsus 0.75–0.93 (0.76–0.90) 0.73–0.89 (0.82) 0.75–0.87 (0.82)  base of last antennal segment 0.56–0.84 (0.61–0.72) 0.51–0.81 (0.70) 0.59–0.83 (0.69)  2nd segment of hind tarsus length 129–159 (135–157) 134–180 (148–175) 144–169 (160)  length/ maximum width 3.73–5.25 (4.18–4.99) 4.43–5.58 (4.57–5.41) 4.38–5.20 (4.95)  head width across the compound eyes 0.25–0.30 (0.28) 0.27–0.31 (0.29) –  base of last antennal segment 0.64–1.04 (0.70–0.90) 0.65–0.98 (0.85) 0.69–1.08 (0.88)  Siphunculi length 331–630 (353–548) 422–701 (513–620) 377–529 (453)  length/length of body 0.13–0.21 (0.13–0.19) 0.15–0.22 (0.19) 0.13–0.19 (0.16)  length/basal width of siphunculus 2.90–5.68 (3.23–5.13) 3.65–6.23 (4.52–5.61) 4.14–6.38 (5.26)  length/mid-width of siphunculus 5.70–12.53 (7.21–11.12) 7.67–13.56 (9.70–11.78) 8.91–13.00 (10.54)  length/3rd antennal segment 0.59–1.01 (0.60–0.94) 0.67–0.93 (0.74–0.89) 0.50–0.81 (0.63)  Cauda length 260–410 (309–359) 293–511 (293–454) 295–389 (343)  length/basal width 1.37–1.94 (1.63) 1.27–2.11 (1.27–1.96) 1.55–2.07 (1.71)  number of setae 6–11 (8.1) 7–15 (9.0–12.3) 9–12 (9.7)  Length of siphunculi/length of cauda 0.97–1.54 (1.14–1.50) 1.10–1.96 (1.32–1.52) 1.16–1.53 (1.32)   FIGURES 16–33.  Metopolophium taimyricum  sp. nov., fundatrix, apterous and alate viviparous females, oviparous females and male. 16, body of apt.; 17, abdomen of al.; 18, frons of apt.; 19, antenna of apt.; 20, antenna of al.; 21, ultimate rostral segments of apt.; 22, hind tarsus of apt.; 23, hind tibia of ovip.; 24, siphunculus of fund.; 25, siphunculus of apt.; 26, siphunculus of al.; 27, siphunculus of male; 28, siphunculus of ovip.; 29, cauda of fund.; 30, cauda of apt.; 31, cauda of al.; 32, cauda of male; 33, cauda of ovip.  Oviparous female.Body elliptical, 1.8–2.1 (1.9) times as long as wide. Colour of living specimens unknown. Total number of marginal tubercles on whole body 0–8 (2.2). Median tubercle weakly developed. Third antennal segment with 0–3 (0.5–1.5) secondary rhinaria. Peritremes on abdominal segments I and II separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme. Hind tibiae clearly swollen in basal half, with 75–156 round or oval small pheromone plates located in basal two thirds of tibia.   Distribution.Known only from Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenets District.   Biology.Life cycle unknown. The simultaneous presence of the fundatrices, apterous and alatae viviparous and oviparous females in the same sample indicates that the life cycle of the species is short. The first fundatrices were noted at the beginning of July and an oviparous female was found in one of the samples (No. 10908), together with them, on July 8. The rapid appearance of the ovipara could only happen if she was born directly of the fundatrix. The presence in sample No. 10919 of July 23, of a large number of apterous parthenogenetic and oviparous females together with a living fundatrix, can also be explained by the latter’s ability to produce both of these morphs. Otherwise, it is difficult to imagine how in northern conditions parthenogenetic females, born in early July, could complete development and give birth to oviparous females by the time of the collection. There is no doubt that the life cycle of the new species consists of 2–3, or at most 4 generations, which makes it impossible for it to be a dioecious species, involving migration from a primary to a secondary host. That is, this species is