Three new species of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from Brazil Brito, Roniere A. Lima, Estevam C. A. Zeppelini, Douglas Zootaxa 2019 2019-11-26 4700 4 401 430 Brito & Lima & Zeppelini, 2019 Brito & Lima & Zeppelini 2019 [151,449,1695,1722] Entognatha Arrhopalitidae Arrhopalites Animalia Collembola 1 402 Arthropoda species mendoncae sp. nov.   Figs 1 –14, Table 1and 2   Diagnosis.Trichobothria ABCform a very obtuse angle and AB< BC. Antenna about 2× larger than cephalic; Ant. III mid-dorsal with two longer chaetae. Ant. IV with 13 whorls of chaetae and five ringed sub-segments. Cephalic dorsum with 15 spines, normal chaetae in rows A(3) and B(1). GI–II without tunica, GIII may present a weak tunica, all ungues with a small inner tooth. Tip of Un III not reaching the tip of the corresponding unguis, all unguiculus with corner tooth. Ventral tube and tenaculum with two chaetae each. Manubrium with 4 + 4 chaetae; anterior dens 3:2:2:1:1. Abd. VI upper valve with 2 + 1 + 2 cuticular spines, 2 + 2 inlower valves; broad and winged mpchaetae. Species belongs to the harveyi-group.   Type material.  Holotypefemale on slide, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Acima, Serra do Gandarela( 43°40’07”W; 20°04’02”S), Gand 109, limestone cave,  15–31.III.2016, leg. Carsteteam. Holotypedeposited at CRFS-UEPB #10322.  Paratypefemale, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Acima, Serra do Gandarela( 43°40’07”W; 20°04’02”S), Gand 109, limestone cave,  15–31.III.2016, leg. Carsteteam.  Paratypedeposited at MZUSP.  Additional materials.Female, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Acima, Serra do Gandarela ( 43°39’52”W; 20°02’51”S), Gand 102, iron rock cave, 15–31. III.2016, leg. Carste team #10783. Female, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Matozinhos ( 44°05’36”W; 19°31’53”S), BM81, limestone cave, 07–20.XII.2016, leg. Spelayon team #11985. All deposited in CRFS-UEPB.   Description. Holotypebody about 1.02 mmlength. Other measurements presented in Table 1. Coloration in ethanol ranged from white to yellow.   TABLE 1.Holotype and paratype body measurements for  Arrhopalites mendoncae  sp. nov,  Pararrhopalites queirozi  sp. nov., and  Coecobrya phoenix  sp. nov.; All measurements in µm.      A. mendoncae  sp. nov.   P. queirozi  sp. nov.   C. phoenix  sp. nov.  Holotype Paratype Holotype Paratype Holotype Paratype  Body 1019.59 923.93 1166.39 1176.27 1494.89 1159.65  Ant. I 46.79 33.99 43.33 37.56 64.17 51.47  Ant. II 74.54 64.41 79.64 76.94 104.09 96.70  Ant. III 146.15 133.55 131.67 123.02 148.14 99.61  Ant. IV 318.22 269.33 353.08 317.53 244.46 183.80  CD 298.53 254.59 362.12 305.05 306.36 240.46  Tr I 53.60 42.99 63.54 53.54 74.86 52.13  Tr II 43.10 39.57 55.01 65.75 72.25 53.01  Tr III 64.60 48.96 65.86 66.84 82.31 55.79  F I 111.64 96.42 119.85 121.78 191.80 136.10  F II 109.18 98.13 125.86 143.35 188.35 142.10  F III 140.88 110.91 157.03 141.28 207.57 167.05  T I 193.48 163.93 215.96 208.36 218.81 171.92  T II 188.44 162.72 224.49 262.12 243.86 193.22  T III 239.22 201.69 281.82 270.13 305.88 204.03  G I 45.47 38.91 36.24 33.66 30.43 23.57  G II 42.05 36.13 34.58 36.38 31.74 23.98  G III 43.90 36.61 39.43 36.15 35.05 25.80  Un I 17.05 14.32 19.81 14.93 20.40 17.45  Un II 17.73 15.25 16.18 17.04 21.43 18.07  Un III 18.98 16.04 17.91 16.44 22.01 19.93  Manubrium 47.28 52.46 49.21 45.59 277,74 199,23  Dens 170.57 144.76 203.66 191.54 331.75 253.56  Mucro 110.77 94.40 101.59 97.74 16.22 13.01  Abd VI longest chaetae 96.46 94.78 54.10 42.92 45.32 41.02  Appendices anales 37.62 32.39 24.10 26.48 NA NA  (NA) Not applicable. Antennae ( Figs. 1–4). About 1.96× cephalic length. Mean length ratio of antenna segments I: II, III, IV = 1: 1.6, 3.1, 6.8. Ant. I with six normal chaetae on anterior side, and one small microchaeta in apical part on posterior