Phalonidia udana

Mutanen, Marko, Aarvik, Leif, Huemer, Peter, Kaila, Lauri, Karsholt, Ole & Tuck, Kevin, 2012, DNA barcodes reveal that the widespread European tortricid moth Phalonidia manniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a mixture of two species, Zootaxa 3262, pp. 1-21 : 4-9

Re-descriptions of P. udana and P. manniana

Phalonidia udana ( Guenée, 1845) sp. rev. Cochylis udana Guenée, 1845: 299 .

Phalonidia tolli Razowski, 1960: 397 , syn. rev.

Redescription. Adult. Head: cream-coloured. Antenna cream above, light brown underneath, ciliate, cilia slightly shorter than diameter of shaft, minutely ciliate in female. Labial palpus 2 times diameter of eye, cream, second segment externally slightly brownish. Thorax: Beige, tegulae suffused with grey. Legs cream, fore and mid legs externally flecked with grey. Wingspan 10.0–13.0 mm in male; 10.0–14.0 mm in female. Forewing ground colour cream; basal and sub-basal fasciae forming diffuse, greyish ochre basal patch; median fascia brownish ochreous, angled at one third from costa, dorsal half distinct, suffused with blackish; postmedian fascia ochreous, weak; pretornal spot dark blackish grey; subterminal fascia brownish ochreous, becoming narrower towards tornus; terminal line light grey; cilia light ochreous, becoming lighter towards tornus; underside fuscous, 1–3 cream-coloured strigulae on costa in apical two fifths, basal third below cell cream, ochreous spot on cubital vein at one fifth from base. Hindwing grey, veins and sub-basal line darker; cilia light grey, becoming whitish towards anal area; underside cream, with sparse grey transverse striae, particularly in apical third. Abdomen: Dorsally grey, ventrally cream, abdominal tuft light ochreous. Male genitalia ( Figs. 2 A, 2B, 2C, 2D) with tegumen a wide arch; socii with broad base, weak, setose; median process of transtilla long and slender; valva slender, cucullus tapering in proximal half, parallel sided or slightly tapering in distal half, sacculus short, rounded, protruding; excavation between sacculus and cucullus deep, forming an angle of 90 degrees or slightly less; juxta heart-shaped; phallus of even width, curved at 2/3, with strongly sclerotised ventral plate; vesica with numerous denticles and one strong cornutus with large base. Female genitalia ( Fig. 3 A, 3B) with papillae anales band-like; eighth segment short; sterigma with large cup-shaped anterior part; ductus bursae broad, entirely membranous; corpus bursae with large posterior sclerite and numerous spines, also in the posterior part; some of the spines forming a circle. The position of the sclerite and spines depends in part on how the bursae is compressed on the slide. In most preparations the sclerite is positioned on the right side, causing a membranous portion on the left side. The length of the ductus bursae is variable.

Larva ( Fig. 4). Length 12 mm. Body orange brown, with lens-shaped sculpture. Head capsule, prothoracic shield and anal shield indistinctly sclerotized, brown. Head: semiprogathous, partially retractible into thorax. Frons extended to cranial incision; adfrontal sclerites narrow. Submental pit absent. Mandible with five conspicuous, blunt teeth. Labial palpus dorsolaterad of spinneret; fusulus somewhat bent to ventral direction. Labrum with a notch in ventral margin, with 12 setae. Six stemmata present, forming mesal penellipse, of approximately same size. Stipular setae of spinneret rather long, thin. Fa close to each other, F1 near margin of frons at its widest point. C1 longer, C2 as long as F1. P1 close to adfrontalia, four times longer than P2 which is dorsolaterad of it; Pb halfway between them. A1 half the length of of P1, A2 dorsolaterad of it, length half of that of A1. Prothorax: prothoracic shield with posteriomedian cleavage, weakly sclerotized except in small areas dorsoposteriorly. D1 minute, in line with D2 and SD1; L group trisetose, L2 dorsoanteriorly to L1, L 3 in line with L1; length of all L setae equal; SV group bisetose; all setae in their own pinaculum. Meso- and metathorax: D1 and D2 approximate, in their own pinacula (when D1 present), their relative position varies between specimens and segment and shows asymmetry; SD group bisetose, SD1 twice the length of SD2; L group trisetose, L1 distinctly longer than L2 and L3; L setae in row, distance between D1 and D3 twice as long as that of D1 and D2. Thoracic legs: tarsal setae 1 and 4 longer than 2 and 3; axial seta of claw absent; claw without sculpture. Abdomen: prolegs on A3–6 and A10, of equal size, crochets uniserial and uniordinal, in full circle in A3-6, in lateral row in A10. Anal comb present in A10, with four stout setae. A1-8: D1 tiny, anteromedial to D2; one SD seta discernible; L group bisetose, L1 short, dorsad of the much longer L2. SV trisetose, all setae in their own pinaculum. A9: Interpretation of setae uncertain due to variation and asymmetry. No secondary setae present.

The larva of P. udana displays asymmetry regarding the presence and position of dorsal setae, a phenomenon that appears to have often been overlooked in the study of lepidopteran larvae ( Mutanen et al. 2009).

Variation. The fasciae of the forewing can be more or less strongly expressed. In particular the dorsal part of the median fascia can has strong blackish suffusion, and it can rarely be totally black. In some specimens the dark suffusion is reduced to form narrow edges of the fascia; also the width of the fascia varies. Specimens from Finland tend to have less blackish suffusion than specimens from Norway. In Denmark both these forms occur.

