Mantis hyaloptera Perty, 1832 Mantis pavonina Burmeister, 1838 Mantis luna Audinet Serville, 1839 Stagmatoptera hyaloptera , Saussure, 1869 Stagmatoptera pavonina , Saussure, 1871a Chlidonoptera pavonina , Kirby, 1904 Stagmatoptera luna , Kirby, 1904 Stagmatoptera biocellata Saussure, 1869 in Werner, 1925a Taxonomic revision of Stagmatoptera Burmeister, 1838 (Mantodea: Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae) Rodrigues, Henrique Miranda Cancello, Eliana Marques Zootaxa 2016 4183 1 1 78 4ZGR5 Perty, 1832 Perty 1832 [151,627,1658,1684] Insecta Mantidae Stagmatoptera Animalia Mantodea 28 29 Arthropoda species hyaloptera    Mantis hyaloptera Perty, 1832, p.117, t.23, f.6 (descr.).  =  Mantis pavonina Burmeister, 1838, p.540 (descr).  =  Mantis luna Audinet Serville, 1839, p.183 (descr.); De Haan, 1842, p.74 (cit.).   Stagmatoptera hyaloptera, Saussure, 1869, p.67 (cit.); Saussure, 1870, p.231 (cit.); Saussure, 1871b, p.95, t.1, f.12 (redesc.); Saussure, 1872, p.257 (cit.); Stål, 1877, p.72 (redesc.); Westwood, 1889, p.16 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1897, p.15; Kirby, 1904, p.299 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.12 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p.34 (redesc.); Giglio-Tos, 1927, p.599 (redesc.); Terra, 1995, p.64 (cit.); Ehrmann, 1999, p.12 (redesc.); Ehrmann, 2002, p.328 (cit.); Agudelo et al., 2007, p.125 (cit.); Ehrmann & Koçak, 2009, p.12 (cit.).  =  Stagmatoptera pavonina, Saussure, 1871a, p.212 (redesc.); Ehrmann, 1999, p.12 (syn.). =  Chlidonoptera pavonina, Kirby, 1904, p. 292 (cit.)  =  Stagmatoptera luna, Kirby, 1904, p.300 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.12 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p.34 (syn.).  Stagmatoptera biocellata Saussure, 1869in Werner, 1925a, p.167—misidentification (redesc).   Type: unknown (see “Remarks”).    Typelocality. Amazon River, Brazil.  Synonym types: Holotype of  S. luna, 1♂, Cordoba (not examined).   Diagnosis.Smaller size, spot on stigma circular ( Fig. 28).   Redescription. Male—Prothorax slender, lateral margins slightly crenulated on the prozona, smooth on the metazona. Metazona with a weakly marked central keel ( Fig. 5F). Forecoxae with 7–11 large spines, which alternate with 0–8 smaller spines ( Fig. 7F). Forefemora broad, the first three discoidal spines dark on their anterior surface; 14–17 anteroventral spines, usually 15, all the spines black only at the tips. Anterior femoral spot absent or, if present, extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, rectangular, an effaced black color or an effaced green color ( Fig. 9F). Foretibiae with 9–13 posteroventral spines, usually 11, and 14–18 anteroventral spines, usually 15 or 16; tibial spur green on its anterior surface ( Fig. 11F). Foretarsi with apical black spots on the anterior surface of the tarsomeres I to IV. Discoidal area of forewings with an opaque-green stripe anteriorly that surrounds the stigma spot, gradually becoming hyaline. Spot on the stigma circular, medium sized, reaching the middle of the discoidal area, with an anterior white spot surrounded by a brown spot, and in the center a small semi-hyaline spot. Discoidal area of the hindwings hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins and anal area completely hyaline or hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins on the first half ( Fig. 29A).   