Campiglossa paramelaena, Han, Ho-Yeon & Ro, Kyung-Eui, 2019

Han, Ho-Yeon & Ro, Kyung-Eui, 2019, DNA barcoding reveals a species group of the genus Campiglossa (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae) with recognition of a new species from East Asia and previously unknown females of Campiglossa coei (Hardy), ZooKeys 899, pp. 1-36 : 1

Campiglossa paramelaena sp. nov. Figs 5 A–F , 8 A–G

Type material.

Holotype ♂: KOREA: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Bonghwa-gun, Myeongho-myeon, Mt. Cheongnyangsan , 36°46'43.6"N, 128°55'0.8"E, 600 m, 30.VI.2007, H.Y. Han et al. ( NIBR). Paratypes: RUSSIA: Primorsky-Krai: between Chernyatino and Pokrovk , 43°57'32.7"N, 131°32'24.1"E, 55 m, 26.VI.2008, H.Y. Han and H.S. Lee, 3♂ 3♀; Khasansky-District, Kedrovaya Pad , 43°05'09.4"N, 131°35'06.0"E, 22 m, 23.VI.2008, H.Y. Han and H.S. Lee, 1♂; Khasansky-District , Barabash , 43°10'46.9"N, 131°28'20.0"E, 61 m, 22.VI.2008, H.Y. Han and H.S. Lee, 1♀; Ussuriysk, 43°47'05.4"N, 132°01'37.8"E, 19 m, 26.VI.2008, H.Y. Han and H.S. Lee, 1♀. All paratypes in YSUW.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is derived from the closely related species melaena prefixed with para.

Diagnosis.

This new species can be diagnosed by the following characteristics. Head largely yellowish brown with grey upper occiput. Thorax with scutum entirely ash-grey with five faint brownish longitudinal stripes ( Fig. 7B, E ); bases of acrostichal, dorsocentral, intra-alar, basal scutellar setae dark brown; scutellum ash-grey with apex yellowish brown; Legs with femora largely dark grey except for yellowish brown apices ( Fig. 4G, H, J ), but tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown; fore femur with six or seven dark brown posteroventral setae. Wing with basal area (basal 1/3 anteriorly and basal 1/2 posteriorly) largely hyaline with only few small dark spots, especially cell br with area posterior to fork of vein Rs completely hyaline ( Fig. 7C-a ); male with large dark mid-anterior marking covering from pterostigma to posterior end of crossvein R-M; male pterostigma almost completely dark brown, at most with tiny hyaline spot ( Fig. 7C-b ); female pterostigma with large round hyaline spot ( Fig. 7D-a ); cell r1 posterior to pterostigma with three large hyaline spots in both sexes; cell r2+3 without posteroapical hyaline spot ( Fig. 7C-c, D-a ). Abdomen ash-grey with tergites 3-5 in male and 3-6 in female each with pair of brown submedian spots; oviscape shiny dark brown, as long as three preceding segments.

Campiglossa paramelaena sp. nov., appears similar to C. misella but the former species can be readily separated by the almost hyaline basal area of the wing, and the area posterior to the fork of vein Rs in particular is completely hyaline while the latter species has a distinctly dark spot on that area ( Fig. 7C-a vs. Fig. 4G-a, J-a ).

Description.

Body ( Fig. 7 A–F ) predominantly ash-grey; setae mostly dark brown but some white; setulae mostly white but some dark brown; wing length 3.0-3.8 mm; thorax length 1.2-1.5 mm.

Head yellow-brown with whitish pruinosity except for dark grey ocellar triangle and upper occiput; head ratio 0.85-0.92, frons-head ratio 0.47-0.53, eye ratio 0.75-0.83, gena to eye ratio 0.17-0.22, antenna-head ratio 0.41-0.46, arista-antenna ratio 1.3-1.7; vertex yellow-brown; dark brown inner vertical seta approximately as long as longest diameter of eye; outer vertical seta white, 0.4 × inner vertical seta; post ocellar seta white, 0.3 –0.4× post ocellar seta; paravertical seta white, 0.7 –0.9× post ocellar seta; ocellar seta dark brown, 3.0 –3.5× ocellar triangle length; frons almost bare with frontal angle 110-115 degree; with two dark brown frontal setae; white posterior orbital seta 0.6 –0.8× dark brown anterior orbital seta; scape and pedicel yellow-brown with short dark brown setulae; first flagellomere 1.5 –2.1× pedicel length, apically rounded, yellow-brown but with greyish tinge in some individuals; arista entirely short pubescent, dark brown except yellow-brown basal area; face yellow-brown without distinct antennal groove; parafacial 0.4 –0.5× as wide as first flagellomere; facial ridge with fine pale yellow setulae; gena with strong white genal seta and relatively long white setulae; postgena swollen with strong white postgenal seta and relatively long white setulae; postocular setae with two thick white setulae plus ten or more shorter dark brown setulae, extended 0.6 × distance from upper eye margin to lower eye margin; supracervical setae white; mouthparts geniculated with labella yellow-brown setulose; palpus with brown setulae apically, white setulae on remaining area.

