Nolima pinal Rehn, 1939

Reynoso-Velasco, Daniel & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2019, Taxonomic review of the mantidfly genus Nolima Navas (Neuroptera, Mantispidae, Calomantispinae), ZooKeys 853, pp. 131-158 : 131

Nolima pinal Rehn, 1939 Figs 4, 7, 9

Nolima pinal Rehn, 1939: 256-259, 263 (key, original description); Hughes-Schrader 1979: 10-11 (cytogenetics); MacLeod and Redborg 1982: 38-41 (biology, photos); Lambkin 1986a: 3, 21 (species list, systematics); Willman 1990: 263 (illustration); Penny et al. 1997: 73 (species list); Ohl 2004: 158 (species list); Liu et al. 2015: 185, 200, 204 (species list, illustration, systematics); Winterton et al. 2018: 342, 344 (systematics).

Nolima dine Rehn, 1939: 256-257, 261-263 (key, original description); Penny et al. 1997: 73 (species list); Ohl 2004: 157 (species list) (new synonym).

Nolima kantsi Rehn, 1939: 256-257, 260-262 (key, original description); Penny et al. 1997: 73 (species list); Ohl 2004: 158 (species list) (new synonym).

Diagnosis.

It differs from other species in the genus as follows: a) male sterna I–VIII with circular structures on nearly the entire surface (Fig. 9E), b) male ectoprocts with membrane between apexes not sclerotized, c) male ectoprocts with dorsal margin slightly convex (Fig. 9E, F), d) male ectoprocts with scattered long setae (Fig. 9 E–G), e) gonarcus broadly rounded (Fig. 9H), and f) pseudopenis not slender apically (Fig. 9I).

Notes.

Nolima pinal was described based on a single female specimen collected in Arizona, United States. In the original description the holotype was erroneously reported as a male specimen. Rehn (1939) stated that this species was similar to N. praeliator . The distinction between N. pinal and the other two species in the United States, which were also described based on females but erroneously reported as males in the original descriptions, was based mainly on the pigmentation pattern of the head, pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum, as well as width of the pronotum. After the examination of the type specimens of the three species from the southwestern United States and the additional material available for this study, we found that the pigmentation pattern used to distinguish among the species was not consistent, thus its aid in the species delimitation was questionable. In addition, after the examination of the male genital structures from specimens in the entire species distribution (southwestern United States), including specimens from the previously unknown range in Nevada, we found that the structures exhibited sufficient similarity to be considered a single species. Thus we propose N. dine and N. kantsi to be junior synonyms of N. pinal . Even when the name N. pinal has no position precedence because is not the type species of the genus (see N. victor section), we chose N. pinal as the valid name for this species only because it was the first to be described in the work by Rehn (1939, p. 257).

Description.

Male. Head. Vertex with M-shaped mark bifurcated behind antennal sockets, one branch extending posteriorly parallel to anterior ocular margin, additional branch extending anteriorly on frontogenal furrow (Fig. 9A); vertex irregular marks that originate posteromedially converging basally with branch of bifurcation extending posteriorly (Fig. 9A). Frons with a pair of small irregular marks (Fig. 9A). Antennae 29 to 39-segmented; scape with narrow longitudinal mark on posterior surface; pedicel with pigmentation on posterior surface.

Thorax. Prothorax with pigmentation on pronotum, except narrow pale yellow longitudinal stripe along midline and anterolateral pale yellow mark on each side of midline (Fig. 9B). Forecoxa with bristle-bearing chalazae on ventral, lateral, and dorsal surfaces; pigmentation on chalazae bases (Fig. 9C). Forefemur with one large mark on lateral surface (Fig. 9C), mesal and dorsal surfaces without marks. Foretibia with long dorsal mark on basal 2/3. Meso- and Metapleuron with pigmentation on anepisternum, anepimeron, katepisternum, katepimeron, and meron. Middle and hind legs with dark setae.