FIGURE 22.  Stagmatopteraspp., dorsal view of genital chamber floor (females). A,  Stagmatoptera binotata; B,  S. diana  sp. n.; C,  S. biocellata; D,  S. femoralis; E,  S. hyaloptera. Abbreviations: gs, sclerite on the dorsal wall of genital papilla; ls, laterosternal shelf.   FIGURE 23.  Stagmatoptera biocellatadorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm.  Genitalia. Left phallomere longer than wide; sclerite L4B as long as wide; paaelongated, slightly dilated on the left side of its base, angled approximately 30° from the body axis, afterwards curving to the left, apex simple, directed ventrally ( Fig. 42A); pdashort, broad, flattened, sharply bent 90° to the right, compressed in two places, one after the bent, the other at the base of the apex, the latter strongly sclerotized and tapered ( Fig. 45A); afaelongated, parallel to the body axis ( Fig. 43A), right margin rugous and slightly sinuous ( Fig. 44A), posterior apex tumid with a projection on the right margin, rugged and sclerotized, anterior apex straight, margins very sclerotized and tumid forming a groove ( Fig. 43A); loashort, bent to the right ( Fig. 43A); membrane adjacent to afaglabrous ( Fig. 43A). Right phallomere with the posterior apex rounded; bmshort, a gentle expansion on the middle ( Fig. 46A);  piashort, sclerotized ( Fig. 47A–48A); pvaelongated, strongly sclerotized, rectangular apex ( Fig. 48A); anelongated, apex abruptly rounded ( Fig. 47A).  Measurements. Body length: 49.8–64.7; head width: 6–7.3; prozona length: 3.4–4.6; metazona length: 12.9–17.8; prothorax width: 3.7–4.9; forecoxae length: 8.9–12; forefemora length: 10.7–14.6; forefemora width: 2.2–3; foretibiae length: 5.7–7.8.  Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.34–1.67; metazona/prozona: 3.32–4.28; metazona length/prothoracic width: 3.19–3.79; metazona/forecoxae: 1.33–1.57; forefemora length/width: 4.52–5.48.   FIGURE 24.  Stagmatoptera biocellata, female holotype of. Not to scale.   FIGURE 25.  Stagmatoptera cerdai  sp. n.dorsal habitusof male. Scale bar = 10mm.   FIGURE 26.  Stagmatoptera diana  sp. n.dorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm.  Female—Prothorax slender, lateral margins slightly crenulated. Metazona with a weakly marked central keel ( Fig. 6E). Forecoxae with 8–13 large spines, which alternate with 1–10 smaller spines ( Fig. 8E). Forefemora broad, the first three discoidal spines dark on their anterior surface; 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15, all the spines black only at the tips. Anterior femoral spot absent ( Fig. 10E) or, if present, extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, rectangular, an effaced black color or an effaced green color. Foretibiae with 10–13 posteroventral spines, usually 11, and 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur green on its anterior surface ( Fig. 12E). Foretarsi with apical black spots on the anterior surface of tarsomeres I to IV. Spot on the stigma circular, medium sized, without reaching the middle of the discoidal area, with an anterior white spot surrounded by a brown spot, and in the center a small semi-hyaline spot. Costal area of the hindwings hyaline, discoidal and anal areas hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins ( Fig. 29B).   FIGURE 27.  