Four new species of Pselaphodes Westwood (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Thailand, Laos, and China Huang, Meng-Chi Li, Li-Zhen Yin, Zi-Wei Zootaxa 2018 2018-09-07 4472 1 100 110 4NF7F Huang & Li & Yin, 2018 Huang & Li & Yin 2018 [151,422,617,643] Insecta Staphylinidae Pselaphodes GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 1 101 Arthropoda species femoralis sp. nov.     Typematerial(14 exs).  Holotype: CHINA: ♂, ‘ China: N. Guizhou, Daozhen Co.(道真仡佬族苗族自治县), Dashahe(大沙河), ( 29°10′12″N, 107°33′36″E), mixed leaf litter, sifted,  1730 m,  07.VII.2015, Jiang, Peng, Tu& Zhouleg.’ ( SNUC).   Paratypes: CHINA: 1 ♂, same label data as the holotype( SNUC);  1 ♂, also from N. Guizhou( 28°30′01″N, 106°24′12″E), except ‘ Xishui Co.(习水县), Sanchahe(三岔河),  890 m,  12.VII.2015.’ ( SNUC);  1 ♂, ‘ China: S. Zhejiang, Qingyuan BaishanzuN.R. (庆元百山祖自然保护区), path nr. hotel, ( 27°44′42″N, 119°10′19″E), leaf litter, sifted,  30.iv.2014, 1060-  1130 m, Peng, Song, Yan & Yu’ ( SNUC);  1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, ‘ China: Fujian Province, Wuyishan City(武夷山市), Tongmu Village(桐木村), Guadun(挂墩), ( 27°44′01”N, 117°38′13″E), mixed forest, leaf litter, wood, sifted,  1242 m,  4.x.2015, Yan, Tu, Shen, Jiang& Zhouleg.’ ( SNUC);  1 ♂, ‘ China: Guangdong Province, Ruyuan Hsien(乳源瑶族自治县), NanlingN.R. (南岭自然保护区), Hamashi(蛤蟆石), ( 24°55′37″N, 112°59′21″E), mixed forest, leaf litter, sifted,  1750 m,  01.v.2015, Peng, Tu, Zhouleg.’ ( SNUC);  1 ♂, 1 ♀, ‘ China: Guangxi, Wuming County(武鸣县), Daming Shan(大明山), ( 23°30′57″N, 108°26′13″E), mixed leaf litter, sifted,  1150-1250 m,  31.vii.2012, Hu& Songleg.’ ( SNUC);  1 ♂, ‘ China:  SICHUANPROV., Emeishan Mt., QINGYIN TEMPLE (清音阁),  700 m, ( 29°34′20″N, 103°23′31″E),  7.VI.2014, sift #3, around wet rocks, mixed forest near river, J. Hájek& Růžičkaleg.’ ( NMPC);   THAILAND: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ‘ Thailand, 1990. Do Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanct. Chiang Dao Dist.  510 m, 23. 11, P. Schwendinger’( MHNG);  1 ♂, ‘ THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Doi Ang Khang, 10 km, W Fang,  1500 m,  20.III.87, P. Schwendinger.’ ( MHNG).   Diagnosis of male.Length 2.88–3.52 mm; antennomere IX with a disc-shaped process at apex; profemur with two bluntly triangular projections; protibia with a distinct acute spur near middle, and a strongly expanded projection at the apex.   Description.Male ( Fig. 1A). Body reddish brown, BL 2.88–3.52 mm. Head about as long as wide, HL 0.54– 0.69 mm, HW 0.59–0.64 mm; each eye composed of about 40 facets; ocular canthus well-developed. Antennomeres ( Fig. 2A) IX–XI forming distinct club, antennomere IX slightly modified, with disc-shaped process at apex. Pronotum ( Fig. 2B) longer than wide, PL 0.66–0.71 mm, PW 0.59–0.66 mm, coarsely punctate and regularly pubescent, with lateral margins rounded. Elytra wider than long, EL 0.79–0.92 mm, EW 1.05–1.20 mm. Metaventral processes ( Fig. 2C) short, curved ventrally at apices. Protrochanter simple, profemur ( Fig. 2D) with two large, bluntly triangular projections; protibia ( Fig. 2E) with small spine near middle and large triangular projection at apex; mesotrochanter and mesofemur ( Fig. 2F) simple, mesotibia ( Fig. 2G) with distinct apical spur; hind legs ( Fig. 2H) simple. Abdomen broad at base and narrowed apically, AL 0.86–0.96 mm, AW 1.02–1.13 mm. Sternite IX ( Fig. 2I) semi-membranous. Length of aedeagus 0.64–0.83 mm, median lobe broad and asymmetric, parameres elongate, endophallus usually composed of two elongate sclerites and one sclerite of numerous ‘spinelike’ structures. ( Fig. 2J–L, Fig. 3). Female. Similar to male in general; each eye composed of about 30 facets; antennae and legs simple. Measurements: BL 2.87–3.11 mm, HL 0.63–0.68 mm, HW 0.61–0.64 mm, PL 0.59–0.66 mm, PW 0.59–0.66 mm, EL 0.79–0.86 mm, EW 1.05–1.17 mm, AL 0.86–0.95 mm, AW 1.17–1.34 mm.   