side ( Fig. 1). Ant. II with eight apical chaetae, three medial and three basal, one basal internal much longer (~3×) than other two ( Fig. 2). Ant. III apical organ with two sensilla in separate pits, Aibigger than Ape, Apeshort and bristle-like, Aaiminute, rod-like and blunt, other chaetae normal. Ant. III mid-dorsal with two chaetae longer than the other in the segment ( Fig. 3). Ant. IV subdivided into five ringed sub-segments. Sub-segment formula as 1 + 3 + 1 = ( A + M1, M2) + ( M3–M5) + ( B), Aapex with a capitate sense rod. Ant. IV with 13 whorls of chaetae: four on apical sub-segments ( A + M1), five on median sub-segments ( M2–M5 + BA) and four on basal sub-segments ( BM1–BM3 + BB) ( Fig. 4). Head ( Figs. 5–6). Eyes 1 + 1 unpigmented. Posterior cephalic spines interposed between normal chaetae, posterior dorsal chaetotaxy A, B, C, Das 5,3,4,7, inter-antennal region with four αand three βchaetae; frontal cephalic chaetotaxy ato fas 5,8,8,10,12,12 and with six medial chaetae ( Fig. 5). Labral chaetotaxy a, m, p, plwith 4,5,5,6 chaetae respectively ( Fig. 6). Leg I ( Fig. 7). Precoxae and coxa with one chaetae. Trochanter with three anterior and one posterior chaetae. Femur with 12 chaetae, a4turned perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the segment. Tibiotarsus with 44 chaetae: whorl I with 9, Jais slightly curved, whorls II–V with 8, region Fwith three primary FPchaetae ( e, ae, pe), secondary FSaabsent. Pretarsus with 1 + 1 chaetae. Unguis 5.25 shorter than tibiotarsus, without tunica, with a small inner medial tooth; lateral or posterior tooth absent. Unguiculus sub-apical filament exceeding unguis tip, with clear corner tooth; 2.66 shorter than unguis. Leg II ( Fig. 8). Epicoxae with one and precoxae with two chaetae, pre-coxal process absent; coxa with three primary chaetae,  i2chaetae absent. Trochanter with trochanteral organ ( a1), three anterior and one posterior chaetae. Femur with 13 chaetae; p1and p3small and thin. Tibiotarsus with 41 chaetae: whorl I with 8, Janormal and not curved as in leg I, whorls II, IV with 8, whorls III, V with 7 ( Vpabsent); region Fwith three primary FPchaetae ( e, ae, pe), FSaabsent. Unguis 4.48× shorter than tibiotarsus, small inner medial tooth present, without tunica. Unguiculus 2.37× shorter than unguis, with small corner tooth; subapical filament exceeds unguis tip. Leg III ( Fig. 9). Epicoxae with two and precoxae with three distal chaetae, coxa with three anterior chaetae, one anterior microsensillum and one posterior chaetae. Trochanter with three anterior chaetae, a metatrochanteral organ, and one posterior chaetae. Femur with 12 anterior chaetae and one short chaetae ( p1) on posterior face. Tibiotarsus with 44 chaetae: whorl I with 9, Janormal and not curved, whorls II–IV with 8, whorl V with 7 ( Vpabsent); region Fwith three primary FPchaetae ( e, ae, pe), secondary FSapresent. Unguis 5.44× shorter than tibiotarsus, with a weak tunica and one small inner tooth. Unguiculus 2.31× shorter than unguis, with a corner tooth, subapical filament short, never reaching the tip of the unguis. Lengths ratio of tibiotarsi I: II, III = 1: 0.97, 1.24. Ratio cephalic: tibiotarsus I = 1.54. Ventral tube 1 + 1 apical anterior chaetae. Rami tenaculum tridentate with a basal finger-like appendix, corpus two apical chaetae. Furca ( Figs. 10, 11). Manubrium with 4 + 4 distal chaetae. Dens (23 chaetae): anterior side chaetotaxy I( ae, a, ai): II( ae, a): III( ae, a): V( a): B( a) as 3: 2: 2: 1: 1, all chaetae simple; posterior chaetotaxy Ie, I–IVpe, Ipand IIIp, Ii, II–IVpiheavily spiny ( Fig. 10). Mucro gutter-like, both lamellae serrated, constricted at the distal third, with a spoon shaped tip ( Fig. 11). Dens 1.54× as long as mucro. Great abdomen ( Figs. 12, 13). All chaetae smooth and acuminated; Th and Abd I chaetae short, dorsal posterior