monoecious. The distribution of  M. taimyricumis interesting in that it is quite widespread in the tundra zone of Taymyr, but absent outside of it (including in the forest-tundra transition zone). In the arctic tundra, the new species was collected together with  M. arcticum  sp. nov.in a single biotope with early melting snow and one of the warmest for this area. In typical tundra,  M. taimyricumwas found in three biotopes located in the river valley, about 1 kmfrom each other. In the southern tundras of Taymyr,  M. taimyricumwas found in various habitats, often with  Acyrthosiphon pisum. The largest series of the new species was collected in dry biotopes with legume-herb-dryad cover ( Fig. 34).   FIGURE 34.The Ary-Mas area. A legume-herb-dryad assemblage on the edge of a river terrace; a biotope where the greatest number of  Metopolophium taimyricum  sp. nov.was collected. Most species of  Metopolophium, for which the host plants are known, develop on Rosaceaeand Poaceae, but four have been described from plants of other families, including two species described from the Canadian Arctic:  M. arctogenicolensRichardsfrom  Taraxacum arctogenumDahlstedt (Asteraceae)and  M. pedicularis(Richards)from Pedicularis sudeticaWilld. ( Orobanchaceae). In the southern tundra,  M. taimyricumwas repeatedly collected in sweep samples on the common  Hedysarum hedysaroidessubsp. arcticum(Fabaceae). This plant is also noted, but with a small abundance, from north-western Taymyr ( Matveyeva & Zanokha 1997). It is possible that it may be a host plant for  M. taimyricumalthough the true host plant of this species, as that of  M. arcticum, has not been established definitively.  Systematic relationships. The new species is placed in the genus  Metopolophium,and neither  Acyrthosiphonnor the  Sitobionsubgenus  Metobion, on the basis of the same characters as  M. arcticum  sp. nov.: (1) the presence of a well-developed median frontal tubercle ( Fig. 18) and (2) the rostrum reaching the mesothorax with its ultimate segment more than 0.7 times longer than the second segment of hind tarsus. As mentioned above, 21 species are currently included in the genus  Metopolophium( Favret 2019). The differences between apterous viviparous females of all these species (with the exception of  M. arctogenicolenswhose apterous viviparous females are unknown) and those of  Metopolophium taimyricumare detailed in Table 5. Unfortunately, based on the characteristics in the table, the new species cannot be distinguished from  M. pedicularis. Metopolophium taimyricumis also very similar to  M. darjeelingense,  M. dirhodum,  M. fasciatumand  M. festucae.   Metopolophium pediculariswas described by Richards (1972)from four apterous viviparous females, one alatae viviparous female, 12 oviparous females and two males. The description was very short including a small number of morphological characters.  Metopolophium pedicularisdiffers from the new species in having relatively short setae: Richards (1972)indicates that for apterous viviparous females of  M. pedicularis, the setae on tergite VIII are shorter than half the diameter of the siphunculi as measured immediately basal to flange (0.74–1.21 for  M. taimyricum). The alatae viviparous female  M. pedicularishas more rhinaria on the 3rd antennal segment– –17 (7–13 for  M. taimyricum), more setae on the ultimate segment of rostrum– –9 (6–7 for M. taimyricum), and fewer setae on the cauda– –7 (9–12 for  