Mantis hyaloptera Perty, 1832
Mantis pavonina Burmeister, 1838
Mantis luna Audinet Serville, 1839
Stagmatoptera hyaloptera , Saussure, 1869
Stagmatoptera pavonina , Saussure, 1871a
Chlidonoptera pavonina , Kirby, 1904
Stagmatoptera luna , Kirby, 1904
Stagmatoptera biocellata Saussure, 1869 in Werner, 1925a
Taxonomic revision of Stagmatoptera Burmeister, 1838 (Mantodea: Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae)
Rodrigues, Henrique Miranda
Cancello, Eliana Marques
Zootaxa
2016
4183
1
1
78
4ZGR5
Perty, 1832
Perty
1832
[151,627,1658,1684]
Insecta
Mantidae
Stagmatoptera
Animalia
Mantodea
28
29
Arthropoda
species
hyaloptera
Mantis hyaloptera Perty, 1832, p.117, t.23, f.6 (descr.). = Mantis pavonina Burmeister, 1838, p.540 (descr). = Mantis luna Audinet Serville, 1839, p.183 (descr.); De Haan, 1842, p.74 (cit.). Stagmatoptera hyaloptera, Saussure, 1869, p.67 (cit.); Saussure, 1870, p.231 (cit.); Saussure, 1871b, p.95, t.1, f.12 (redesc.); Saussure, 1872, p.257 (cit.); Stål, 1877, p.72 (redesc.); Westwood, 1889, p.16 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1897, p.15; Kirby, 1904, p.299 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.12 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p.34 (redesc.); Giglio-Tos, 1927, p.599 (redesc.); Terra, 1995, p.64 (cit.); Ehrmann, 1999, p.12 (redesc.); Ehrmann, 2002, p.328 (cit.); Agudelo et al., 2007, p.125 (cit.); Ehrmann & Koçak, 2009, p.12 (cit.). = Stagmatoptera pavonina, Saussure, 1871a, p.212 (redesc.); Ehrmann, 1999, p.12 (syn.). = Chlidonoptera pavonina, Kirby, 1904, p. 292 (cit.) = Stagmatoptera luna, Kirby, 1904, p.300 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.12 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p.34 (syn.). Stagmatoptera biocellata Saussure, 1869in Werner, 1925a, p.167—misidentification (redesc).
Type: unknown (see “Remarks”). Typelocality. Amazon River, Brazil. Synonym types: Holotype of S. luna, 1♂, Cordoba (not examined).
Diagnosis.Smaller size, spot on stigma circular ( Fig. 28).
Redescription. Male—Prothorax slender, lateral margins slightly crenulated on the prozona, smooth on the metazona. Metazona with a weakly marked central keel ( Fig. 5F). Forecoxae with 7–11 large spines, which alternate with 0–8 smaller spines ( Fig. 7F). Forefemora broad, the first three discoidal spines dark on their anterior surface; 14–17 anteroventral spines, usually 15, all the spines black only at the tips. Anterior femoral spot absent or, if present, extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, rectangular, an effaced black color or an effaced green color ( Fig. 9F). Foretibiae with 9–13 posteroventral spines, usually 11, and 14–18 anteroventral spines, usually 15 or 16; tibial spur green on its anterior surface ( Fig. 11F). Foretarsi with apical black spots on the anterior surface of the tarsomeres I to IV. Discoidal area of forewings with an opaque-green stripe anteriorly that surrounds the stigma spot, gradually becoming hyaline. Spot on the stigma circular, medium sized, reaching the middle of the discoidal area, with an anterior white spot surrounded by a brown spot, and in the center a small semi-hyaline spot. Discoidal area of the hindwings hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins and anal area completely hyaline or hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins on the first half ( Fig. 29A). FIGURE 22. Stagmatopteraspp., dorsal view of genital chamber floor (females). A, Stagmatoptera binotata; B, S. diana sp. n.; C, S. biocellata; D, S. femoralis; E, S. hyaloptera. Abbreviations: gs, sclerite on the dorsal wall of genital papilla; ls, laterosternal shelf. FIGURE 23. Stagmatoptera biocellatadorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm. Genitalia. Left phallomere longer than wide; sclerite L4B