Stagmatoptera femoralisdorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm.   FIGURE 28.  Stagmatoptera femoralis, female syntype. Not to scale.  Genitalia. Base of the gonapophysis VIII projecting inwards ( Fig. 20E); bvroughly triangular ( Fig. 20E), the inner surface sculpted ( Fig. 21E); ibsclerotized and sculpted ( Fig. 21E); peshort, weakly sclerotized, with irregular margins ( Fig. 21E); gsweakly sclerotized, smooth ( Fig. 22E); lsroughly rectangular, posterior process elongated, conical ( Fig. 22E).  Measurements. Body length: 56.4–79.3; head width: 7.3–9.4; prozona length: 4.7–6; metazona length: 15.9–22.7; prothorax width: 5.5–7.6; forecoxae length: 12.5–17.1; forefemora length: 15–20; forefemora width: 3.3–4.4; foretibiae length: 7.7–10.3.  Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.17–1.38; metazona/prozona: 3.23–3.78; metazona length/prothoracic width: 2.66–3.1; metazona/forecoxae: 1.21–1.38; forefemora length/width: 4.33–4.77.   Remarks. Perty (1832)described  Stagmatoptera hyalopterabased on a specimen he claimed to be from the “Amazon River”. However, almost all material analyzed for this study attributable to  S. hyalopterawere collected outside the Amazon rainforest, except for two specimens that may come from  French Guiana, thus making the typelocality somewhat disconnected from the geographical distribution observed in this species. Burmeister (1838)described  Mantis( Stagmatoptera) pavoninabased on specimens presumably from Africa; later, Kirby (1904)transferred this species to the African genus  Chlidonoptera. Ehrmann (1999)studied Burmeister’s specimens and concluded that they were in fact  Stagmatoptera hyalopterawith incorrect locality labels, conclusion we corroborated after examining the same specimens. This is one of the most widespread species of  Stagmatoptera, occurring from northern Argentinato northeastern Brazilwhere it is found in plant formations such as Cerrado and Pampas. We are including the record from  French Guiana, noting that it likely resulted from mislabeled specimens.  Baehr (1983)designated a specimen housed at the ZSM as the lectotypeof  Stagmatoptera hyaloptera. Baehr (1983)assumed that this was the undesignated specimen Perty (1832)originally used to described  S. hyalopteraafter stating that it had a similarly positioned pin, and lables with the same hand writing, as the lectotypeof  Acontista concinna, another species described in the same publication ( Perty, 1832). We find Baehr’s justification unconvincing because other reasons behind such coincidences cannot be ruled out, such as subsequent re-labeling and/or re-pining. Therefore, we here void Baehr’s (1983) procedure in agreement with ICZN art. 74.2 (ICZN, 1999; http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp).   Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil( Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo, Tocantins),  French Guiana[?],  Paraguay.     Examinedmaterial. ARGENTINA: 1♂( ZSM).   Chacode Santa Fé, Las Garzas, bords du Rio Las Garzas, 25 Km Od'Ocampo, 1903, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN).  Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, env. d'Icaño, 1904, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN).  Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, env. d'Icaño, 1910, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN).  Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, la Palisadel Bracho, 20 KmNNO d'Icaño, Laguna Mamaíta, 1904, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN).  Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, la Palisadel Bracho, 25 Km NOd'Icaño,  xii.1909, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN).  Env. d’Icaño, bords du Rio Salado, Santiago del Estero, 1909, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN).  Jujui,  iii.1958, Martinez& Pereiracol., 1♂( MZSP).  Eldorado, Misiones,  08.ii.1969, 1♂( MHNG).  Eldorado, Misiones,  09.ii.1969, achat Bâle1971, 1♂( MHNG).  Eldorado, Misiones,  13.ii.1969, achat Bâle1971, 1♂( MHNG).  Mina Clavero, Córdoba,  01.iii.2005, Dr. Forest, 1♂( MNHN).  Rosário, Santa Fé, Hubrist S.V., 1♂( ZMB).  San Ignacio, Huat-Parana, Misiones, i.sem ano, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN).  Tapia, Tucuman, iii-iv.1903, G.A. Baer, 1♂( MNHN).  Tucuman, 1♀ 1♂( ZSM).  40kmO de Salavina, Santiago del Estero, 1909, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN).  Tucuman,  i.1928, Schreiter.leg. F. Nosswitz, 1♀( ZSM). Vila Lutecia, env. de San Ignacio, Missiones, 1910, E.R. Wagner, 1♂ (MNHN).   BOLIVIA:  El Carmen,  26-28.ii.1958, Laurocol., 1♀( MZSP). Sara, Steinbach S.V., 2♀ (ZMB).   BRAZIL: 1♂, ( ZSM); Mato Grosso—MT, 1♀ (ZMB);  Mato Grossodo Sul—Salobra,  iii.1940, Com. Inst. O.Cruz, 1♂( MZSP);  Paraíba—Corema,  vi.1957, Exp. Dept. Zoologia, 2♂( MZSP);  Paraná—Rolândia, Dirings,  i.1954, 1♂ ( MZSP);  Pernambuco—Afrânio, 08°31’53”S 41°02’59”W,  550m,  16.v.2007, J.A. Rafael& F.F. XavierFº, 2♂( INPA);  Rio Grande do Sul—Bom Jesus,  17.iii.1980, L. Jantschleg., 1♂, 0 531 ( MCTP). Pelotas, 1980, Cavero, 1♀, 0 926 (MCTP).  Porto Alegre,  12.ii.1982, C.C. Morateleg., 1♂, 0 365 ( MCTP).  Porto Alegre,  05.v.1982, N. Andrade, 1♂, 0 727 ( MCTP).  Santo Cristo,  26.ii.1981, A. Heckleg., 1♀, 0 287 ( MCTP).  São Borja,  10.iv.1982, L. Ramosleg, 1♀, 0 323 ( MCTP).  São Sepé,  13.iii.1986, C.M. Souto, 1♂, 1226 ( MCTP).  Sta. C.do Sul,  12.iii.1980, L. Jantschleg., 1♂, 0 471 ( MCTP).  Uruguaiana,  08.ii.1989, S.M. Piment, 1♀, 1339 ( MCTP);  São Paulo—Andes,  ii.1955, M. Carrera, 2♂( MZSP).  Catanduva,  i.1956, O.P. Silva, 1♀( MZSP).  IlhaSeca,  18-26.ii.1940, Com. I. O.Cruz, 1♂( MZSP);  Tocantins—Pindorama, Rio Balsas,  340m, 11°01’04”S 47°29’08”W,  28.iii.2008, J.A. Rafael& F.F. XavierFº, 2♂( INPA).   FRENCH GUIANA: Herr, 1♀ 1♂( MHNG).   PARAGUAY: Écoleagricole, Santa Rosadel Araguay,  200m, 23°46'47"S56°32'46”""W,  San Pedro,  24.i.2001, H.- P. Aberlenc& P. Silvieleg., 1♂( MNHN). Vila Rica, G. Schauer, 1♂ (ZMB).  Vila Rica,  iii.1934, M. Holtz, 1♂( ZMB). 1324557790 [199,617,1828,1853] Brazil Amazon River 30 31 1 holotype 1324557787 [199,748,1830,1855] ZSM Examined Argentina ARGENTINA 36 37 1 1 1324557776 MNHN Las Garzas & du Rio Las Garzas & Km O & E. R. Wagner Argentina Rio Las Garzas 36 37 1 1 Chaco de Santa Fe 1324557794 MNHN du Rio Salado & d'Icano & E. R. Wagner Argentina Rio Salado 36 37 1 1 Chaco 1324557779 MNHN du Rio Salado & d'Icano & E. R. Wagner Argentina Rio Salado 36 37 1 1 Chaco 1324557785 MNHN du Rio Salado & la Palisa & Bracho & Km & d'Icano & Laguna Mamaita & E. R. Wagner Argentina Rio Salado 36 37 1 1 Chaco 1324557784 1909-12 MNHN du Rio Salado & la Palisa & Km NO & E. R. Wagner Argentina Bracho Rio Salado 36 37 1 1 Chaco 1324557773 MNHN Env. d'Icano & du Rio