Distribution. China: Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou; Thailand: Chiang Mai.   FIGURE 1.Dorsal habitus of  Pselaphodesmales. A.  P. femoralis. B.  P. incisus .Scale bars: 1 mm.  Comparative notes.Males of the new species can be readily separated from all known congener by the enlarged antennomere IX with a disc-like process, the profemur with two blunt, triangular spines, and the protibia with an acute spur near middle and a large projection at the apex.   Intraspecific variation.  Pselaphodes femoralisis one of the most widely distributed  Pselaphodesspecies in Asia. The known range of this species extends from the southwestern part of Zhejiang in eastern China to northern Thailand, from 510 m(Chiang Dao, Thailand) up to 1,750 m(Guangdong, China) above sea level. The degree of variability in the shape of the aedeagus among different populations is remarkable. The apical portion of the median lobe (in lateral view) can be as narrow as in the population from Sichuan, China ( Fig. 2L), or as broad as in the population from Chiang Dao, Thailand ( Fig. 3I–J). The endophallus generally comprises one to two elongate sclerites, and a broad and less strongly sclerotized plate with numerous ‘spine-like’ structures, despite the position, length and shape of these sclerites are highly variable. However, all these populations exhibit a quite stable combinations of male external features, especially the uniquely modified profemur ( Fig. 2D), protibia ( Fig. 2E), and antennomeres IX ( Fig. 2A) are nearly identical. The aedeagal structure from all populations in China are more or less similar, while the biggest difference in the population from Thailand ( Fig. 2I–L) can be attributed to the greatest geographical span (there is no record in Yunnan, northern Laos, and Vietnam). It is not difficult to image that continuous variation might be found when a much broader sample becomes available. We therefore regard all these populations as representing a single species.   Etymology.The specific epithet refers to the large, blunt projections of the profemur, which are speciesspecific. 1913889351 2015-07-07 SNUC Jiang & Peng & Tu & Zhou China Daozhen Co. 1730 29.17 Dashahe 20 107.560005 China 1 101 1 1 Guizhou holotype 1913889364 [380,1129,803,828] SNUC China CHINA 1 101 1 1 paratype 1913889353 2015-07-12 SNUC China Xishui Co. 890 28.500278 Sanchahe 20 106.403336 1 101 1 1 Guizhou paratype 1913889365 2014-04-30 SNUC China 1130 27.745 Qingyuan Baishanzu 20 119.17194 1 101 1 1 Zhejiang paratype 1913889354 2015-10-04 SNUC Yan & Tu & Shen & Jiang & Zhou China Wuyishan City 1242 27.733612 Guadun 20 117.63694 Tongmu Village 1 101 3 2 1 Fujian Province paratype 1913889352 2015-05-01 SNUC Peng & Tu & Zhou China Ruyuan Hsien 1750 24.926945 Hamashi 21 112.98917 Nanling 1 101 1 1 Guangdong Province paratype 1913889358 2012-07-31 SNUC Hu & Song China Wuming County 1200 23.515833 Daming Shan 21 108.43694 1 101 2 1 1 Guangxi paratype 1913889362 2014-06-07 SICHUAN, PROV, NMPC J. Hajek & Ruzicka China 700 29.572224 Emeishan Mt. 20 103.391945 1 101 1 1 SICHUAN paratype 1913889361 MHNG P. Schwendinger' Thailand 510 Dao Wildlife Sanct. Chiang Dao Dist. Thailand 1 101 2 1 1 paratype 1913889360 1987-03-20 MHNG P. Schwendinger. Thailand 1500 Fang Doi Ang Khang 1 101 1 1 Chiang Mai paratype