as long as wide; paaelongated, slightly dilated on the left side of its base, angled approximately 30° from the body axis, afterwards curving to the left, apex simple, directed ventrally ( Fig. 42A); pdashort, broad, flattened, sharply bent 90° to the right, compressed in two places, one after the bent, the other at the base of the apex, the latter strongly sclerotized and tapered ( Fig. 45A); afaelongated, parallel to the body axis ( Fig. 43A), right margin rugous and slightly sinuous ( Fig. 44A), posterior apex tumid with a projection on the right margin, rugged and sclerotized, anterior apex straight, margins very sclerotized and tumid forming a groove ( Fig. 43A); loashort, bent to the right ( Fig. 43A); membrane adjacent to afaglabrous ( Fig. 43A). Right phallomere with the posterior apex rounded; bmshort, a gentle expansion on the middle ( Fig. 46A); piashort, sclerotized ( Fig. 47A–48A); pvaelongated, strongly sclerotized, rectangular apex ( Fig. 48A); anelongated, apex abruptly rounded ( Fig. 47A). Measurements. Body length: 49.8–64.7; head width: 6–7.3; prozona length: 3.4–4.6; metazona length: 12.9–17.8; prothorax width: 3.7–4.9; forecoxae length: 8.9–12; forefemora length: 10.7–14.6; forefemora width: 2.2–3; foretibiae length: 5.7–7.8. Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.34–1.67; metazona/prozona: 3.32–4.28; metazona length/prothoracic width: 3.19–3.79; metazona/forecoxae: 1.33–1.57; forefemora length/width: 4.52–5.48. FIGURE 24. Stagmatoptera biocellata, female holotype of. Not to scale. FIGURE 25. Stagmatoptera cerdai sp. n.dorsal habitusof male. Scale bar = 10mm. FIGURE 26. Stagmatoptera diana sp. n.dorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm. Female—Prothorax slender, lateral margins slightly crenulated. Metazona with a weakly marked central keel ( Fig. 6E). Forecoxae with 8–13 large spines, which alternate with 1–10 smaller spines ( Fig. 8E). Forefemora broad, the first three discoidal spines dark on their anterior surface; 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15, all the spines black only at the tips. Anterior femoral spot absent ( Fig. 10E) or, if present, extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, rectangular, an effaced black color or an effaced green color. Foretibiae with 10–13 posteroventral spines, usually 11, and 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur green on its anterior surface ( Fig. 12E). Foretarsi with apical black spots on the anterior surface of tarsomeres I to IV. Spot on the stigma circular, medium sized, without reaching the middle of the discoidal area, with an anterior white spot surrounded by a brown spot, and in the center a small semi-hyaline spot. Costal area of the hindwings hyaline, discoidal and anal areas hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins ( Fig. 29B). FIGURE 27. Stagmatoptera femoralisdorsal habitus. A, male; B, female. Scale bar = 10mm. FIGURE 28. Stagmatoptera femoralis, female syntype. Not to scale. Genitalia. Base of the gonapophysis VIII projecting inwards ( Fig. 20E); bvroughly triangular ( Fig. 20E), the inner surface sculpted ( Fig. 21E); ibsclerotized and sculpted ( Fig. 21E); peshort, weakly sclerotized, with irregular margins ( Fig. 21E); gsweakly sclerotized, smooth ( Fig. 22E); lsroughly rectangular, posterior process elongated, conical ( Fig. 22E). Measurements. Body length: 56.4–79.3; head width: 7.3–9.4; prozona length: 4.7–6; metazona length: 15.9–22.7; prothorax width: 5.5–7.6; forecoxae length: 12.5–17.1; forefemora length: 15–20; forefemora width: 3.3–4.4; foretibiae length: 7.7–10.3. Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.17–1.38; metazona/prozona: 3.23–3.78; metazona length/prothoracic width: 2.66–3.1; metazona/forecoxae: 1.21–1.38; forefemora length/width: 4.33–4.77.