M. taimyricum), his PT/BASE ratio is greater– –4.00 (2.57–3.76 for  M. taimyricum), and the URS/HTII ratio is less– –0.67 (0.75–0.87 for  M. taimyricum). The oviparous females of  M. pedicularishave a slightly higher PT/BASE ratio—3.57–4.71 (2.48–3.63 for  M. taimyricum) and sometimes more rhinaria on the 3rd antennal segment– –2–5 (0–3 for M. taimyricum). Siphunculi of males of  M. pedicularisare significantly longer (450–550) than those of males of  M. taimyricum(261–354). The new species also differs from  M. darjeelingensein that the latter has 4 setae on the first segment of the hind tarsi, whereas  M. taimyricumhas 3. An additional difference with  M. dirhodumis that the antennal segments 3–6 of apterous viviparous females of  M. dirhodumare pale with dusky apices, while the antennal flagellum of apterous  M. taimyricumis gradually darker from base to apex. The function “length of processus terminalis × length of siphunculi”/“length of cauda × length of 2nd joint of hind tibia” is 6.00–8.60 for apterae of  M. fasciatumand 3.89–6.37 for apterae of  M. taimyricum, dorsal abdominal setae on tergite III of apterae of  M. fasciatummaximally 10–16 long (17–33 for  M. taimyricum) and spinal tubercles usually present at least on one side of occiput of apterae of  M. fasciatum(completely absent in  M. taimyricum). The apterous viviparous female of  M. festucaehas a relatively short ultimate rostral segment– –89–119 (114–142 for  M. taimyricum), and the head and abdominal tergites VII and VIII of apterous of  M. festucaeare frequently with spinal tubercles (always absent in  M. taimyricum).  Metopolophium taimyricumdiffers from a number of species (  M. albidum,  M. alpinum,  M. chandrani,  M. dirhodum,  M. fasciatum,  M. festucae,  M. lacheni,  M. montanumand  M. tenerum) by the presence of apterous males, whereas in these species the males are alatae. Apterous viviparous females of  Metopolophium arctogenicolensare unknown, but the oviparous female differs from the oviparous female of  M. taimyricumin the ratio of the length of the ultimate rostral segment and the length of the 2nd segment of the hind tarsus (0.71 for  M. arctogenicolensand 0.77–0.91 for  M. taimyricum), a large number of additional setae on the ultimate rostral segment (8–11 for  M. arctogenicolensand 4–6 for  M. taimyricum), and a large number of rhinaria on the 3rd antennal segment (3–8 for  M. arctogenicolensand 0–3 for  M. taimyricum). Males of  M. arctogenicolensdiffer from males of  M. taimyricumby the ratio of the length of the ultimate rostral segment and the length of the 2nd segment of the hind tarsus (0.71 for  M. arctogenicolensand 0.76–0.91 for  M. taimyricum), a large number of additional setae on the ultimate rostral segment (8 for  M. arctogenicolensand 4–6 for  M. taimyricum), and by the ratio of the length of the processus terminalis and the length of base of the 6th antennal segment (3.33 for  M. arctogenicolensand 3.48–5.37 for  M. taimyricum). From the second new species described in this article,  M. arcticum  sp. nov.,  M. taimyricum  sp. nov.differs by the fact that in  M. taimyricumoviparous females URS/HT2 is 0.77–0.91 ( 0.94–1.07 in  M. arcticum), PT/BASE is 2.48–3.63 ( 1.56–2.35 in  M. arcticum), as well as many other features, including characters of fundatrices and males (see Tables 1, 3, 4).   TABLE 4.Biometric data for males and oviparous females and of  Metopolophium taimyricum sp. nov.    