Thorax largely dark brown in ground color with heavy whitish grey pruinosity, generally appearing ash-grey; postpronotal lobe with single dark brown seta, yellow-brown in ground color, therefore, appearing paler than nearby areas; scutum ash-grey with five faint brownish longitudinal bands traceable in clean specimens; two pairs of white scapular setae; acrostical setae widely separated, situated midway between levels of intra-alar setae and postsutural supra-alar setae; post-alar setae same level as intra-alar setae; dorsocentral setae approximately same level as transverse suture; presutural supra-alar setae slightly above level of anterior notopleural setae; two notopleural setae dark brown with posterior seta 0.5 × anterior seta; bases of acrostichal, dorsocentral, intra-alar, basal scutellar setae dark brown; scutellum mostly ash-grey but ca. apical 1/5 yellow-brown, slightly convex, almost bare except marginal tiny white setulae; basal scutellar setae more or less parallel, 3.1 –3.6× (in males) and 2.4 –3.0× (in females) as long as scutellum; apical scutellar setae crossed near apex, 1.1 –1.4× (in males) and 0.9 –1.1× (in females) as long as scutellum; pleura largely ash-grey; proepisternum with 3-5 white setulae; anepisternum ash-grey with posterior 2/3 white setulose, with single strong dark brown seta and one seta half as long and white ventral to it; katepisternum ash-grey with a strong seta, upper area sparsely covered with short white setulae and lower area with long white setulae; mediotergite ash-grey. Legs yellow-brown ground color with ash-grey pattern and brown to dark brown setae and setulae; fore coxa yellow-brown with posterobasal 1/3 grey, anteriorly with white setulae, posteriorly bare; midcoxa yellow-brown, anteriorly with few long white setulae, posteriorly bare; hind coxa greyish yellow-brown, with white lateral seta, posteriorly largely membranous; femora largely ash-grey except yellow-brown apices; tibiae and tarsi entirely yellow-brown; midtibial spur dark brown, 1.0 –1.3× as long as wide.

Wing ( Fig. 5A, C, D, F ) hyaline with brown to dark brown pattern; area around pterostigma with distinct sexual dimorphism (see next paragraph); cells bc, bm, bcu, alula, anal lobe almost entirely hyaline; cell c mostly hyaline with narrow brown to faint brown medial longitudinal band; cell r1 with basal 1/4 hyaline, apical 3/4 dark brown with three large hyaline spots apical to pterostigma; cell r2+3 without apical hyaline spot but with two large subapical spots often coalesced, two large hyaline spots posterior to three r1 spots, two or three tiny spots apical to them; cell br with basal 2/3 almost hyaline, apically dark brown with 1-3 hyaline spot; cell r4+5 with single apical spot and 8-12 variably shaped hyaline spots; cell dm with basal 2/5 almost hyaline, apically dark brown with 4-7 variably shaped hyaline spots; cell m with 5-7 hyaline spots; cell cu2 with six or seven large hyaline spots coalesced each other resulting in largely hyaline background with few small brown spots. Wing-thorax ratio 2.4-2.6, subcosta-costa ratio 0.53-0.64, cell r1-r2+3 ratio 2.2-2.7, cell r4+5-r2+3 ratio 0.54-0.67. R4+5 bare.

Wing dimorphism. Male ( Fig. 7A, C ) with pterostigma entirely dark brown or at most with tiny hyaline spot; large, more or less elliptic dark brown mid-anterior marking traceable covering pterostigma, cell r1 adjacent to pterostigma, basal 1/4 to 3/5 of cell r2+3, and anterior areas of cells br and r4+5 near crossvein r-m; vein M ratio 0.29-0.43. Female ( Fig. 5D, E ) with pterostigma dark brown with distinct round hyaline spot; large mid-anterior marking not traceable; such marking interrupted by distinct round hyaline spot on pterostigma and 2-4 small round spots on cell br posterior to it; vein M ratio 0.41-0.53.

Male abdomen. Preabdomen slightly longer than wide, almost entirely ash-grey; tergites 2-5 with white setulae, but tergite 5 also with 5-7 dark brown marginal setae; tergites 3-5 each with pair of brown submedian spots. Postabdomen ( Fig. 8 A–C ) with proctiger short, 0.4 × as long as epandrium in lateral view, microtrichosae, lower half with numerous yellow-brown setae; epandrium plus surstyli oval in caudal view; epandrium dark brown with long yellow-brown to brown setae, microtrichosae; lateral surstylar flange posteriorly serrate, with its basal width approx.1/3 as long as epandrial complex height; medial surstylus with lateral prensiseta approx.2/3 as long as medial prensiseta; preglans area of phallus strongly spinulose; glans without subapical lobe; tube-like acrophallus highly pronounced with apicodorsal opening, approx. half as long as glans; ejaculatory apodeme large, fan-shaped.