Remarks. Perty (1832)described Stagmatoptera hyalopterabased on a specimen he claimed to be from the “Amazon River”. However, almost all material analyzed for this study attributable to S. hyalopterawere collected outside the Amazon rainforest, except for two specimens that may come from French Guiana, thus making the typelocality somewhat disconnected from the geographical distribution observed in this species. Burmeister (1838)described Mantis( Stagmatoptera) pavoninabased on specimens presumably from Africa; later, Kirby (1904)transferred this species to the African genus Chlidonoptera. Ehrmann (1999)studied Burmeister’s specimens and concluded that they were in fact Stagmatoptera hyalopterawith incorrect locality labels, conclusion we corroborated after examining the same specimens. This is one of the most widespread species of Stagmatoptera, occurring from northern Argentinato northeastern Brazilwhere it is found in plant formations such as Cerrado and Pampas. We are including the record from French Guiana, noting that it likely resulted from mislabeled specimens. Baehr (1983)designated a specimen housed at the ZSM as the lectotypeof Stagmatoptera hyaloptera. Baehr (1983)assumed that this was the undesignated specimen Perty (1832)originally used to described S. hyalopteraafter stating that it had a similarly positioned pin, and lables with the same hand writing, as the lectotypeof Acontista concinna, another species described in the same publication ( Perty, 1832). We find Baehr’s justification unconvincing because other reasons behind such coincidences cannot be ruled out, such as subsequent re-labeling and/or re-pining. Therefore, we here void Baehr’s (1983) procedure in agreement with ICZN art. 74.2 (ICZN, 1999; http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp).
Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil( Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo, Tocantins), French Guiana[?], Paraguay.
Examinedmaterial. ARGENTINA: 1♂( ZSM). Chacode Santa Fé, Las Garzas, bords du Rio Las Garzas, 25 Km Od'Ocampo, 1903, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN). Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, env. d'Icaño, 1904, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN). Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, env. d'Icaño, 1910, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN). Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, la Palisadel Bracho, 20 KmNNO d'Icaño, Laguna Mamaíta, 1904, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN). Chacode Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado, la Palisadel Bracho, 25 Km NOd'Icaño, xii.1909, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN). Env. d’Icaño, bords du Rio Salado, Santiago del Estero, 1909, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN). Jujui, iii.1958, Martinez& Pereiracol., 1♂( MZSP). Eldorado, Misiones, 08.ii.1969, 1♂( MHNG). Eldorado, Misiones, 09.ii.1969, achat Bâle1971, 1♂( MHNG). Eldorado, Misiones, 13.ii.1969, achat Bâle1971, 1♂( MHNG). Mina Clavero, Córdoba, 01.iii.2005, Dr. Forest, 1♂( MNHN). Rosário, Santa Fé, Hubrist S.V., 1♂( ZMB). San Ignacio, Huat-Parana, Misiones, i.sem ano, E.R. Wagner, 1♂( MNHN). Tapia, Tucuman, iii-iv.1903, G.A. Baer, 1♂( MNHN). Tucuman, 1♀ 1♂( ZSM). 