Octopus tetricus , Joll et al. 1976 , 1977 Octopus cf. tetricus , Roper 1997 Octopus aff. tetricus , Hart et al. 2019 Octopus djinda (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): a new member of the Octopus vulgaris group from southwest Australia Amor, Michael D. Hart, Anthony M. Zootaxa 2021 2021-11-03 5061 1 145 156 8VPT6 Amor Amor & Hart 2021 [151,414,1158,1185] Cephalopoda Octopodidae Octopus Animalia Octopoda 3 148 Mollusca species djinda sp. nov.  ( Figs. 2–3)    Octopus tetricus, Joll et al.1976, 1977, 1978; Roper et al.1984: 209; Kirkman et al.1991: 557; Stranks 1998: 541(in part); Guerra et al.2010: 1405(in part); Acosta-Jofre et al.2012(in part); Reid & Wilson 2015(in part); Greenwell et al.2019.   Octopuscf. tetricus, Roper 1997; Norman & Reid 2000; Finn et al.(2005); Guzik et al.2005; Norman & Hochberg 2005: 146; Amor et al.2014; Norman et al.2014: 58; Leporati & Hart 2015; Leporati et al. 2015; Hart et al.2016; Reid 2016: 396; Amor et al.2017; Sauer et al.2020; Somaweera & Somaweera 2021.   Octopusaff. tetricus, Hart et al.2019.   Type material.  Seventype specimens were designated, including at least one maleand one femalefrom each sampled locality which encompasses most of the species’ distribution. Other material examined (a further 7 malesand 11 females) are listed in Table 1( n= 25). Rawmorphological data are available in Tables S1–S4.   Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Esperance: Male, 138.6 mm ML( Fig. 3). Collected by M. Amor  10-Dec-2019 via non-baited trap,  7–9 mdepth. Esperance Bay(-33.84, 121.91) ( WAMS.89010).   Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Esperance:(i) Female, 163.4 mm ML. Collected by M. Amor  10-Dec-2019 via non-baited trap,  7–9 mdepth. Esperance Bay(-33.84, 121.91) ( WAMS.89009);  Mandurah:(ii) Male, 163.4 mm ML. Collected by M. Amor  12-Dec-2019 via baited trap,  22–25 mdepth(-32.77, 115.53) ( WAMS.89021); (iii) Male, 177.0 ML. Collected by M. Amor  12-Dec-2019 via baited trap,  22–25 mdepth(-32.75, 115.51) ( WAMS.89022); (iv) Female, 124.3 mm ML. Collected by M. Amor  12-Dec-2019 via baited trap,  22–25 mdepth(-32.78, 115.52) ( WAMS.89018);  Geraldton:(v) Male, 176.1 mm ML. Collected by M. Amor  2-Dec-2019 via baited trap,  16–30 mdepth(-28.83, 114.55) ( WAMS.89001); (vi) Female, 149.7 mm ML. Collected by M. Amor  2-Dec-2019 via baited trap,  16–30 mdepth(-28.92, 114.57) ( WAMS.89006).   Diagnosis.Medium to large ( 109–177 mmML), muscular species. Ocelli absent. Long arms taper to narrow tips between 347–745 mm; 3.7–6 times longer than ML. All arms equal width ( 12.5-32.1 mm). Males right arm III hectocoltylised; shorter than opposite arm (ALR3 84–97% ALL3). Well-defined spermatophore groove ends at base of small calamus. Calamus approximates 31–49% of ligula. Small ligula (LL 1–1.6% ALR3). Biserial sucker arrangement; 182–283 suckers on non-hectocotylised arms, 169–196 hectocotlised arm suckers. Between 1–13 enlarged suckers present in both sexes; between 10 thto 23 rdproximal suckers on II and III arm pairs.   Description.Based on 11 mature males and 14 sub-mature females. Mantle broad, oval shaped and saccular. Web depth 18–31% of longest arm, formula highly variable. Funnel tube shaped; free length 45–85% of total funnel length ( 39–66 mm). Funnel organ ‘W’ shaped. 9–10 lamellae per gill demibranch. Ink sac, anal flaps present. One large papilla above each eye, 2–3 additional smaller papillae adjacent. Typical  Octopusdigestive tract ( Fig. 4) comprising a large buccal mass connected to a pair of rounded anterior salivary glands. Posterior salivary glands curved and triangular. Narrow oesophagus leads to crop diverticulum then wide, triangular, stomach. Spiral caecum connected to large digestive glad; ink sac embedded within. Long intestine ending with muscular rectum, pair of anal flaps. Strong beak embedded within buccal mass ( Fig. 5A & 5B). Radula comprises rows of seven teeth, two marginal plates. Rhachidian tooth, 