Blyth, 1860 :172 Day, 1869 :551 Day, 1872 :186 Kottelat, 1990 :42 Nemacheilus zonalternans Day, 1869 :551 Day, 1889 :232 Sen, 1985 :119 Kottelat, 1990 :13 Grant, 2007 :3 Singer & Page, 2015 :396 A revision of the Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) species complex with descriptions of three new species Page, Lawrence M. Zootaxa 2017 2017-09-26 4324 1 85 107 (Blyth, 1860) Blyth 1860 [151,703,693,719] Actinopterygii Nemacheilidae Paracanthocobitis GBIF Animalia Cypriniformes 6 91 Chordata species zonalternans   Fig. 4     Cobitis zonalternans  Blyth, 1860:172. Type locality: Tenasserim provinces, Burma. Two syntypes (  Day, 1869:551;  Day, 1872:186), presumed lost ( Hora, 1929:319). Neotype, ZSM 27468, designated by  Kottelat, 1990:42, Huai Mae Charno, 4 kmsouth Amphoe Mae Ramat on road 1085 [approximately 16.967N, 98.567E], Tak Province, Salween drainage, Thailand.    Nemacheilus zonalternans.—  Day, 1869:551.     Nemachilus zonalternans.—  Day, 1889:232.    Noemacheilus zonalternans.—  Sen, 1985:119, fig. 63.    Acanthocobitis zonalternans.—  Kottelat, 1990:13.    Acanthocobitis (Paracanthocobitis) zonalternans.—  Grant, 2007:3.    Paracanthocobitis zonalternans.—  Singer & Page, 2015:396.   Diagnosis.  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansis distinguished from all other species of  Paracanthocobitisby combination of incomplete lateral line ending near dorsal-fin insertion; 9½–10½ branched dorsal-fin rays; axillary pelvic lobe present; series of black blotches, usually without black stripe but with faint dusky stripe, along side of body, usually ending near dorsal-fin insertion; circular black spot on upper margin of caudal-fin base; black pigment extending from lateral stripe onto pectoral-fin base; no marmorated pattern anterior to dorsal-fin origin; dorsal saddles short, rarely connecting to lateral blotches; 8 (occasionally 7) branched upper caudal-fin rays.   Description.Meristic and morphometric data are in Tables 4and 5. Body deepest just anterior to dorsal-fin origin; slightly compressed before dorsal fin, strongly compressed postdorsally. Head depressed, snout gently rounded to slightly pointed when viewed dorsally or laterally. Dorsal-fin origin far in front of pelvic-fin origin; distal margin convex. Pectoral fin 0.17–0.26 SL, not reaching pelvic fin; pelvic fin 0.16–0.22 SL, not reaching anal fin; caudal fin emarginate. Lateral line incomplete, reaching at most to dorsal-fin insertion; 19–50 pores. Axillary pelvic lobe present. Mouth arched with heavily papillated lips; upper lip with 3–5 rows of papillae, continuous with large pads on lower lip. Three pairs of barbels; inner rostral barbel extends to or slightly past base of maxillary barbel, maxillary barbel and outer rostral barbel extend to or slightly past eye. Body covered with scales; 9½ ( 12 specimens)–10½ ( 43 specimens) branched dorsal-fin rays; 9–12, usually 10, pectoral-fin rays; 6 pelvic-fin rays; 5½ branched anal-fin rays; 8 (occasionally 7) branched upper caudal-fin rays; 8 branched lower caudal-fin rays. Suborbital flap in male. Maximum SL 41.8 mmfemale. Body yellow-brown with 10–15 dark brown to black blotches along lateral line sometimes overlain with faint dusky stripe usually ending near dorsal-fin insertion; 14–18 small dark brown dorsal saddles. Dark spots and blotches on head; uninterrupted black bar from eye to tip of snout. Ocellus with black center near upper margin of caudal peduncle; 3–6 concentric rows of dark spots in dorsal fin, 2–3 rows of dark spots in anal fin, 4–6 dark bands on caudal fin. Dusky lateral stripe extending onto pectoral-fin origin.   TABLE 4.Μorphometric đata for species of the  P. zonalternanscomplex. Numbers in parentheses numbers of specimens. pecies  P. zonalternansx¯± D  P. phuketensisx¯± D  P. marmoratax¯± D  P. triangulax¯± D  P. nigrolineatax¯± D (n=55) (n=55) (n=4) (n=11) (n=79) tanđarđ lenǥth 20.5,41.8 17.1,³³.³ 28.2,³³.9 24.6,29.2 21.5,42.4 L Comparisons.  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansdiffers from all other species of  Paracanthocobitisexcept  P. phuketensis, P. nigrolineata,  P. triangula, and  P. marmoratain having an incomplete lateral line ending near the dorsal-fin insertion (vs. lateral line to the end of the caudal peduncle) and 9½–10½ (vs.>10½) branched dorsal-fin rays.  