Marshallora ostenta Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008: 94 Marshallora ostenta Lee 2009: 89 Unraveling one of the ‘ Big Five’: update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil Fernandes, Maurício Romulo Pimenta, Alexandre Dias European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-06-12 665 665 1 170 6R5RP Rolan & Fernandez-Garces, 2008 Rolan & Fernandez-Garces 2008 [470,1118,510,537] Gastropoda Triphoridae Marshallora Animalia 19 20 Mollusca species ostenta   Figs 7–8, 23L, 54, 83      Marshallora ostenta Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008: 94, figs 7A–N, 8E–F.    Marshallora ostenta–  Lee 2009: 89.    Material examined   Holotype   CUBA• Cienfuegos Bay; MNCN 15.05/47055.   Paratypes  See Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008).  Other material   BRAZIL–  North Brazil• 11 specs; REVIZEE-Norte III st. 176; UFMA* •  1 spec.; REVIZEE-Norte III st. 192; UFMA*. –  Amapá•  1 spec.; 03º58′43″ N, 49º33′24″ W; 2001; MNRJ 32570* •  1 spec.; AMASSEDS st. 4134; MORG 43335•  1 spec.; AMASSEDS st. 3210; MNRJ 33801*. –  Rio Grande do Norte•  1 spec.; BPot 1-MR31; MNRJ 31536* •  1 spec.; BPot 1-MR41; MNRJ 31538* •  1 spec.; BPot 2-MR32; MNRJ 31657* •  2 specs; BPot 2-MR41; MNRJ 31540* •  1 spec.; BPot 2-MR45; MNRJ 31541*. –  Sergipe•  1 spec.; Petro/UFS st. E5-A1; with soft part preservation; UFS•  1 spec.; Petro/UFS st. 15.3; UFS•  1 spec.; Petro/UFS st. 18.1; UFS. –   Bahia• 4 specs; Baía de Todos os Santos;  May 1997; MNRJ 34430* •  1 spec.; Parcel Paredes, Alcobaça; depth  0–3 m;  8 Jan. 2000; P.J. Souzaand E. Gonçalvesleg.; MZSP 56305*. –  Espírito Santo•  1 spec.; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV24; MORG 40378•  2 specs; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV24; MORG 52253•  3 specs; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV31; IBUFRJ 19484•  1 spec.; REVIZEE-Central C1-C65; MORG 39090* •  1 spec.; 19º25′08″ S, 39º15′59″ W; depth  46 m;  Oct. 2003; MNRJ 31169* •  1 spec.; 19º25′37″ S, 39º22′22″ W; depth  43 m;  Oct. 2003; MNRJ 30750* •  1 spec.; REVIZEE-Central C1-VV38; IBUFRJ 19614•  1 spec.; REVIZEE- Central C6-R2#1-1; IBUFRJ 19506•  1 spec.; 20º14′ S, 40º12′ W;  Jun. 2008; MNRJ 32659* •  1 spec.; 20º42′00″ S, 40º24′28″ W, Ilha Escalvada; depth  10–15 m;  Jan. 2013; W. Vieiraleg.; MNRJ 34026* •  2 specs; 20º42′ S, 40º06′ W; depth  43 m;  27 Aug. 1979; IBUFRJ 19551•  6 specs; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Nov. 2007; MNRJ 32412* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Sep. 2007–  Oct. 2008; MNRJ 17227* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Sep. 2007–  Oct. 2008; MNRJ 30838* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Sep. 2007–  Oct. 2008; MNRJ 31017* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Sep. 2007–  Oct. 2008; MNRJ 31029* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Sep. 2007–  Oct. 2008; MNRJ 31139* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Mar. 2010; MNRJ 31047* •  2spec; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Mar. 2010; MNRJ 31087* •  1 spec.; 20º47′ S, 40º34′ W;  Mar. 2010; MNRJ 31092* –  Rio de Janeiro•  2 specs; HAB 13-H2; MNRJ 18588* •  1 spec.; HAB 16- G1; MNRJ 18623* •  1 spec.; REVIZEE-Central C1-D1-2; IBUFRJ 19532•  1 spec.; REVIZEE-Central C1-D3; IBUFRJ 12881.   UNITED STATES OF AMERICA–  Georgia• 1 spec.; 30º54′18″ N, 80º36′12″ W; depth  35 m;  4 Sep. 1980; R/V Bagbyleg.; with soft part preservation; USNM 848771.    