The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands Wang, Xing Wang, Min Zolotuhin, Vadim V. Hirowatari, Toshiya Wu, Shipher Huang, Guo-Hua Zootaxa 2015 3989 1 1 138 7D686 Walker, 1855 Walker 1855 [193,565,351,376] Insecta Bombycidae Trilocha Animalia Lepidoptera 37 38 Arthropoda species varians    Naprepa variansWalker, 1855, Cat. Lep. Het. Br. M.5: 1153. TL: [ Ceylon] “ Ceylonand Hong Kong”. Syntype: male (BMNH) [examined].  Chazena  velataWalker, 1869, Char. Undescr. Het.: 21. TL: “Limas”.   Trilocha varians: Kirby, 1892, A synonymic catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera1: 718.   Ocinara velata: Hampson, [1893], Fauna Brit. India, Moths 1: 35.   Ocinara varians: Hampson, [1893], Fauna Brit. India: 35; Strand, 1922, inSeitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde: 437; Roepke, 1924, Tijdschr. Ent., 67: 170; Grünberg, 1911, inSeitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde2: 170; Chu & Wang, 1996, Fauna SinicaInsecta, 5: 38.   Diagnosis.This species is very similar to  T. friedeli, but can be distinguished by the following characters: forewing with a kidney-shaped spot in the discal cell; saccus basally constricted; aedeagus slightly bent near the apex; long processes on anterior margin of 8th sternite closer together  Specimens examined.[ TAIWAN] Taitung County: 1 male, 3 kmwest of Hungyeh village, 350 m, 5.XI.1996, 22˚28’N, 120˚52’E, T.Csovari & C.Szaboky leg. (MWM); 2 males, Chihpen Hot Springs, 400 m, 10–11.VI.1997, T.Herczig and L. Ronkay leg. (MWM); 1 male, 7 kmE of Taimali, 710 m, 11–12.VI.1997, 22˚41’N, 120˚56’E, T.Szaboky & I.Soos leg. (MWM); 1 male, 5 kmW Chipen, 350 m, 15–16.V.1997, M.Laszlo & G.Laszlo leg. (MWM); Hualien County: 1 male, 3 kmW Hua-Juan, 150 m, 2.VII.1996, T.Csorba & L.Nemeth leg. (MWM); Pingtung County: 1 male, Hengchun, 27.V.2000, Daniel Anstine leg. (TFRI); Yunlin County: 1 male, Douliu, 25.I.1992, Yi-Bin Fan leg. (TFRI); Taipei City (Taipei Botanic Garden): 1 male, 20.XI-1983, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, 20.II.1991, Yi-Bin Fan leg. (TFRI); 2 males, 28.XI.1963, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, 22.X.1964, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI); Hsinchu City: 4 males, 24.XII.1984, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI); [GUANGDONG] Guangzhou City: 1 male, campus of South ChinaAgricultural University, 9.V.2003, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (SCAU); 1 male, Baiyunshan Garden, 21.V.2004, larva collected and reared by Guo-Hua Huang, adult eclosed on June 14(SCAU); 1 male, campus of South ChinaAgricultural University, 1.XII.2005, Hai-Ying Ou fed. (SCAU); 5 males, campus of South ChinaAgricultural University, 3.V.2006, Jing Gong fed. (SCAU); Foshan City: 1 female, Foshan Garden, 23.VI.2003, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (SCAU); Qujiang County: 1 maleand 1 female, Qujiang Service Area, 23.VI.2003, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (SCAU); [GUANGXI] Jingxi County: 1 male, Renzhuang Village, 31.VII.2007, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (SCAU); [HAINAN] Wuzhishan City: 1 male, Mt. Atuoling, 23.X.2006, Min Wang, Zhen Li & Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU); 5 males, Wuzhishan Mts., 18˚53’N, 109˚43’E, 20.II–10.IV.2001, local collector leg. (MWM); Baisha County (Yinggeling National NR): 2 males, Daoyin Village, 4.XII.2005, Min Wang & Wei Xiong leg. (SCAU); Wenchang County (Bawangling National NR): 1 male, 25.V.2006, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (HUNAU); [YUNNAN] Mojiang County: 1 male, Tongguan Town, 29.XII.2006, Min Wang leg. (SCAU); Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture: 1 male, Puwen, 30 kmSSW Simao, 900 m, 16.III–10.IV.2000, 22˚30’N, 100˚02’E, Brechlin’s local collector leg. (MWM); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture: 1 male, 10 kmwest Yunxian/ Daxing, 120 kmwest of Dali city, Lincang district, 1200 m, 16.III–10.IV.2000, 24˚30’N, 100˚01’E, Brechlin’s local collector leg. (MWM).  Bionomics.The larvae feed on  Ficus caricaLinn., 1753,  Ficus microcarpaLinn., 1781,  Streblusspp. and  Artocarpus heterophyllusLam., 1789(all Moraceae). Adults are on the wing throughout the year in Taiwan(Plate 5B–5E) and Guangdong (Plate 5F). Lin (2005) recorded that young larvae are gray with large subdorsal black spots on A2, and a short fleshy curved horn on A8. Mature larvae were dull brown, mottled paler dorsally and dark brown laterally, and with a purplish-brown double dorsal hump on A2 and a similar but smaller one on A5 (Plate 5G). The cocoon is boat-shaped, closely woven with white or yellow, rather-papery silk (Plate 5H). The pupa is pale yellow and thinly chitinized (Holloway, 1987). The pupa of  T. variansis often parasitized by tachinid flies (Plate 6A–6D).   Distribution.Mainland China(Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), Taiwanand Hainan Islands, southern Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Nepal, Indiaincluding the Andaman islands, Sri Lanka.   Remarks.Holloway (1987) reported that this species was widely distributed in the Oriental Region. It is an important pest of ornamental plants (Huang et al., 2002; Rajavel & Shanthi, 2007), and so its biological characters and control have been the subject of several recent works (Ou et al., 2006; Hussain et al., 2009).