abdominal chaetae long normal. Trichobothrial complex: ABCform an obtuse angle near straight angle (= 167°), ABsmaller than BC( AB= 81.7, BC= 90.5, AC= 171,6, all in m) ( Fig. 12). Single pchaetae of p–row on Abd I located below the level of trichobothrium B; chaetae b1on same line as BC, closer to C; chaetae c1and c2below the trichobothrium C. Central dorsal complex with three chaetae arranged in triangular form. Posterior complex lateral with 2 + 3, dorsal with dI = 7, dII = 9 and dIII = 5 chaetae. Furca base complex with nine chaetae. Ventral complex with three chaetae ( Fig. 13). Small abdomen of female ( Figs 13–14). Fifth segment with two chaetae and trichobothrium Din row a, two chaetae in row p. Genital field with 3 + 3 chaetae close to anterior margin of genital opening ( Fig. 13). Sixth segment with 2 + 1 + 2 cuticular spines on the upper valve, lower valves with 2 + 2 spines. Chaetae ms1slightly curved. Chaetae mps1–3, mpi1–3broad and winged. Lower valves with aai1, aai2chaetae; sub-anal appendage flattened, gutter-like, and apically serrated.   Etymology.The species is named after Maria Cleide Mendonça as recognition to her remarkable contributions to Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiroand study of Collembola.   Distribution and habitat.Good’s Biogeographic zone 27 ( Good 1974; Culik & Zeppelini 2003). The climate according to Köppen’s system ( Köppen 1936; Shear 1966; Sá Junior et al. 2012) in localities varies from ‘Cwa’ (Serra do Gandarela, Rio Acima), humid temperate climate with temperature below 18°C in dry winter, to ‘Aw’ (Matozinhos), tropical climate with temperature above 18°C in dry winter, both with rainy and hot summer. Populations of new species were found in three caves with distinct lithology, on dry soil in dark zone of hypogean environment, were not collected outside the caves. Cave BM 81 inMatozinhos, Minas Geraisis next to mining degraded areas and suffers from intense direct and indirect environmental pressures related to this activity.   Remarks.  Arrhopalites mendoncae  sp. nov.moderately troglomorphic species with reduced eyes and absent pigmentation, relatively long antennae and slender but not elongated claws, even though its distribution suggest this is not a troglobite. Brazilian  Arrhopalitesare part of harveyi-group with 3:2:2:1:1 chaetae on anterior surface of dens. The new species differs from  A. alambariensisZeppelini, 2006,  A. amorimi Palacios-Vargas & Zeppelini, 1995,  A. lawrenci Palacios-Vargas & Zeppelini, 1995,  A. heteroculatusZeppelini, 2006,  A. paranaensisZeppelini, 2006and  A. glabrofasciatus Zeppelini, Brito & Lima, 2018(in: Zeppelini et al. 2018b) by the Ant. IV subsegmentation,  A. mendoncae  sp. nov.with five vs. zero in  A. alambariensisand six in the others. The new species shares with  A. gnaspinius Palacios-Vargas & Zeppelini, 1995and  A. botuveraensisZeppelini, 2006the five subsegmented Ant. IV, and 1+1 eyes, however differs from this by absence of tunica in all ungues, present in unguis II and III in the other two species.  Arrhopalites mendoncae  sp. nov.present ms1smooth in small Abd like in  A. glabrofasciatus, but differs from the other species that present ms1lamellate (  A. amorimi,  A. gnaspinius,  A. lawrenci,  A. heteroculatus,  A. alambariensis,  A. botuveraensis,  A. paranaensis) and swollen basally (  A. lawrenci, and  A. heteroculatus). A comparison of the morphological characters and distribution of the Brazilian  Arrhopalitesspecies is given in Table 2. 2459985062 2016-03-15 2016-03-31 2016-03-15 Carste Brazil -20.067223 Serra do Gandarela 21 -43.668613 Rio Acima 2 403 1 Minas Gerais holotype 2459985073 2016-03-15 2016-03-31 2016-03-15 Carste Brazil -20.067223 Serra do Gandarela 21 -43.668613 Rio Acima 2 403 1 Minas Gerais paratype 2459985070 [766,1106,260,287] MZUSP Brazil 2 403 1 Minas Gerais paratype