40kmO de Salavina, Santiago del Estero, 1909, E.R. Wagner, 1♀( MNHN). Tucuman, i.1928, Schreiter.leg. F. Nosswitz, 1♀( ZSM). Vila Lutecia, env. de San Ignacio, Missiones, 1910, E.R. Wagner, 1♂ (MNHN). BOLIVIA: El Carmen, 26-28.ii.1958, Laurocol., 1♀( MZSP). Sara, Steinbach S.V., 2♀ (ZMB). BRAZIL: 1♂, ( ZSM); Mato Grosso—MT, 1♀ (ZMB); Mato Grossodo Sul—Salobra, iii.1940, Com. Inst. O.Cruz, 1♂( MZSP); Paraíba—Corema, vi.1957, Exp. Dept. Zoologia, 2♂( MZSP); Paraná—Rolândia, Dirings, i.1954, 1♂ ( MZSP); Pernambuco—Afrânio, 08°31’53”S 41°02’59”W, 550m, 16.v.2007, J.A. Rafael& F.F. XavierFº, 2♂( INPA); Rio Grande do Sul—Bom Jesus, 17.iii.1980, L. Jantschleg., 1♂, 0 531 ( MCTP). Pelotas, 1980, Cavero, 1♀, 0 926 (MCTP). Porto Alegre, 12.ii.1982, C.C. Morateleg., 1♂, 0 365 ( MCTP). Porto Alegre, 05.v.1982, N. Andrade, 1♂, 0 727 ( MCTP). Santo Cristo, 26.ii.1981, A. Heckleg., 1♀, 0 287 ( MCTP). São Borja, 10.iv.1982, L. Ramosleg, 1♀, 0 323 ( MCTP). São Sepé, 13.iii.1986, C.M. Souto, 1♂, 1226 ( MCTP). Sta. C.do Sul, 12.iii.1980, L. Jantschleg., 1♂, 0 471 ( MCTP). Uruguaiana, 08.ii.1989, S.M. Piment, 1♀, 1339 ( MCTP); São Paulo—Andes, ii.1955, M. Carrera, 2♂( MZSP). Catanduva, i.1956, O.P. Silva, 1♀( MZSP). IlhaSeca, 18-26.ii.1940, Com. I. O.Cruz, 1♂( MZSP); Tocantins—Pindorama, Rio Balsas, 340m, 11°01’04”S 47°29’08”W, 28.iii.2008, J.A. Rafael& F.F. XavierFº, 2♂( INPA). FRENCH GUIANA: Herr, 1♀ 1♂( MHNG). PARAGUAY: Écoleagricole, Santa Rosadel Araguay, 200m, 23°46'47"S56°32'46”""W, San Pedro, 24.i.2001, H.- P. Aberlenc& P. Silvieleg., 1♂( MNHN). Vila Rica, G. Schauer, 1♂ (ZMB). Vila Rica, iii.1934, M. Holtz, 1♂( ZMB).
1324557790
[199,617,1828,1853]
Brazil
Amazon River
30
31
1
holotype
1324557787
[199,748,1830,1855]
ZSM
Examined
Argentina
ARGENTINA
36
37
1
1
1324557776
MNHN
Las Garzas & du Rio Las Garzas & Km O & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Rio Las Garzas
36
37
1
1
Chaco de Santa Fe
1324557794
MNHN
du Rio Salado & d'Icano & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Rio Salado
36
37
1
1
Chaco
1324557779
MNHN
du Rio Salado & d'Icano & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Rio Salado
36
37
1
1
Chaco
1324557785
MNHN
du Rio Salado & la Palisa & Bracho & Km & d'Icano & Laguna Mamaita & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Rio Salado
36
37
1
1
Chaco
1324557784
1909-12
MNHN
du Rio Salado & la Palisa & Km NO & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Bracho
Rio Salado
36
37
1
1
Chaco
1324557773
MNHN
Env. d'Icano & du Rio Salado & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
37
38
Rio Salado
36
37
1
1
Santiago del Estero
1324557788
[811,1432,151,176]
1958-03
MZSP
Martinez & Pereira
Argentina
Jujui
37
38
1
1
Santiago del Estero
1324557786
[151,680,188,213]
1969-02-08
MHNG
Argentina
Eldorado
37
38
1
1
Misiones
1324557774
[695,1433,188,213]
1969-02-09
MHNG
Bale
Argentina
Eldorado
37
38
1
1
Misiones
1324557792
[151,853,223,248]
1969-02-13
MHNG
Bale
Argentina
Eldorado
37
38
1
1
Misiones
1324557782
2005-03-01
MNHN
Argentina
Dr. Forest
37
38
1
1
Cordoba
1324557780
[275,797,260,285]
ZMB
Rosario & Hubrist S. V.