Males Oviparous females  Number of samples/specimens 1/22 4/24  Length of body 1584–2071 (1853) 2188–3111 (2668)  Length of antenna 1682–2609 (2210) 1976–2696 (2245–2402)  Length of antenna/length of body 0.87–1.38 (1.19) 0.79–1.05 (0.89)  Hind femur length 629–822 (741) 726–1035 (856)  length/length of body 0.35–0.44 (0.40) 0.29–0.36 (0.33)  length/head width across the compound eyes 1.33–1.75 (1.54) 1.44–1.81 (1.62)  Hind tibia length 1228–1523 (1375) 1233–1695 (1392–1604)  length/length of body 0.64–0.82 (0.74) 0.48–0.65 (0.56)  Head width across the compound eyes 440–516 (479) 498–550 (528)  Setae on head occipital length 25–42 (32) 28–40 (33)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.83–1.45 (1.06) 0.89–1.33 (1.06)  frontal length 29–41 (34) 28–43 (38)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.92–1.45 (1.12) 0.92–1.52 (1.17–1.31)  on 1st antennal segment number 5–11 (7.2) 5–9 (7.4)  length 23–33 (26) 20–34 (27)  on 3rd antennal number 10–21 (13.4) 13–28 (19.3)  segment length 18–25 (21) 18–25 (20)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.60–0.83 (0.69) 0.50–0.77 (0.63)  on base of last number 3–5 (3.7) 2–6 (3.9)  antennal segment length/articular diameter of base of last antennal segment 0.74–1.07 (0.91) 0.67–1.17 (0.79–0.94)  length of ventral seta on hind trochanter/basal diameter of hind femur 0.42–0.78 (0.58) 0.38–0.65 (0.51)  on hind femur length of long- dorsal 20–30 (25) 23–35 (28)  est ventral 23–41 (32) 28–38 (31)  dorso-apical 18–28 (24) 20–28 (24)  on hind tibia longest dorsal 38–53 (43) 38–53 (44)  longest dorsal/mid-diameter of hind tibia 0.83–1.25 (1.03) 0.70–1.05 (0.85)  number on 2nd segment of dorsal 1–4 (3.1) 2–4 (2.5)  hind tarsus ventral 5–9 (6.5) 5–9 (7.1)  on abdominal tergite III number of spinal and marginal 14–20 (16.3) 11–17 (14.6)  spinal length 20–35 (26) 23–35 (28)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.70–1.27 (0.87) 0.62–1.22 (0.89)  marginal length 23–43 (30) 25–38 (31)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 0.77–1.55 (1.01) 0.80–1.25 (0.98)  ventral length 30–58 (41) 35–53 (42)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal segment 1.00–2.09 (1.36) 1.07–1.62 (1.35)  ......continued on the next page   TABLE 4.(Continued)    Males Oviparous females  number on abdominal tergite VI between siphunculi 4–7 (5.3) 4–9 (5.5)  on abdominal number 6–11 (7.4) 8–14 (11.0)  tergite VIII length 41–63 (54) 40–63 (52)  length/articular diameter of 3rd antennal seg- ment 1.33–2.09 (1.78) 1.33–2.19 (1.65)  number on subgenital plate on anterior half – 11–32 (20.5–28.0)  along the hind margin – 18–33 (23.3–27.0)  Last antennal segment length of base 119–177 (148) 152–202 (176)  length of processus terminalis 529–781 (625) 415–612 (527)  length of processus terminalis/length of base of last antennal segment 3.48–5.37 (4.34) 2.48–3.63 (3.02)  Ultimate rostral number of accessory setae 4–6 (5.6) 4–6 (5.6)  segment length 109–129 (118) 114–137 (126)  length/ head width across the compound eyes 0.23–0.27 (0.25) 0.23–0.26 (0.24)  2nd segment of hind tarsus 0.76–0.91 (0.85) 0.77–0.91 (0.83)  base of last antennal segment 0.67–1.09 (0.80) 0.63–0.85 (0.72)  2nd segment of hind length tarsus 129–149 (140) 137–164 (151)  length/ maximum width 4.23–4.96 (4.59) 4.44–5.33 (4.82)  head width across the compound eyes 0.28–0.31 (0.29) 0.26–0.31 (0.29)  base of last antennal segment 0.77–1.21 (0.95) 0.71–1.02 (0.86)  Siphunculi length 261–354 (313) 367–559 (464–544)  