Melo, Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2011 : 49
Silva & Benine, 2011 : 50
Silva et al. , 2013 : 1613
Araujo & Lucinda, 2014 : 309
Melo et al. , 2016 : 707
Revision of the South American genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with description of four new species
Silva, Gabriel S. C.
Melo, Bruno F.
Oliveira, Claudio
Benine, Ricardo C.
Zootaxa
2016
4200
1
1
46
Melo, Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2011 : 49
Melo, Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2011
Melo, Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira
2011
[151,991,485,511]
Insecta
Anthribidae
Tetragonopterus
Animalia
Coleoptera
25
26
Arthropoda
species
carvalhoi
Tetragonopterus carvalhoi Melo, Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2011: 49–56 (original description; type locality: Igarapé Iratapuru, Rio Jari, Laranjal do Jari, Amapá, Brazil); Silva & Benine, 2011: 50–51 (diagnosis); Silva et al., 2013: 1613–1631 (diagnosis); Araujo & Lucinda, 2014: 309–315 (diagnosis); Melo et al., 2016: 707–717 (molecular phylogeny).
Diagnosis. Tetragonopterus carvalhoiis distinguished from congeners by the presence of a lozenge-shaped dark mark on caudal peduncle ( vs.a rounded dark mark on caudal peduncle). Tetragonopterus carvalhoiis further distinguished from T. anostomus, T. denticulatus, T. juruenaand T. kulueneby the presence of 4 principal teeth in dentary ( vs.5–6) and larger and more robust teeth ( vs.thinner and sharper teeth). In addition, T. carvalhoidiffers from T. anostomusand T. araguaiensisby the presence of 12–14 gill-rakers on lower limb of the first gill arch ( vs.16–20). Tetragonopterus carvalhoidiffers from T. rarusby not having dark longitudinal stripes on the trunk ( vs.presence of such stripes) and by having 3.5 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin ( vs.4.5–5.5). Tetragonopterus carvalhoidiffers from T. anostomusby having terminal mouth ( vs.subsuperior mouth), and from T. argenteusby having 7–8 predorsal scales ( vs.11–17). It differs from T. franciscoensisby the presence of 19–22 olfactory lamellae ( vs.11–17). Tetragonopterus carvalhoidiffers from T. denticulatusby having humeral marks separated by only one vertical scale row ( vs.humeral marks separated by three vertical scale rows). Finally, T. carvalhoidiffers from T. ommatusby having 2–4 teeth on the maxilla ( vs.7–8) and by having the dark mark centered on the caudal peduncle ( vs.dark mark limited to the posterior portion of caudal peduncle).
Description.A detailed description of Tetragonopterus carvalhoiwas recently provided by Melo et al.(2011).
Distribution. Tetragonopterus carvalhoiis apparently endemic from the Rio Jari, Amazon basin, at the Amapá- Paráboundary, northern Brazil( Fig. 2b).
Remarks. Tetragonopterus carvalhoiis very similar to Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette and Le Bail (1988), a species from the Approuague and Oyapock rivers in French Guyana, sharing a overall general appearance and color pattern, including the distinct lozenge-shaped patch of pigmentation on the caudal peduncle. In the original description, Géry et al.(1988)provided an illustration of the infraorbital bones (their figure 6), which clearly shows the presence of a branched laterosensory canal in the sixth infraorbital, a recognized synapomorphy for Tetragonopterus( Mirande, 2010; Melo et al., 2011). Mirande (2010: 503), however, noted that the autapomorphy “laterosensory canal of the sixth infraorbital branched (his character 76) for T. argenteusis homoplastically present in other characids such as Markiana nigripinnis, Odontostilbe microcephalaand Oligosarcuscf. jenynsii. Furthermore, paratypesof A. leopoldi(MHNG 2393.098) bear four supraneurals, whereas Tetragonopterushas only three. Thus, we are convinced that A. leopoldiand T. carvalhoiare distinct taxa and that A. leopoldishould not be considered as a member of Tetragonopterus.
Materialexamined. Types: Brazil: MZUSP 102268, holotype, 36.5 mmSL, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Rio Jari, Igarapé Iratapuru, 0°33’30”S 52°34’45”W, M. Carvalho, A. Akama, C. Oliveira& F. Marques, 14 Oct 2007. LBP 5306, 6 paratypes, 36.7–42.4 mmSL, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Amazonbasin, Rio Jari, Igarapé Iratapuru, 0°34’03”S 52°34’41”W, M. Carvalho et al., 10 Oct 2007. LBP 5376, 16 paratypes, 30.2–42.8 mmSL, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Amazonbasin, Rio Jari, Igarapé Iratapuru, 0°33’51”S 52°34’45”W, M. Carvalho et al. 14 Oct 2007. MZUSP106813, 14paratypes, 35.8–42.2 mmSL, same data as holotype. Non types: MZUSP 101755, 3, 56.1–66.0 mm SL, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Amazonbasin, Rio Jari, 0°38’55”S 52°30’31”W. MZUSP 101803, 2, 58.5–63.7 mmSL, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Amazonbasin, Rio Jari, 0°34’16”S 52°34’44”W. MZUSP 102267, 10, 40.0– 46.3 mmSL, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Amazonbasin, Rio Jari, 0°34’03”S 52°34’31”W. MZUSP 102268, 18, 34.9–54.5 mmSL, same data as holotype.
1412767400
MZUSP
Carvalho & A. Akama & C. Oliveira & F. Marques
Brazil
Material
-0.55833334
Laranjal do Jari
21
-52.579166
Types
25
26
MZUSP 102268
2
Amapa
holotype
1412767421
2007-10-14
Carvalho
Brazil
Laranjal do Jari
-0.5675
Rio Jari
21
-52.578056
Amazon
25
26
6
Amapa
paratype
1412767412
2007-10-14
Carvalho
Brazil
Laranjal do Jari
-0.56416667
Rio Jari
21
-52.579166
Amazon
25
26
16
Amapa
paratype
1412767430
2007-10-14
MZUSP
Carvalho
Brazil
Non
-0.6486111
Amazon
21
-52.50861
Laranjal do Jari
25
26
MZUSP 106813, 14, MZUSP 101755, 3
1
Amapa
holotype
1412767431
MZUSP
Brazil
Laranjal do Jari
-0.5711111
Rio Jari
21
-52.578888
Amazon
25
26
MZUSP 101803, 2
1
Amapa
holotype
1412767407
MZUSP
Brazil
Laranjal do Jari
-0.5675
Rio Jari
21
-52.575275
Amazon
25
26
MZUSP 102267, 10
1
Amapa
holotype
1412767401
MZUSP
Brazil
Laranjal do Jari
-0.5675
Rio Jari
21
-52.575275
Amazon
25
26
MZUSP 102268, 18
1
Amapa
holotype