Argentina
Santa Fe
37
38
1
1
Santa Fe
1324557771
MNHN
San Ignacio & Huat-Parana & E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Misiones
37
38
1
1
Misiones
1324557781
[410,1009,295,320]
MNHN
Tapia & G. A. Baer
Argentina
Tucuman
37
38
1
1
Tucuman
1324557772
[1019,1301,296,320]
ZSM
Argentina
Tucuman
37
38
2
1
1
Tucuman
1324557778
MNHN
E. R. Wagner
Argentina
Salavina
37
38
1
1
Santiago del Estero
1324557775
1928-01
ZSM
Schreiter.
Argentina
Tucuman
37
38
1
1
Tucuman
1324557783
1958-02-26
1958-02-28
1958-02-26
MZSP
El Carmen & Lauro
Bolivia
El Carmen
37
38
1
1
1324557777
[1081,1354,404,429]
ZSM
Brazil
BRAZIL
37
38
1
1
1324557789
[486,1432,439,464]
1940-03
MZSP
Com. Inst. O.
Brazil
Mato Grosso
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557791
[151,864,476,501]
1957-06
MZSP
Exp. Dept. Zoologia
Brazil
Paraiba-Corema
37
38
2
2
Mato Grosso
1324557795
[879,1432,476,501]
1954-01-01
MZSP
Brazil
Dirings
Parana-Rolandia
37
38
1
Mato Grosso
1324557793
[151,1384,511,536]
2007-05-16
INPA
J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier
Brazil
550
-8.531388
Pernambuco-Afranio
21
-41.04972
37
38
2
2
Mato Grosso
1324557805
1980-03-17
MCTP
L. Jantsch
Brazil
Rio Grande do Sul-Bom Jesus
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557799
[259,957,583,608]
1982-02-12
MCTP
C. C. Morate
Brazil
Porto Alegre
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557812
1982-05-05
MCTP
N. Andrade
Brazil
Porto Alegre
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557796
[322,965,620,645]
1981-02-26
MCTP
A. Heck
Brazil
Santo Cristo
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557813
1982-04-10
MCTP
L. Ramos
Brazil
Sao Borja
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557801
[325,942,655,680]
1986-03-13
MCTP
C. M. Souto
Brazil
Sao Sepe
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557803
1980-03-12
MCTP
Sta. C. & L. Jantsch
Brazil
Sul
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557817
[386,1054,692,717]
1989-02-08
MCTP
S. M. Piment
Brazil
Uruguaiana
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557806
1955-02
MZSP
M. Carrera
Brazil
Sao Paulo-Andes
37
38
2
2
Mato Grosso
1324557804
[403,896,727,752]
1956-01
MZSP
O. P. Silva
Brazil
Catanduva
37
38
1
1
Mato Grosso
1324557810
1940-02-18
1940-02-26
1940-02-18
MZSP
Com. I. O.
Iceland
Ilha
37
38
1
1
1324557811
2008-03-28
INPA
J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier
Iceland
340
-11.017777
Rio Balsas
21
-47.485558
Tocantins-Pindorama
37
38
2
2
1324557807
[409,918,799,824]
MHNG
Herr
French Guiana
FRENCH GUIANA
37
38
2
1
1
1324557820
Paraguay
Ecole
200
-23.779722
Araguay
Santa Rosa
37
38
1
1324557819
[655,1433,836,861]
2001-01-24
MNHN
P. Aberlenc & P. Silvie
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
San Pedro
37
38
1
1
1324557802
[539,998,871,896]
1934-03
ZMB
M. Holtz
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Vila Rica
37
38
1
1