Salado & E. R. Wagner Argentina 37 38 Rio Salado 36 37 1 1 Santiago del Estero 1324557788 [811,1432,151,176] 1958-03 MZSP Martinez & Pereira Argentina Jujui 37 38 1 1 Santiago del Estero 1324557786 [151,680,188,213] 1969-02-08 MHNG Argentina Eldorado 37 38 1 1 Misiones 1324557774 [695,1433,188,213] 1969-02-09 MHNG Bale Argentina Eldorado 37 38 1 1 Misiones 1324557792 [151,853,223,248] 1969-02-13 MHNG Bale Argentina Eldorado 37 38 1 1 Misiones 1324557782 2005-03-01 MNHN Argentina Dr. Forest 37 38 1 1 Cordoba 1324557780 [275,797,260,285] ZMB Rosario & Hubrist S. V. Argentina Santa Fe 37 38 1 1 Santa Fe 1324557771 MNHN San Ignacio & Huat-Parana & E. R. Wagner Argentina Misiones 37 38 1 1 Misiones 1324557781 [410,1009,295,320] MNHN Tapia & G. A. Baer Argentina Tucuman 37 38 1 1 Tucuman 1324557772 [1019,1301,296,320] ZSM Argentina Tucuman 37 38 2 1 1 Tucuman 1324557778 MNHN E. R. Wagner Argentina Salavina 37 38 1 1 Santiago del Estero 1324557775 1928-01 ZSM Schreiter. Argentina Tucuman 37 38 1 1 Tucuman 1324557783 1958-02-26 1958-02-28 1958-02-26 MZSP El Carmen & Lauro Bolivia El Carmen 37 38 1 1 1324557777 [1081,1354,404,429] ZSM Brazil BRAZIL 37 38 1 1 1324557789 [486,1432,439,464] 1940-03 MZSP Com. Inst. O. Brazil Mato Grosso 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557791 [151,864,476,501] 1957-06 MZSP Exp. Dept. Zoologia Brazil Paraiba-Corema 37 38 2 2 Mato Grosso 1324557795 [879,1432,476,501] 1954-01-01 MZSP Brazil Dirings Parana-Rolandia 37 38 1 Mato Grosso 1324557793 [151,1384,511,536] 2007-05-16 INPA J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier Brazil 550 -8.531388 Pernambuco-Afranio 21 -41.04972 37 38 2 2 Mato Grosso 1324557805 1980-03-17 MCTP L. Jantsch Brazil Rio Grande do Sul-Bom Jesus 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557799 [259,957,583,608] 1982-02-12 MCTP C. C. Morate Brazil Porto Alegre 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557812 1982-05-05 MCTP N. Andrade Brazil Porto Alegre 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557796 [322,965,620,645] 1981-02-26 MCTP A. Heck Brazil Santo Cristo 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557813 1982-04-10 MCTP L. Ramos Brazil Sao Borja 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557801 [325,942,655,680] 1986-03-13 MCTP C. M. Souto Brazil Sao Sepe 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557803 1980-03-12 MCTP Sta. C. & L. Jantsch Brazil Sul 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557817 [386,1054,692,717] 1989-02-08 MCTP S. M. Piment Brazil Uruguaiana 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557806 1955-02 MZSP M. Carrera Brazil Sao Paulo-Andes 37 38 2 2 Mato Grosso 1324557804 [403,896,727,752] 1956-01 MZSP O. P. Silva Brazil Catanduva 37 38 1 1 Mato Grosso 1324557810 1940-02-18 1940-02-26 1940-02-18 MZSP Com. I. O. Iceland Ilha 37 38 1 1 1324557811 2008-03-28 INPA J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier Iceland 340 -11.017777 Rio Balsas 21 -47.485558 Tocantins-Pindorama 37 38 2 2 1324557807 [409,918,799,824] MHNG Herr French Guiana FRENCH GUIANA 37 38 2 1 1 1324557820 Paraguay Ecole 200 -23.779722 Araguay Santa Rosa 37 38 1 1324557819 [655,1433,836,861] 2001-01-24 MNHN P. Aberlenc & P. Silvie Saint Pierre and Miquelon San Pedro 37 38 1 1 1324557802 [539,998,871,896] 1934-03 ZMB M. Holtz Saint Pierre and Miquelon Vila Rica 37 38 1 1