Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart, 1944: 419 Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart 1952: 419 Souza et al. 2012: 47 Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36 A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae) Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador Brescovit, Antonio Domingos European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-27 867 1 1 312 4P4NB Schubart, 1944 Schubart 1944 [537,1051,1620,1647] Diplopoda Pseudonannolenidae Pseudonannolene Animalia Spirostreptida 82 83 Arthropoda species silvestris   Figs 125–126, 164J, 166J, 172D, 178N, 188      Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart, 1944: 419, figs 79–81.    Pseudonannolene silvestris–  Schubart 1952: 419. —  Souza et al.2012: 47. —  Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36.    Diagnosis Males of  P. silvestrisslightly resemble those of  P. fontanettiae,  P. robsoni, and  P. typicaby having the internal branch with a slight torsion in anal view ( Fig. 126D–F), but differing by having triangular coxae on the first leg-pair ( Fig. 126A); solenomere with short apicomesal process and short subtriangular ectal process ( Fig. 126D).    Etymology Although unspecified, the name is probably related to either a patronym honoring the Italian naturalist Filippo Silvestri or to the Latin adjective ‘  silvestris’ = ‘pertaining to a forest’, ‘living in wild area’.    Material examined    Holotype BRAZIL• ♂[gonopods and first leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Descalvado, Escaramuça; [ -21.930038, -47.600826];  687 ma.s.l.;  6 Mar. 1941; O. Schubartleg.; MZSP.    Paratypes(total: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL• 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP.  Other material(total: 22 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 21 immatures)   BRAZIL–  São Paulo• 1 ♂; Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira(PETAR); [ -24.485866, -48.646697];  570 ma.s.l.;  8–15 Nov. 2001; Equipe Biotaleg.; IBSP 2271•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2273•  1 ♂, 1 ♂immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2230•  2 ♂♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2234•  5 ♂♂, 1 ♀immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2262•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2278•  3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♂immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2261•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2267•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2282•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2284•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2283•  1 ♂immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2245•  2 ♂♂immatures; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2237•  1 ♂immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2238•  1 ♂, 1 ♂immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2272•  1 ♂immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2241•  1 ♂immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2244•  1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2258•  1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2252•  1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2291•  1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2265•  1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2227•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2289•  1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2248•  1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2242•  2 ♀♀; Analândia, São Sebastião; [ -22.129316, -47.662849];  663 ma.s.l.;  28 Dec. 1951; O. Schubartleg.; MZSP•  7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Descalvado, Escaramuça;  687 ma.s.l.;  6 Mar. 1941; O. Schubartleg.; MZSP.    Descriptive notes  MEASUREMENTS. 58–61 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 62.5–76.4 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–4.4 mm. Females: body length 73–74 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4–4.4 mm.  COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, antennae, and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial darker band and a posterior lighter one; legs brownish.  HEAD. Antennae short ( Fig. 164J), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 1<2<3>4=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows.  BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 striae, slightly curved ectad anteriorly ( Fig. 125A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae ( Fig. 172D).  FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae ( cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, densely setose ( Fig. 126A); prefemoral process ( prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region ( Fig. 126B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region.  SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa ( cx) large and rounded; penis ( pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally ( Fig. 126C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose.  GONOPODS. Gonocoxa ( gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened ( Fig. 126D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove ( sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis ( sa). Shoulder ( sh) short, rounded. Telopodite ( tp) almost as wide as gcx( Fig. 126D); solenomere ( sl) with apicomesal process ( amp) short, rounded; ectal process ( ep) short, slightly subtriangular, separating from ampby shallow notch; salocated at mesal portion, not visible apically. Internal branch ( ib) short and narrow, subtriangular, surrounding basally tpas a shield; slightly twisted in the distal portion and with short projection; ibwith setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl( Fig. 126D–F).  VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous ( Fig. 178N); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular.    Distribution Known from the central region and southern São Paulo State, Brazil( Fig. 188). Intriguingly,  P. silvestrisis well distributed in forests of the region of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), but it has not ever been recorded inside caves, while the species  P. strinatiihas been recorded only in caves (or in rocky outcrops) of the same region, suggesting a possible environmental and geographical partitioning for both species. 4101309750 1941-03-06 MZSP O. Schubart Brazil 687 -21.930038 Escaramuca 1 -47.600826 Descalvado 83 84 1 1 Sao Paulo holotype 4101309310 1941-03-06 MZSP O. Schubart Brazil 687 -21.930038 BRAZIL 1 -47.600826 Descalvado 83 84 1 5 1 4 Sao Paulo paratype 4101310223 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 PETAR Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2271 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309654 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2273 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309544 [506,1305,901,928] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2230 2 2 Sao Paulo 4101309455 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2234 3 1 2 Sao Paulo 4101309446 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2262 6 1 5 Sao Paulo 4101310208 [602,1241,972,998] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2278 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309516 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2261 6 1 1 4 Sao Paulo 4101310099 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2267 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309982 [607,1251,1042,1069] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2282 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309407 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2284 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309857 [733,1380,1077,1104] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2283 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101310028 [189,966,1112,1139] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2245 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309825 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2237 2 2 Sao Paulo 4101309633 [618,1399,1148,1174] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2238 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101310234 [208,1196,1183,1210] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2272 3 1 2 Sao Paulo 4101309999 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2241 2 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309724 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2244 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309744 [510,1233,1253,1280] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2258 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309496 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2252 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309620 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2291 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309959 [347,1156,1324,1351] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2265 2 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101310090 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2227 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309823 [733,1380,1359,1386] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2289 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309464 [189,937,1394,1421] 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2248 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309453 2001-11-08 2001-11-15 2001-11-08 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 570 true -24.485867 Parque Estadual Turistico do Alto Ribeira 1 -48.646698 Iporanga 83 84 IBSP 2242 1 1 Sao Paulo 4101309515 1951-12-28 MZSP O. Schubart Brazil 663 -22.129316 Sao Sebastiao 1 -47.66285 Analandia 83 84 2 2 Sao Paulo 4101309787 1941-03-06 MZSP O. Schubart Brazil 687 Escaramuca Descalvado 83 84 13 6 7 Sao Paulo