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansis most similar morphologically to  P. nigrolineatabut differs in having a series of black blotches, usually black stripe along the side of the body absent or dusky and ending near the dorsalfin insertion (vs. having a series of black blotches overlain by a black stripe ending near the caudal fin), and sometimes having 7 (vs. always 8) upper branched caudal-fin rays.  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansdiffers from  P. phuketensisin having black pigment extending from a black lateral stripe onto the pectoral-fin base, an axillary pelvic lobe (vs. lobe usually absent, occasionally rudimentary) and in having short (not extending ventrally to dorsal stripe) dorsal saddles in the majority of specimens that rarely connect to lateral blotches (vs. dorsal saddles longer than interspaces, frequently connecting to lateral blotches).  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansdiffers from  P. triangulain having a circular (vs. triangular) black spot on the upper margin of the caudal-fin base and in having black pigment extending from the black blotches along the side of the body onto the pectoral-fin base.  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansdiffers from  P. marmoratain having an axillary pelvic lobe and a circular (vs. teardrop shaped) black spot on the upper margin of the caudal-fin base and in not having a marmorated pattern between the dorsal saddles and lateral blotches.   Distribution.  Paracanthocobitis zonalternansis known from the Salween River drainage in Thailandand Myanmar( Fig. 5).     Material Examined. Thailand: Salweendrainage: CAS 35775, 6, 23.5–42.6mm, Nam Mesarieng, near Mesarieng( Mae Sariang), northern Thailand, 18.151N, 97.934E;  CAS 35776, 2, 41.3–41.8mm, same locality as CAS35775;  CAS 36042, 2, 38.8–40.8mm, same locality as CAS35775;  FMNH 124763, 4, 19.6–27.7mm, Nam Mae Yuan River, rte. 108, 103 kmN of Mae Sariang, 18.807N, 97.931E;  FMNH 124764, 1,  29.1mm, Mae Samat River, rte. 108, 15 km S of Mae Hong Son,  19.189N, 97.984E; NIFI0 0 874, 14, 28.0– 32.5 mm, Tak Province, Huai Mae Kamui, Amphoe Tha Song Yang, 17.230N, 98.229E; NIFI 6393, 1,  35.7mm,  Mae Hong SonProvince,  Mae Sanga River, 18.238N, 97.961E; ROM 51139, 5, 23–31.9mm, Tak Province, N of Mae Charao, 16.967N, 98.567E; UF 188197, 7, 20.5–29.5 mm,  Mae Hong SonProvince,  Khun Yuam County, Pai Rivernear SurinRiver, approx.  1.5 kmN of Ban Mae Surinon rte. 108, 18.928N, 97.937E; UF 188198, 12, 23.3–35.7 mm, Tak Province, Amphoe Tha Song Yang, Moei River at rte. 105, approx.  7 kmSE of Nam Tha Song Yang, 17.516N, 97.966E;  USNM 288452, 26(10 ex.) 33.5–42.4 mm,  Mae Hong SonProvince, mountain stream, 5 kmW of Mae Sariang, 18.191N, 97.878E;  ZRC 41258, 8, 26.5–36.6mm, Tak Province, Mae Nam Moi, Sof Phop Phra, 16.290N, 98.706E;  ZSM27468, neotypeof  Cobitis zonalternans, 33.1 mm, Huay Me Charno,  4 kmS of Amphoe Mae Romaton road 1085. 1656006101 CAS Material Examined. Thailand & Salween & Nam Mesarieng & Mesarieng & Mae Sariang Thailand 18.151 northern Thailand 76 97.934 9 94 CAS 35775, 6, 23.5-42.6 1 1656006104 CAS Material Examined. Thailand & Salween & Nam Mesarieng & Mesarieng & Mae Sariang Thailand 18.151 northern Thailand 76 97.934 9 94 CAS 35776, 2, 41.3-41.8 1 1656006113 [299,976,692,717] CAS Material Examined. Thailand & Salween & Nam Mesarieng & Mesarieng & Mae Sariang Thailand 18.151 northern Thailand 76 97.934 9 94 CAS 36042, 2, 38.8-40.8 1 1656006116 FMNH Thailand 18.807 Mae Sariang 76 97.931 Nam Mae Yuan River 9 94 FMNH 124763, 4, 19.6-27.7 1 1656006119 FMNH Thailand Mae Samat River 9 94 FMNH 124764, 1, 29.1 1 Mae Hong Son 1656006095 [638,1371,764,789] NIFI Thailand 19.189 Tak Province 76 97.984 9 94 1 Tak Province 1656006114 NIFI Thailand 17.23 Mae Hong Son Province 76 98.229 9 94 NIFI 6393, 1, 35.7 1 Mae Hong Son Province 1656006109 ROM Thailand 18.238 Mae Sanga River 76 97.961 9 94 ROM 51139, 5, 23-31.9 1 Tak Province 1656006118 Mae Charao Thailand 16.967 Mae Hong Son Province 76 98.567 9 94 1 Mae Hong Son Province 1656006125 [796,1432,871,896] Thailand Khun Yuam County Pai River 9 94 1 Surin 1656006131 [151,810,908,933] Thailand 18.928 Surin 76 97.937 9 94 1 Surin 1656006130 Thailand 17.516 7 km SE of Nam Tha Song Yang 76 97.966 9 94 1 Tak Province 1656006124 USNM Thailand 18.191 Mae Sariang 76 97.878 9 94 USNM 288452, 26 1 Mae Hong Son Province 1656006121 [261,1366,1015,1040] ZRC Mae Nam Moi, S & Phop Phra Thailand 16.29 Tak Province 76 98.706 9 94 ZRC 41258, 8, 26.5-36.6 1 Tak Province 1656006127 ZSM Huay Me Charno Thailand 4 km S of Amphoe Mae Romat 9 94 1 Tak Province neotype