Abdomen. Terga and sterna I–VIII with circular structures, not in contact to each other, microsetae in space between circular structures (Fig. 9D). Sternum IX with setae on entire surface, apex narrowly rounded in lateral view (Fig. 9E). Ectoprocts with dorsal margin slightly convex in lateral view; long setae scattered (Fig. 9F, G); membrane between apexes of ectoprocts not sclerotized, not posteriorly produced, concave in dorsal view (Fig. 9G); basal apodeme of ectoprocts broad, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 9G). Callus cerci obsolete. Gonarcus robust, broadly rounded (Fig. 9H). Gonocoxite IX with base slightly curved (Fig. 9I). Pseudopenis not slender apically (Fig. 9I).

Female. Pigmentation and setation generally same as for male, except the antennal scape, which presents pigmentation on entire posterior surface.

Variation.

The mark located on the frontogenal furrow sometimes extends ventrally onto the epistomal furrow, a feature more common in females. The clypeus may present a single irregular mark medially. The anterolateral pale yellow mark of the pronotum sometimes exhibits pigmentation medially, giving an appearance of two marks. The forefemur may present two marks on the lateral surface, a trait more common in females. Some females from Texas exhibited three marks on the lateral surface of the forefemur. Also, the forefemur may present an elongate mark on the first half of the mesal surface. Sometimes the foretibia presents three dorsal marks. The membrane between apexes of ectoprocts may be slightly sclerotized.

Biology and natural history.

The cytogenetics of 15 species of mantispids from 11 genera and three subfamilies has been studied to date ( Hughes-Schrader 1969, 1979); among these species, N. pinal has the lowest number of chromosomes. Its chromosomal complement consists of seven pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, XX (female) and XY (male). Under experimental conditions ( Macleod and Redborg 1982), larvae of N. pinal were able to feed on a large variety of immature and adult insects and spiders, therefore it has been suggested the species is a generalist. In contrast, a certain degree of prey specialization has been documented for other mantispids ( Parker and Stange 1965, Werner and Butler 1965, Redborg 1998). Mantispines are hypermetamorphic. The first instar is active and usually campodeiform, while later instars are vermiform or scarabaeiform and little active ( Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). In contrast, larvae of N. pinal are ambulatory in all three larval instars, although they require prey to be sedentary because of low capacity of larval movement. In the laboratory (T = 25 °C, photoperiod L:D = 16:8) N. pinal took 15 days to go through three larval instars (from eclosion to just before construction of the cocoon) and 2-3 weeks in the pupal stage ( MacLeod and Redborg 1982). Based on material examined, adults of Nolima pinal may be found active from April through September, being more common in August.

Etymology

. Rehn (1939) named this species after the Pinal Coyotero Apache group, which inhabited the region around the Pinal Mountains in Arizona, United States.

Repository.

The holotype is housed at the MCZ.

Type locality.

United States: Arizona: Gila Co., Pinal Mountains.

Distribution.

This species is distributed in the southwestern United States (Fig. 7). The species was reported from Arizona in the original description, also as N. dine . In addition, the species was reported from Texas as N. kantsi . Herein, N. pinal is reported from Nevada for the first time. Given this southern distribution in the United States, it may be expected the species is also distributed in the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Sonora. Based on the material examined, this species may be found in areas with oaks at elevations (n = 9) ranging from 1,509 to 1,753 meters.

Published records.

United States: Arizona, New Mexico, Texas ( Rehn 1939, Penny et al. 1997, Ohl 2004).

Type material examined.

HOLOTYPE ♀ (by original designation): UNITED STATES: Arizona: [Gila Co.], base of Pinal M[oun]t[ain]s, Ariz. [1st label, with antennal flagellum glued], Sep[tember], D.K. Duncan [2nd label], Oak [3rd label], M.C.Z. type 23645 [4th label], Nolima pinal Rehn TYPE [5th label], MCZ [6th label]. Microvial with last abdominal segments of the holotype in glycerine, pinned next to specimen: Nolima pinal ♀, 28.I.1985, Genital prep. nr. Ragnar Hall 103 [single label] (MCZ). Extra label in Holotype’s unit tray: The holotype of Nolima pinal Rehn is a ♀, not a male as described by Rehn, 21-X-1966, R. Beard. HOLOTYPE ♀.