length/length of body 0.15–0.19 (0.17) 0.16–0.21 (0.19)  length/basal width of siphunculus 3.08–5.20 (3.89) 3.69–6.72 (4.29–6.14)  length/mid-width of siphunculus 6.43–10.31 (8.28) 6.78–13.00 (8.84–11.38)  length/3rd antennal segment 0.51–0.78 (0.64) 0.64–0.94 (0.82)  Cauda length 167–230 (199) 248–379 (281–352)  length/basal width 1.17–1.80 (1.38) 1.29–1.72 (1.48)  number of setae 5–11 (7.8) 8–14 (10.8)  Length of siphunculi/length of cauda 1.33–1.75 (1.57) 1.44–1.94 (1.55–1.87) The new species differs by the following characters from the apterous viviparous females of twelve  Acyrthosiphonspecies inhabiting the north and listed at the section “Systematic relationships “ of the description of  M. arcticum  sp. nov.:  A. auctum,  A. boreale,  A. brevicorneand  A. malvaehave URS/HT2 more than 0.90 ( 0.73–0.89 in  M. taimyricum);  A. assiniboinensis,  A. ignotum,  A. knechteliand  A. pisumhave ratio of length of siphunculi and length of body more than 0.22 ( 0.15–0.22 in  M. taimyricum);  A. svalbardicumhas PT/BASE 1.18–1.52 ( 2.31–3.92 in  M. taimyricum);  A. lotiand  A. brachysiphonhave very short setae that on the 3rd antennal segment are shorter than 0.50 the articular diameter of the segment and on abdominal tergite VIII shorter than 0.80 of this diameter (0.47–0.86 and 1.07–1.90 in  M. taimyricum, respectively);  A. lotialso has small number of secondary rhinaria on 3rd antennal segment of apterae– –0–3 ( 2–10 in  M. taimyricum);  A. brachysiphonhas a ratio of length of antenna and length of body 0.90–1.30 ( 0.74–1.01 in  M. taimyricum), and PT/BASE is 3.30–4.80 ( 2.31–3.92 in  M. taimyricum). Only  A. churchillensepresents some problem for comparison with the new species because it is very briefly described and its description does not include many of the necessary characters. At the same time, from the description of  A. churchillenseit is clear that specimens of all morphs have very short setae on 3rd antennal segment– –10 and a relatively short ultimate rostral segment– –100–110––with 2–6 accessory setae (15–25, 109–142 and 4–8 in  M. taimyricum, respectively).    TABLE 5. Morphological comparison of apterous viviparous females of  Metopolophium taimyricum  sp. nov.and apterous viviparous of other species of genus Metopolophium(data from Agarwala & Mahapatra 1990; Agarwala et al.1982; Akhmedov 1988; Basu & Raychaudhuri 1980; Blackman 2010; Blackman & Eastop 2019; Chakrabarti et al.1974; David & Narayanan 1968; Eastop 1971; Ghosh 1970; Heie 1994; Hille Ris Lambers 1947, 1949; Mordvilko 1919; Nevsky 1929; Pergande 1900; Prior 1976; Raychaudhuri et al.1978; Raychaudhuri et al.1980a, b; Richards 1972; Stroyan 1982; Zhang et al.1992[1993]; Zhang et al.1999and materials of  M. fasciatum,  M. festucae cerealiumStroyan, M.   montanumand  M. sabihaefrom collection of ZIN RAS). The values that distinguish  M. tamyricumfrom other species most distinctly are marked in Bold.    Species Length of Setae Number of Length of ulti- Length of Length of hind Length of Length of Length of  antenna/ length/articular diam- number of secondary mate segment of processsus tibia/length siphuncu- siphunculus/   siphunculengthof eter of 3rd antennal accessory on rhinaria on rostrum/ length termina- of ultimate lus/length of length of hind lus/length of  body segment ultimate 3rd antennal of 2nd segment lis/length of segment of body tibia cauda  on 3rd on abdo- rostral seg- segment of hind tarsus base of last rostrum  antennal minal ment