Camponotus rubripes r. samius Forel, 1889: 262 Dalla Torre, 1893: 251 Camponotus maculatus : Emery, 1896: 370 Emery, 1905: 35 Forel, 1906: 187 Emery, 1920: 6 Emery, 1925: 100 Finzi, 1930: 318 Camponotus samius var. spagnolinii Emery, 1920: 6 Agosti & Collingwood, 1987: 59 C. samius Camponotus maculatus r. samius var. bosphoricus Forel, 1906: 187 Emery, 1925: 100 samius Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 219 Bolton, 1995: 89 Kiran & Karaman , 2012: 8 Camponotus rubripes r. cognatus var. cognatopilicornis Forel, 1889: 255 ionius Emery, 1925: 100 samius Radchenko, 1997: 809 Review of the Camponotus samius complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Turano-Balkan region, with the description of a new species from Iran Salata, Sebastian Khalili-Moghadam, Arsalan Borowiec, Lech Zootaxa 2020 2020-04-15 4763 4 545 562 68WKF Forel, 1889 Forel 1889 [151,544,1428,1454] Insecta Formicidae Camponotus Animalia Hymenoptera 9 554 Arthropoda species samius   Figs 15–16, 24–25      Camponotus rubripesr. samius Forel, 1889: 262(s.w.). Raised to species:  Dalla Torre, 1893: 251. Subspecies of   Camponotus maculatus: Emery, 1896: 370;  Emery, 1905: 35;  Forel, 1906: 187. Revived status as species:  Emery, 1920: 6;  Emery, 1925: 100;  Finzi, 1930: 318.  Syntypemajor and minor workers, Marathokampos, Samos, Greece(MSNG) [ Syntypemajor and minor workers images examined, AntWeb, CASENT0910260 and CASENT0910259, photos by Zach Lieberman, available on AntWeb.org].  =   Camponotus samiusvar. spagnolinii Emery, 1920: 6(w.);  Agosti & Collingwood, 1987: 59, as a junior synonym of  C. samius.  Syntypemajor and minor workers, Büyükada, Turkey(MHNG) [ Syntypemajor and minor workers images examined, AntWeb, CASENT0905291 and CASENT0905290, photos by Will Ericson, available on AntWeb.org].   =   Camponotus maculatusr. samiusvar. bosphoricus Forel, 1906: 187(w.) Turkey; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name. Material referred to spagnoliniiby  Emery, 1925: 100. Material referred to  samiusby  Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 219;  Bolton, 1995: 89;  Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 8.   =   Camponotus rubripesr. cognatusvar. cognatopilicornis Forel, 1889: 255, 262 (w.) Greece; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name. Material referred to  ioniusby  Emery, 1925: 100. Material referred to  samiusby  Radchenko, 1997: 809.   Diagnosis.Hindtibia and scape with decumbent to suberect pilosity but without additional erect setae; gena with numerous erect setae; minor and major workers with head uniformly black to dark brown, mesosoma and legs with variable colouration from yellow to reddish-brown, gaster in major and minor workers always with distinctly brighter basal part; pilosity on gaster sparse and thin.   Distribution. Greece( Salata & Borowiec 2018), Turkey( Kiran & Karaman2012), Romania( Tausan & Lapeva-Gjonova 2017), Bulgaria( Lapeva-Gjonova et al.2010). We consider the record from Afghanistan( Collingwood 1961) as doubtful due to the remote locality of this place from the known distribution of the species.   Biology.  Camponotus samiusis a thermophile species most often recorded from pine forests. It also occurs in stream valleys with deciduous trees, suburban areas with maquis, pastures with shrubs or from dry hills in the coastal area. Nests are located under large stones. Workers are active usually at dawn and dusk.