Female abdomen. Preabdomen slightly longer than wide, almost entirely ash-grey; tergites 2-6 with white setulae, tergite 6 especially with dark brown marginal setae; tergites 3-6 each with pair of brown submedial spots. Postabdomen ( Fig. 8 D–G ) with shiny dark brown oviscape approx. as long as three preceding tergites; oviscape densely covered by dark brown setulae but without any macrosetae, 1.3 × longer than wide, cone shaped, dorsoventrally flattened; eversible membrane with taeniae approx. 1/3 as long as total length of membrane; posterior 2/3 area of eversible membrane densely covered with anteriorly directed triangular spinules; spinules largest in area behind taeniae; aculeus elongated, dorsoventrally flattened, approx. 4 × longer than wide with apical 2/5 gradually pointed, apex with pair of tiny subapical teeth; two similar sized dark brown spermathecae, each with pear-shaped apical receptacle with transverse wrinkles and half as long narrow basal neck; spermathecal duct transparent.

Distribution.

Korea, the Russian Far East.

Remarks.

Individuals of C. paramelaena sp. nov., have DNA barcodes ( Figs 1 , 2 ) indistinguishable from those of C. melaena , which is a distinctly darker species with a more extensive wing pattern ( Fig. 7 G–I ). Superficially, C. paramelaena sp. nov., more closely resembles C. misella (see Diagnosis), while the average barcode distance between these two species is 1.9 % (range 1.7-2.1 %). We postulate that C. paramelaena sp. nov., is not a light-colored seasonal form of C. melaena , because both species are from the same collecting lot in the Russian Far East (see Type material). Moreover, this species not only has a lighter body coloration but also has a much sparser wing pattern on the anal area then in C. melaena . In addition, the male surstylar flange of C. melaena is relatively larger (the base of the flange is approx. half as long as the height of the epandrial complex in the lateral view) than that of C. paramelaena sp. nov. (the base of the flange is distinctly shorter than half the height of the epandrial complex) ( Fig. 9A vs. Fig. 8A ).

Figures

Figure 1. The genus Campiglossa portion of the neighbor-joining tree based on the Kimura 2 - parameter distances of 7,223 tephritid DNA barcode sequences mostly extracted from BOLD Systems (www. boldsystems. org, as of Jan 2019), including 55 newly obtained Campiglossa sequences (names prefixed with Z). All 211 Campiglossa, Homoeotricha, and Dioxyna (regarded to be the genus Campiglossa, sensu lato, in this study) sequences were recovered as a monophyletic clade in this analysis. Putative species group names (in red) are marked on the respective branches.

Figure 2. MEGA X analysis produced a maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogram of the 76 selected Campiglossa (ingroup) and ten Tephritis (outgroup) DNA barcode sequences using the general time reversible model. The first number on each branch is the bootstrap support from ML analysis (pb); the second number represents posterior probability (pp) from Bayesian inference (BI). Samples in green letters were extracted from BOLD systems (www. boldsystems. org).

Figure 4. A-F Campiglossa coei A male, lateral view B male, dorsal view C male wing D female, lateral view E female, dorsal view F female wing G-K C. misella G male, lateral view H male, lateral view I male, dorsal view J female, lateral view K female, dorsal view.

Figure 5. Genitalia of Campiglossa coei A epandrial complex, lateral view B epandrial complex, caudal view C glans and preglans of distiphallus D female postabdomen with aculeus and eversible membrane pulled out, ventral view E magnified view of aculeus tip F magnified view of oviscape and eversible membrane G spermatheca.

Figure 7. A-E Campiglossa paramelaena sp. nov. A male, lateral view B male, dorsal view C male wing D female, lateral view E female, dorsal view F female, wing G-K C. melaena G male, lateral view H male, dorsal view I male, wing J holotype male, wing K female, wing J, K Reproduced from Korneyev and Ovchinnikova (2004) with permission from Valery Korneyev.

Figure 8. Genitalia of Campiglossa paramelaena sp. nov. A epandrial complex, lateral view B epandrial complex, caudal view C glans and preglans of distiphallus D female postabdomen with aculeus and eversible membrane pulled out, ventral view E magnified view of aculeus tip F magnified view of oviscape and eversible membrane G spermatheca.

Figure 9. Male genitalia of Campiglossa melaena A epandrial complex, lateral view B epandrial complex, caudal view C glans and preglans of distiphallus.