Description Shell sinistral, elongated, cyrtoconoid to slightly ovoid, moderately convex profile, up to 4.4 mmlong, 1.4 mmwide, length/width ratio 2.4 to 3.4. Protoconch multispiral, conical, 0.47–0.55 mmlong, 0.40– 0.45 mmwide, 4.75–5.25 convex whorls; embryonic shell dome-shaped, covered by small granules in its abapical portion; larval shell with two spiral cords strengthening through first whorl, soon becoming distinct, but adapical one disappears about one whorl after its emergence or as late as at last whorl; adapical cord can be much weaker than abapical one; cords respectively situated at ~39% and 60%–69% of penultimate whorl height; ~27 nearly rectilinear to slightly sigmoid axial ribs. Teleoconch with up to nine whorls; two spiral cords (adapical and abapical) at beginning, abapical one continuous to that of protoconch; median spiral cord emerges in fourth or fifth whorl (rarely in sixth whorl), reaching same size as other cords after 0.5 to 1.5 whorl; on body whorl, spiral cords are 0.9–1.5 × as wide as distance between them; 20–23 nearly orthocline axial ribs at fifth whorl; rounded nodules, with moderately large to medium size; suture distinct, well developed, with small sutural cord; slightly wavy to nearly smooth subperipheral cord, two smooth basal cords; no supranumerical cords; ovate aperture, 0.58–0.79 mmlong, 0.45–0.61 mmwide, length/width ratio 1.2–1.3; anterior canal short, open or partly closed by the projection of outer lip, 0.18–0.31 mmlong, 0.17–0.25 mmwide, length/width ratio 0.9–1.4; posterior canal as small sinus, 0.07–0.12 mmlong. Protoconch light-brown to golden, embryonic shell whitish; teleoconch with faint cream to light brown background, one or two initial whorls often slightly clearer or even white.    Remarks  Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008)hesitated about the taxonomic integrity of  M. ostenta, which may constitute a species with a considerable conchological variation or more than one species. They warned for the chromatic variation, the emergence of the median spiral cord of the teleoconch, and the number of whorls and spiral cords of the protoconch. Differences in the size and shape of adult shells ( Fig. 7) also occur. Agreeing with the previous authors, an in-depth analysis of anatomy and DNA may solve this taxonomical problem. Meanwhile, shells from Brazilare allocated under this name. The shell illustrated by Garcia & Lee (2011)as  M. ostentafrom Louisiana(southern USA) is dark and with a much rectilinear profile, not being recognized as belonging to this species. Shells from Brazilhardly ever show a slightly different coloration in the adapical spiral cord (somewhat darker or clearer) in relation to the remaining teleoconch ( Fig. 7F–S), as sometimes observed in shells from the typematerial. Shells of  Marshallora modesta(C.B. Adams, 1850)and  Marshallora nigrocincta(C.B. Adams, 1839)are darker than those of  M. ostenta, never acquiring a white coloration in the initial whorls of the teleoconch ( Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008). In addition,  M. ostentais found in a wider bathymetric range than the two former species, which are mainly restricted to the littoral zone.   Geographical records  USA: Georgia(this study), Florida ( Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008; Lee 2009); Cuba( typelocality); Brazil: Amapá, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipeto Rio de Janeiro(this study).   