antennal  segsegment tergite VIII ment      M. taimyricum 0.74–1.01 0.47–0.86 1.07–1.90 5–8 2–10 0.73–0.89 2.31–3.92 11.86–15.27 0.15–0.22 0.26–0.36 1.10–1.96    M. albidum 0.95–1.10  0.20–0.30  0.28–0.40 2–6 0–2 0.65–0.83 3.50–4.50 11.30–16.70 0.20–0.26  0.39–0.42 1.60–2.30    M. alpinum 0.91–1.05 – >1 8–11 1–3  0.90–0.95  4.67–5.00 – 0.21–0.25 – 1.80–2.10    M. berberinutritum  1.33  0.25–0.33  –  4 1–3 – 3.62 –  0.27 – –    M. caudatum – – – – 1–4 – – – – –  <1.00    M. chandrani 0.61–0.86  0.25–0.44  0.55–0.90 2–8 2–14 0.60–0.80 1.79–3.00 – 0.13–0.19 – 1.40–2.20    M. darjeelingense 0.63–1.07 0.38–0.77 0.77–1.40  0–3 2–5 0.69–0.80 3.00–3.95 – 0.14–0.18 – 1.30–1.80    M. darjilingense  1.21–1.31 0.77–1.14 1.85–2.15 – 2–5  1.15–1.22  5.62–6.21 – 0.19–0.21 – 1.75–2.43    M. dirhodum 0.75–0.83  0.30–0.50 – 4–7 1–4  0.61–0.73 3.00–4.00 9.80–14.40 0.14–0.21 0.31–0.36 1.31–1.88    M. fasciatum  1.00–1.22 0.30–0.55 0.60–1.50 4–7 0–4 0.65–0.79 3.30–4.40 11.59–14.00 0.18–0.24 0.30–0.37 1.71–2.03    M. festucae 0.60–0.96  0.20–0.40  0.70–0.96 3–10 0–4 0.67–1.00 2.10–5.00 7.10–13.79 0.18–0.24 0.34–0.52 1.30–2.06    M. frisicum 1.00  0.20–0.30 1.00  0–2 0–2 0.75–0.95 2.50–3.50  9.40–10.50 0.20–0.22  0.46–0.48  1.95–2.80    M. lacheni – 0.53–0.57 – 6 – – – –  0.28–0.31  –  2.60– 3.20    M. longicaudatum  1.01–1.11 – – 4–6 2–3  0.55–0.60  4.69–5.36 – 0.15–0.18 – 1.15–1.27    M. montanum 0.71–0.85  0.29–0.46  0.63–0.65 6–10 1–4 0.74–0.85 2.52 –3.13 11.49–11.61 0.18–0.22  0.36–0.47  2.00–2.74    M. mukhamadievi 0.65–0.86  2.60 – – 1–3  0.67 2.86–3.40 – 0.18–0.22 – 1.14–1.77    M. palmerae 1.03  0.33–0.44 – 4 1  0.60–0.70 2.66–3.25 –  0.11–0.13  –  0.85–0.90    M. pedicularis – 0.50 – 7–9 5–15 0.67–0.80 3.57–3.80 – – – ~2.0    M. rosaescutum  1.59  0.31  –  4 – 0.80  5.14  19.79  0.33 0.32  2.23    M. sabihae 0.69–0.86 0.58–1.00 1.05–1.80 5–10 0–7 0.81–1.14 2.23–3.50  7.56–10.93 0.11–0.17 0.21–0.31 1.00–1.40    M. tenerum <1  0.30–0.40 – 4–8 0–2  0.91–1.13 1.80–2.90 8.00 0.20 0.50 1.70–2.30   Pleotrichophorus glandulosus(Kaltenbach)   Material.   NDU:  8.vii.2017,  Artemisia vulgaris, shaking, fund. ( AS).   Uroleucon sonchi(Linnaeus)  Published information. NSV: ( Ivanovskaya 1977).    Uroleucon( Uromelan) aeneum(Hille Ris Lambers)  Material.   NUO: near to Talnakh,  26.vii.2017,  Cirsium helenioides, on stem, apt. ( AS).   Uroleucon( Uromelan) campanulae(Kaltenbach)  Material.   NDU:  3.vii.2017,  Campanula rotundifoliaL., on apices of stem, fund. ( AS).   NUO: near to Talnakh,  24–25.vii.2017,  Campanula rotundifoliaL., on apices of stem near flowers, apt., al. ( AS).    Uroleucon (Uromelan) jaceae jaceae(Linnaeus)  Published information. NSV: ( Ivanovskaya 1977).  Material.   NUO: near to Talnakh,  24.vii.1964, Asteraceae, fund. ( EI).    Uroleucon( Uromelan) solidaginis(Fabricius)  Material. NUO: near to Talnakh, 6.viii.1964, Asteraceaeor  Alnussp., apt. and al. ( AE); 6.viii.1964,  Alnussp., fund. ( EI); 25.vii.2017,  Solidago virgaureasubsp. dahurica(Kitag.) Kitag., on flower stalk, apt., al. ( AS). 2573655783 United Kingdom Paris Natural History Museum d'Histoire 16 103 2 holotype 2573655746 [269,918,189,215] 2017-07-08 NDU American Samoa AS 26 113 1 2573655782 [269,1122,404,431] 2017-07-26 NUO American Samoa AS 26 113 1 2573655769 [273,1156,513,539] 2017-07-03 NDU American Samoa AS 26 113 1 2573655745 2017-07-24 2017-07-25 2017-07-24 NUO American Samoa AS 26 113 1 2573655741 [269,865,692,719] 1964-07-24 NUO 26 113 1