A new species of the genus Triplophysa (Nemacheilinae), Triplophysa qilianensis sp. nov, from Qinghai, China Li, Wen-Jing Chen, Xiao-Cheng Hu, Yan-Ping Zootaxa 2015 3905 3 418 424 82D8 341122 [412,556,152,178] Actinopterygii Nemacheilidae Triplophysa Animalia Cypriniformes 5 423 Chordata genus    1a. Caudal fin forked or deeply emarginated................................................................... 2  1b. Caudal fin slightly emarginated.......................................................................... 5   2a. Head convex from the position of posterior nostrils..........................................  T. qilianensis  sp. nov.  2b. Head moderately compressed............................................................................ 3   3a. No shaped blotches in front of and behind dorsal fin......................................  T. yarkandensisDay 1877  3b. 4–6 dark brown blotches in front of and behind dorsal fin..................................................... ·4   4a. Width of posterior blotches wider than intervals between blotches......................  T. hsutschouensisRendahl 1933  4b. Width of posterior blotches equal to or less than intervals between blotches......................  T. robustaKessler 1876   5a. Intestine long, greater than stand length.................................................................... 6  5b. Intestine short, about half of stand length................................................................... 7   6a. Posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated........................................  T. stoliczkaeSteindachner 1866  6b. Posterior chamber of air bladder oval, connected bony capsule of air bladder with tubule....  T. wuweiensisLi & Chang 1974   7a. Posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated............................................................... ·8  7b. Posterior chamber of air bladder well developed............................................................. 9   8a. Tip of pelvic fin not extending beyond anus....................................... ·  T. brevicaudaHerzenstein 1888  8b. Tip of pelvic fin extending beyond anus or reaching origin of anal fin....................  T. leptosomeHerzenstein 1888   9a. Posterior chamber of air bladder oblong, connected directly to bony capsule of air bladder....  T. orientalisHerzenstein 1888  9b. Posterior chamber of air bladder oval, connected to bony capsule of air bladder with long tubule........  T. tenuisDay 1877