Type material of synonyms examined.

UNITED STATES: Arizona: [Pinal Co.], Peppersauce C[a]n[yon], Aug. 16, 1924 [1st label], Santa Catalina Mts. [2nd label], J.O. Martin Collector [3rd label], Nolima dine Rehn TYPE [4th label], California Academy of Sciences Type No. 4927 [5th label] (♀ CAS). PARATYPES: [Pinal Co.], Peppersauce C[a]n[yon], Aug. 16, 1924, Santa Catalina Mts., J.O. Martin Collector, Nolima dine Rehn Allotype (1♂ CAS); [Pinal Co.], Peppersauce Canyon, Aug. 17, 1924, E.P. Van Duzee, Nolima dine Rehn Paratype (1♀ CAS). HOLOTYPE ♀. UNITED STATES: Texas: Brewster Co., Chisos Mts., July 16 1921 [1st label], C.D. Duncan Collector [2nd label], Nolima kantsi Rehn TYPE [3rd label], California Academy of Sciences Type No. 4926 [4th label] (♀ CAS).

Additional material examined.

UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise Co., Cave Creek Canyon, 3 mi W Portal, 31°53.023'N, 109°10.715'W, 5120 ft, 9-VIII-2000, A. Gilbert & N. Smith (1♀ ZMB); Cochise Co., Chiricahua M[oun]t[ain]s, Cave Creek Ranch, 4880 ft, 14-VIII-1966, D. Alsop et al., 15w UV light (1♂ NMNH); Cochise Co., Paradise Cemetery Area, 5700 ft, 17-VIII-1977, S. Schrader-K. & R. Cooper-E., UV light beneath Quercus (5♂ 4♀ TAMU); Cochise Co., Paradise Cemetery Area, 5700 ft, 17-VIII-1977, R. Cooper-E., swept from Quercus (1♂ SDMC; 2♀ TAMU); Cochise Co., Paradise Cemetery Area, 5700 ft, 19-VIII-1977, R. Cooper-E., swept from Quercus (1♀ SDMC; 4♂, 5♀, 1 adult without abdomen TAMU); Cochise Co., Pinery Canyon, 3 mi E of j[un]ct[ion] Ariz[ona] 181, 5440-5600 ft, 17-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard & C. Weidert, beating oaks (1♀ NHMUK; 1♀ TAMU); same but 25-VIII-1966 (1♀ ZMB); Cochise Co., Portal Cave-Creek Ranch, 4900 ft, 17-VIII-1977, K. Cooper, UV light in woods (1♂ TAMU); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 5-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard & R.E. Dietz (1♂ CASC; 1♂ MCZ); same but Nolima ♀66-L, ♀ died 9-VIII, eggs laid 8-VIII hatched (1♀ MCZ); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 5-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard & R.E. Dietz, Nolima ♀66-M, ♀ died 9-VIII, eggs laid 8-VIII hatched (1♀ MCZ); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 5-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard & R.E. Dietz, Nolima ♀66-N, ♀ died 9-VIII, eggs laid 8-VIII hatched (1♀ MCZ); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 7-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard, beaten from oak, Nolima ♀66-P, ♀ died 11-VIII, eggs laid 10-VIII hatched (1♀ MCZ); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 9-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard, UV light (1♀ MCZ; 1♀ MNHN); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 12-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard, UV light, Nolima ♀66-R, ♀ died 19-VIII, eggs laid 18-VIII hatched (1♀ TAMU); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 