A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research Sara A. Lourie Riley A. Pollom Sarah J. Foster Zootaxa 2016 4146 1 1 66 3LZM9 Girard 1858 Girard 1858 [151,435,151,178] Actinopterygii Syngnathidae Hippocampus Animalia Syngnathiformes 28 29 Chordata species ingens   Synonyms.  H. gracilisGill 1862,  H. ecuadorensisFowler 1922,  H. hildebrandi Ginsburg 1933.   Distribution. Colombia,  CostaRica,  Ecuador(including the Malpelo, Cocos and Galapagos Islands), El Salvador,  Guatemala, Honduras,  Mexico, Nicaragua,  Panama, Peru, USA( California).  Lectotype: USNM 982. Paralectotypes: MCZ 35914 [ex USNM 982], UMMZ 118063, USNM 214485 [ex USNM 982] (2).     Typelocality. San Diego, USA.  Notes.See Fritzsche (1980)for refutations of all three synonyms. Anecdotal reports exist of  H. ingensindividuals being seen by fishers as far north as Barkley Sound, British Columbia(W. Harstad, pers. comm.2014; A. Vincent, pers. comm.2014). Genetic studies indicate low overall diversity within this species relative to other seahorses based on mtDNA cyt b(587 bp, 0.8% Tamura-Nei distance) and control region (340 bp, 1.2% Tamura-Nei distance) and tRNA-pro and control region (428 bp, 0.39% nucleotide diversity (q P) sequences ( Sanders et al.2008; Saarman et al.2010). 1416636208 [199,567,420,445] United States of America San Diego 28 29 1 holotype