2–3 cusps migrating laterally, and asymmetrically over four rows. Pattern offset by two rows (WAM S89017; Fig. 5C). Spawned eggs 2.5 mmlong, 1 mmwide. Larvae planktonic. Mature male testis, large ( Fig. 6A), narrow vas deferens opens into a round mucilage gland, then long, curved spermatophore gland ( Fig 6B & 6C). Spermatophore sac connected, 32–111 spermatophores within. Spermatophores long (to 50 mm), and narrow ( 0.6–0.7 mm). Terminal organ 13–24% of ML. Diverticulum elongate, oval-shaped ( 5–14 mm). Ovaries to 28 g(sub-mature). Short proximal oviducts, lead to spherical oviductal glands and distal oviducts ( Fig. 6D).   FIGURE 3.Male  Octopus djinda, sp. nov.holotype specimen (WAM S.89010) from Esperance Bay, Australia. Scale, 30 mm. Rough skin texture, distinct patches. Live specimens display mottled colour pattern, vary in colour from oceanic (reddish-brown/orange) to estuarine habitats (green/brown tint). Characteristic orange colouration along arm edge; often displayed while denned. Colour muted by preservation.   Distribution.Shark Bay (northernmost distribution; approx. -25.51, 112.87) to Cape Le Grand (southeast; approx. -33.94, 122.55), Western Australia( Fig. 1). Depth to  80 m.Mean sea surface temperatures from ~25–17 ( Fig. S1; Huang et al.2017).   Etymology.  Octopus djinda, sp. nov, the star octopus, is distributed along the southwest coast of Australia. This distribution closely reflects the territory of the traditional custodians of this land, the Nyoongar people (‘a person of the southwest of Western Australia’). To recognise their connection to this land, a Nyoongar translation of ‘star’ (djinda), as described by Whitehurst (1997), was selected as a species name. This use of ‘star’ (luminous) reflects the shared recent ancestry with, and now-understood distinction from,  O. tetricus(Latin: gloomy octopus). Consultation with the Aboriginal community regarding the use of ‘djinda’ as a species name was undertaken via the Western Australian Museum’s Aboriginal Advisory Committee (WAMAAC). Initial documentation, including the above etymology statement, was presented to the committee on Friday July 2, 2021. Support was provided on July 14, 2021.   Remarks.Greater, and non-overlapping, sucker numbers on hectocotylised arm delimit  O. djinda, sp. nov.(169–196) from  O. tetricus(122–150; Amor et al.2017) and  O. sinensisd’Orbigny, 1841from Asia (119–152; Gleadall 2016), but not Kermadec Is. (178–185; Reid & Wilson, 2015). Disjunct distributions reflect species identity among  O. djinda,  O. tetricusand  O. sinensis, which form a monophyletic clade within the  O. vulgarisgroup ( Amor et al.2019). A 399 bp fragment of the COI gene was sequenced to complement visual identification. Sequence data from 16 individuals, that were of sufficient quality, were retained and represented a single haplotype. 349 bases overlapped with existing accessions for  O. tetricusand  O.cf. tetricus. 13 polymorphisms along 349 bp partial COI sequence (3.7% divergence) reliably distinguish  O. djinda, sp. nov.from  O. tetricus; interspecific variation nine times greater than intraspecific differences. Four characteristic large papillae form a diamond pattern on the dorsal mantle, typical for the  O. vulgarisspecies-group. Funnel organ was difficult to see in most specimens. 3400672302 ML Seven Male Raw 3 148 20 12 8 Holotype holotype 3400672303 2019-12-10 WAM, ML M. Amor Australia 8 Female Esperance Bay 3 148 1 Paratypes paratype 3400672308 2019-12-10 WAM, ML M. Amor Australia 8 Male Esperance Bay 3 148 1 Mandurah paratype 3400672306 2019-12-12 WAM, ML M. Amor Australia 24 Male 3 148 1 Mandurah paratype 3400672305 2019-12-12 WAM, ML M. Amor Australia 24 Female 3 148 1 Mandurah paratype 3400672307 2019-12-12 WAM, ML M. Amor Australia 24 Male 3 148 1 Geraldton paratype 3400672304 2019-12-02 WAM, ML M. Amor Australia 23 Female 3 148 1 Geraldton paratype 3400672301 2019-12-02 WAM Amor Australia 23 3 148 1 Geraldton paratype