12-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard, UV light, Nolima ♀66-S, ♀ died 19-VIII, eggs laid 18-VIII hatched (1♀ MCZ); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 4950 ft, 13-VIII-1966, R.G. Beard, beaten from oak (1♀ CASC); Cochise Co., Portal Ranger Station, 12-VIII-1999, at light, M. Ohl (2♀ ZMB); Cochise Co., Paradise, 20-VIII-1978, [no collector] (1♀ SDMC); Cochise Co., Douglas, 7-VIII-1980 (1♂ CASC); Cochise Co., 5 mi W Portal, S[outh] W[estern] R[esearch] S[tation], 5400 ft, 15-VIII-1969, [no collector] (1♀ CASC); Cochise Co., Lowell, 26-VIII-1964, G.H. Nelson, flying (1♂ FSCA); Cochise Co., Portal, 6 mi above S[outh] W[estern] Res[earch] Sta[tion], 24-VII-1969, G.H. Nelson, beating Quercus hypoleuca (1♂ FSCA); Cochise Co., Portal, 2-IX-1974, H. & M. Townes (1♀ FSCA); same but 6-IX-1974 (1♀ FSCA); same but 23-VIII-1987 (1♂ FSCA); same but 29-VIII-1987 (1♀ (FSCA); [Cochise Co.], 5 mi W Portal, Chiricahua M[oun]t[ain]s, 18-VIII-1958, D.D. Linsdale (1♀ FSCA); [Maricopa Co.], Seven Springs Ranger Sta[tion], 20-IV-1938, S.E. Crumb (1♀ TAMU); Nevada: Clark Co., Cabin C[an]y[o]n, 36.663062N, 114.070060W, 21-V-2008, C.W. Irwin, Lindgren trap PPQ07 (1♀ CASC); Lincoln Co., Spring Valley, 38.025963N, 114.208495W, 30-VIII-2008, R.J. Little, Lindgren trap BB60 (1♂, 3♀ CASC); New Mexico: Hidalgo Co., Animas M[oun]t[ain]s, Double Adobe Ranch, 5500 ft, 15-VIII-1952, H.B. Leech & J.W. Green (1♀ TAMU); Texas: [Brewster Co.], Big Bend State Park, 12-VII-1941, B.E. White (1♀ CASC); Brewster Co., B[ig] B[end] N[ational] P[ark], Laguna Medows Tr[ai]l, 29°15'17"N, 103°18'23"W, 5500-5750 ft, 20-VII-2002, E.G. & C.M. Riley, beating (1♀ TAMU); Brewster Co., B[ig] B[end] N[ational] P[ark], The Basin, 29°16'14"N, 103°17'54"W, 5600 ft, 21-VI-2004, E.G. Riley, UV light (1♀ TAMU); Brewster Co., B[ig] B[end] N[ational] P[ark], n[ea]r Lost Mine Trail, 29°16'03"N, 103°17'22"W, 5750 ft, 6-VI-2006, E.G. Riley, UV light (1♂ TAMU); Brewster Co., B[ig] B[end] N[ational] P[ark], The Basin ar[ea], 29°16'05'N, 103°18'09'W, 5600 ft, 5-8-VI-2006, E.G. Riley, UV [light] (1♂, 1♀ TAMU); Brewster Co., Chisos M[oun]t[ain]s, Panther Pass, 6000 ft, 2-VI-1973, D.C. Ferguson (1♂ USNM); [Brewster Co.], Chisos M[oun]t[ain]s, Big Bend Park, 3-VII-1946, E.C. Van Dyke (2♀ CASC; 1♀ ZMB); same but 6-VII-1946 (1♀ CASC); [Brewster Co.], Chisos Mountains, Big Bend Park, 16-VII-1956, H. & A. Howden (1♀ MCZ); [Brewster Co.], Chisos Mountains, Big Bend Park, 1-V-1959, Howden & Becker, at light (1♀ MCZ); [Brewster Co.], Chisos Mountains, Big Bend Park, 3-V-1959, Howden & Becker, beaten gray oak ( Quercus grisea ) (1♂ MCZ); [Brewster Co.], Chisos Mountains, Big Bend Park, 9-V-1959, Howden & Becker, beaten juniper ( Juniperus sp.) (1♀ MCZ); [Brewster Co.], Chisos M[oun]t[ain]s, 26-VI-1961, D.J. & J.N. Knull (1♂, 2♀ MCZ); [Brewster Co.], Chisos M[oun]t[ain]s, 26-VI-1963 (1♀ SRSU); Davis M[oun]t[ain]s, 7-VII-1946, E.C. Van Dyke (1♂, 1♀ CAS; 2♂, 1♀ TAMU).