Bathymetric distribution Depth: 3–92 m(this study). 2636392544 [189,748,834,861] MNCN Cuba Cienfuegos Bay 19 20 MNCN 15.05/47055. 1 Cienfuegos Bay holotype 2636392821 [189,653,939,965] 19 20 1 2636393255 [189,1061,1043,1070] UFMA Brazil North Brazil 19 20 11 North Brazil 2636393412 Brazil Amapa 19 20 1 Amapa 2636393540 [589,1266,1079,1107] MNRJ Brazil 3.9786112 21 -49.556667 19 20 MNRJ 32570 1 North Brazil 2636392608 MORG Brazil 19 20 MORG 43335 1 North Brazil 2636393028 MNRJ Brazil Rio Grande do Norte 19 20 MNRJ 33801 1 Rio Grande do Norte 2636393306 [329,779,1154,1181] MNRJ Brazil 19 20 MNRJ 31536 1 North Brazil 2636393462 [818,1267,1154,1181] MNRJ Brazil 19 20 MNRJ 31538 1 North Brazil 2636392742 MNRJ Brazil 19 20 MNRJ 31657 1 North Brazil 2636392413 [595,1066,1192,1219] MNRJ Brazil 19 20 MNRJ 31540 2 North Brazil 2636393408 MNRJ Brazil Sergipe 19 20 MNRJ 31541 1 Sergipe 2636392810 [528,1279,1229,1256] Brazil Petro 19 20 1 North Brazil 2636393399 UFS Brazil Petro 19 20 1 North Brazil 2636392814 [521,928,1266,1292] UFS Brazil Petro 19 20 1 North Brazil 2636392935 1997-05 MNRJ Brazil Baia de Todos os Santos Baia de Todos 19 20 MNRJ 34430 4 Bahia 2636393196 2000-01-08 MZSP P. J. Souza & E. Goncalves Brazil 2 Alcobaca Parcel Paredes 19 20 MZSP 56305 1 Espirito Santo 2636392658 MORG Brazil 19 20 MORG 40378 1 Bahia 2636393011 [394,1039,1377,1404] MORG Brazil 19 20 MORG 52253 2 Bahia 2636392719 IBUFRJ Brazil 19 20 IBUFRJ 19484 3 Bahia 2636392541 [521,1122,1414,1441] MORG Brazil 19 20 MORG 39090 1 Bahia 2636392426 2003-10 MNRJ Brazil 46 -19.418888 21 -39.266388 19 20 MNRJ 31169 1 46 Bahia 2636392317 2003-10 MNRJ Brazil 43 -19.426945 21 -39.372776 19 20 MNRJ 30750 1 Bahia 2636392441 [516,1146,1488,1515] IBUFRJ Brazil 19 20 IBUFRJ 19614 1 Bahia 2636392586 R, IBUFRJ Brazil Central 19 20 IBUFRJ 19506 1 Bahia 2636392429 [638,1270,1524,1552] 2008-06 MNRJ Brazil -20.233334 1268 -40.2 19 20 MNRJ 32659 1 Bahia 2636392766 2013-01 MNRJ W. Vieira Brazil 13 -20.7 Ilha Escalvada 21 -40.40778 19 20 MNRJ 34026 1 Bahia 2636393327 [189,1037,1598,1626] 1979-08-27 IBUFRJ Brazil 43 -20.7 1266 -40.1 19 20 IBUFRJ 19551 45 43 Bahia 2636392834 2007-11 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 32412 6 Bahia 2636392600 [522,1274,1635,1663] 2007-09 2008-10 2007-09 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 17227 1 Bahia 2636392537 2007-09 2008-10 2007-09 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 30838 1 Bahia 2636393199 2007-09 2008-10 2007-09 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 31017 1 Bahia 2636392553 [474,1264,1709,1737] 2007-09 2008-10 2007-09 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 31029 1 Bahia 2636392481 2007-09 2008-10 2007-09 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 31139 1 Bahia 2636393167 2010-03 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 31047 1 Bahia 2636392762 [393,1023,1783,1812] 2010-03 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 31087 2 Bahia 2636393563 2010-03 MNRJ Brazil -20.783333 Rio de Janeiro 1266 -40.566666 19 20 MNRJ 31092 1 Rio de Janeiro 2636393367 [734,1156,1822,1849] HAB, MNRJ Brazil 19 20 MNRJ 18588 2 Bahia 2636393549 HAB, MNRJ Brazil 19 20 MNRJ 18623 1 Bahia 2636393422 [438,1058,1859,1886] IBUFRJ Brazil 19 20 IBUFRJ 19532 1 Bahia 2636393132 IBUFRJ Brazil 19 20 IBUFRJ 12881 1 Bahia 2636392487 1980-09-04 R, V R / V Bagby United States of America 35 30.904999 Georgia 20 -80.60333 19 20 USNM 848771 1 Georgia