A review of Mexican Stamnodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with the description of 16 new species Matson, Tanner A. European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-12-14 911 1 79 Matson, 2023 Matson 2023 [641,848,1673,1700] Insecta Geometridae Stamnodes Animalia Lepidoptera 14 15 Arthropoda species fuego sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 02C87385-7562-42ED-9622-59B53B323687  Figs 8, 47, 65, 78, 94–95    Diagnosis So far as known, this species, with its dark orange-red ground colour and mostly charcoal hindwings, cannot be confused with others. Unpublished preliminary phylogenetic analyses (Matson & Wagner in prep.) show a close relationship with  Stamnodes favilla sp. nov.; however, the dark orange-red ground colour immediately sets this species apart from the latter, as well as from  S. carota sp. nov.and  S. clara sp. nov.– two other species that also appear to be closely related.    Etymology The specific epithet  fuego, meaning ‘fire’ in Spanish, was inspired by the orange-red ground colour and charcoal-coloured patches that adorn the wings. The name is a noun in apposition.    Material examined   Holotype   MEXICO• ♂; Sonora, Municipio de Bacadehuachi, Rincón de Guadalupe,  14.9 km(air) ENEof Bacadehuachi, Arroyo Campo Los Padres( Río Riito drainage), Sierra de Bacadehuachi; 29°50′53″ N, 108°59′39″ W; elev.  1814 m;  2 Sep. 2011; J. Paltingleg.; genetic voucher: TAM0075; BOLD Process ID: WAGL2449-20; GenBank: OP898448; USNMENT01771229.   Paratypes( 13 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀)   MEXICO–  Chihuahua• 1 ♂;  3 mi.southof Témoris; [ 27.23° N, 108.27° W];  28 Aug. 1969; T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaserleg.; AMNH_ IZC 00352927•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; elev.  4700 ft;  2 Sep. 1969; AMNH_ IZC 00352929•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  18 Aug. 1969; genitalia: TAM-2020-024( USNM 154201); USNM01771231•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; genitalia: TAM-2020-025( USNM 154200); USNM01771230•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;  16 Aug. 1969; USNM01771234•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  1 Aug. 1969; genitalia: TAM-2020-027( USNM 154202); USNM01771232•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  2 Sep. 1969; USNM01771233•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CNIN•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BMEC•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  2 Aug. 1969; BMEC•  1 ♂;  4 mi.SWof Témoris; [ 27.23° N, 108.32° W];  7 Sep. 1969; T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaserleg.; AMNH_ IZC 00352928•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; elev.  4700 ft;  28 Aug. 1968; USNM01771239•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;  22 Aug. 1968; BMEC•  2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding;  7 Sep. 1969; BMEC•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  22 Aug. 1968; BMEC.    Description  Male  FOREWING LENGTH. 15–17 mm(n = 14).  HEAD. Antenna filiform, fuscous. Vertex mostly pink; frons white at ventral margin, white and pink at dorsal margin, and broadly fuscous between. Labial palpus short, slightly porrect, subequal to diameter of eye, fuscous medially and white at apex and base.  THORAX. Patagium mostly pink; tegula fuscous. Mesothorax fuscous above, white beneath. Legs banded with fuscous and white; tibial spur formula 0–2–4; epiphysis well developed.  FOREWING. Deep orange-red; costa charcoal, with three, small white patches. Apical area charcoal, rarely with small patch of ground colour. Underside concolourous with forewing except for wavy white patch bordered by red within charcoal apical area; white costal markings more pronounced. Fringe checkered.  HINDWING. Mostly charcoal, but strongly blotched with orange-red in medial and costal areas. Underside also mostly charcoal, but with bright white reticulate patches outlined in red (see Fig. 8b), and veins faintly outlined with white. Fringe checkered.  ABDOMEN. Charcoal to fuscous above, paler below, and with subtle banding from pale scales at posterior of segments.  GENITALIA( Fig. 47). Uncus long, slender, and tapering. Subscaphium well developed. Juxta large, nearly as wide as vinculum, and U-shaped with posterolateral, long, curved, acuminate-conical processes (processes may be more curved and acuminate than in  S. favilla sp. nov.). Inner face of valva with two hair tufts: smaller tuft arising basally from digitate tubercle; second, larger, more laterally widened tuft residing in slight depression and extending to subapical area of valva. Costal sclerite terminating just short of apex. Vesica with eight or more clustered cornuti of varying size, smallest cornutus about one-third length of largest.  Female Outwardly undifferentiated from male.  FOREWING LENGTH. 17–19 mm(n = 3).  GENITALIA( Fig. 65). Anterior apophysis two-thirds length of posterior apophysis. Ductus bursae short and narrow with prominent sclerite flattened on ventral surface and dorsolaterally rolled toward median; longer than that of most congeners. Corpus bursae ovoid, laterally sclerotized near posterior base, and with circular and depressed signum bearing numerous minute papillae; signum situated at anterior of corpus bursae.   Distribution( Fig. 78)  Mexico:  Stamnodes fuego sp. nov.is known from the northeastern Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests. The only known collections of this species are from the typematerial in Sonoraand Chihuahua.    Biology   Stamnodes fuego sp. nov.is known to fly from August into September. The immature stages remain unknown, but from knowledge of visually similar  Stamnodes, it is predicted this species will be hosted by local mints ( Lamiaceae).    Molecular characterization This species is represented in BOLD as BIN: BOLD:AEH2873 (n = 1). The distance to the nearest adjacent interspecific neighbour,  Stamnodes favilla sp. nov.(n = 2), is around 5% ( Fig. 94).    Remarks All but one paratypewere obtained from the same U.S.led expeditions to Mexicoin the late 1960’s and held in the Bohart Museum of Entomology at the University of California, Davis. The holotype, collected by John Palting in 2011, is the only recent collection that I have examined. 4463259394 2011-09-02 TAM, WAGL J. Palting Mexico Municipio de Bacadehuachi 1814 29.848057 Bacadehuachi 20 -108.99416 Rincon de Guadalupe 15 16 TAM0075, WAGL2449-20, USNMENT01771229 1 1 Sonora holotype 4463259322 1969-08-28 AMNH T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 IZC 00352927 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259319 1969-09-02 AMNH T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 IZC 00352929 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259343 1969-08-18 TAM, USNM T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 TAM-2020-024, USNM 154201, USNM01771231 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259331 1969-08-18 TAM, USNM T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 TAM-2020-025, USNM 154200, USNM01771230 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259352 1969-08-16 USNM T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 USNM01771234 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259345 1969-08-01 TAM, USNM T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 TAM-2020-027, USNM 154202, USNM01771232 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259403 1969-09-02 USNM T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 USNM01771233 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259336 [715,1315,946,973] 1969-09-02 CNIN T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259424 1969-09-02 BMEC T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259321 1969-08-02 BMEC T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.27 15 16 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259395 1969-09-07 AMNH T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.32 15 16 IZC 00352928 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259404 1968-08-28 USNM T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.32 15 16 USNM01771239 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259396 [497,1292,1087,1113] 1968-08-22 BMEC T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.32 15 16 1 1 Chihuahua paratype 4463259304 1969-09-07 BMEC T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.32 15 16 2 2 Chihuahua paratype 4463259315 1968-08-22 BMEC T. A. Sears & R. C. Gardner & C. S. Glaser Mexico 1433 27.23 Temoris 742 -108.32 15 16 1 1 Chihuahua paratype