Diagnosis. Phalonidia udana has been confused with P. manniana and mixed with this species in collections. Phalonidia manniana has the forewing median fascia straighter than in P. udana , and the fascia is usually suffused with blackish scales from dorsum to costa. The basal and sub-basal fasciae form a distinct rectangular blotch on the costa in P. m a n n i a n a, this blotch is suffused with fuscous. Similarly, the subterminal fascia in P. manniana has fuscous suffusion on the costa. In P. udana these fasciae lack fuscous suffusion on the costa. The darkening of the veins in the apical part of the forewing in P. manniana gives it a reticulate appearance which is lacking in P. u d a n a. On the forewing underside the number of costal strigulae is reduced in P. udana . The hindwing underside is darker in P. manniana than in P. udana . Both species vary in the intensity of the wing markings and the extent of dark suffusion on both sides of the wings. However, when series are compared, the differences mentioned will aid in identification. In the male genitalia the shape of the median process of the transtilla is diagnostic. In P. manniana it is relatively short and broad, whereas in P. udana it is relatively long and slender. The valva in P. udana is more slender than in P. manniana and the angle formed between the sacculus and cucullus is acute or less than 90 degrees. In the female genitalia the most obvious difference is the position of the large sclerite inside the corpus bursae. In P. udana this sclerite has a posterior position with a clearly defined posterior edge; in P. manniana it has an anterior position with a clearly defined anterior edge. The large spines inside the posterior part of the corpus bursae are more numerous in P. udana than in P. manniana .

Material examined.

DENMARK: 13, NWJ: Bjerget v. Frøstrup, 18.vi.1977, K. Pedersen, genitalia slide Karsholt 3337 (ZMUC); 1 3, NWJ, same locality, Bjerget, 19.vi.1982, J. Jalava, genitalia slide Mutanen 903 (ZMUO); 23, NEJ: Laesø, Skoven, 30.vi. & 1.viii.1973, E.S. Nielsen, genitalia slide Nielsen 518, 519 (ZMUC); 13, NEJ: Laesø, Østerby, 12- 15.viii.1982, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide Karsholt 3930 (ZMUC); 13, LFM: Horreby Lyng, 30.vi.1972, H.K. Jensen, genitalia slide Jensen 1249 (ZMUC); 13, 1Ƥ, LFM: Mellemskoven, 5.viii.1975, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide Karsholt 2310, 2311 (ZMUC); 1Ƥ, LFM: Hannenov, 10.vii.1976, J. Lundqvist, genitalia slide Lundqvist 1427 (ZMUC); 13, LFM: Hydesby, 19.vi.1976, K. Pedersen, genitalia slide Karsholt 5204 (ZMUC); 1Ƥ, LFM, Onsevig, 11–17.viii.1985, F. Vilhelmsen, genitalia slide Vilhelmsen 335 (FVI); 1Ƥ, NWZ: Rygårds Dyrehave, 26.vi.1989, F. Vilhelmsen, genitalia slide Vilhelmsen 334 (FVI); 53, 1Ƥ, NEZ: Lyngby, 20.vi.1941, v. van Deurs , genitalia slide van Deurs 99 (ZMUC); 73, 1Ƥ, 19.vi.1945, N.L. Wolff, genitalia slide Wolff 1060 (ZMUC); 13, same locality 30.v.1971, K. Schnack, genitalia slide Schnack 867 (ZMUC); 2Ƥ, NEZ: Tibirke Mose, 4.vii.1969, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide Karsholt 2001 (ZMUC); 63, 1Ƥ, NEZ: Teglstrup Hegn, Skidendam, 17.vi.1972, W. van Deurs, genitalia slide Karsholt 5199 (ZMUC); 93, 1Ƥ, same locality, 7.vi.1973, E. Traugott-Olsen, genitalia slide Traugott-Olsen 1909 (ZMUC); 13, NEZ: Grib Skov, 25.vi.1971, K. Schnack, genitalia slide Schnack 868 (ZMUC); 13, NEZ: Rådvad, 13.vi.1977, K. Schnack, genitalia slide Schnack 882 (ZMUC); 13 NEZ, Risby 24.vi.1979, K. Larsen, genitalia slide LAA 1489 (LAA);

1Ƥ, B: Paradisbakker, 20.vii.1976, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide Karsholt 2549 (ZMUC); 13, B: Svaneke, 2.vii.1978, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide Karsholt 3281 (ZMUC); 43, 2 Ƥ, B: Hundsemyre, la. 17.x.2009, Lysimachia vulgaris, P. Falck , genitalia slide Falck 2214 (PFA). + 59 undissected specimens in ZMUC. FINLAND: 23, Al: Lemland, 28.vi.1952, Nylund, genitalia slides Mutanen 900, 901; 23, same locality, 30.vi.1962, Nylund (MZH); 13, Al: Eckerö, 4.vii.1956, Nylund (MZH);

13, Oba: Oulu, 24.vi.2009, M. Mutanen, DNA sample 14201, 33, same locality, 11.vi.2010, M., N. & A. Mutanen (ZMUO); 1Ƥ, Oba: Hailuoto, 1.vii.1999, genitalia slide Mutanen 910; 33, same locality, 30.vi.1997, M. Mutanen, genitalia slides Mutanen 892, 896, 897; 13, same locality, 30.vi.2008, M. Mutanen, DNA sample MM10087 (ZMUO); 13, Ab: Karjaa, Kohagen, 21.vi.2004, M. Mutanen (ZMUO);

13, N. Hanko, 2007, M. Mutanen & P. Välimäki, DNA sample MM11908 (ZMUO);

13, Kl: Parikkala, 16–17.vi.2007, M. & T. Mutanen, DNA sample MM06131 (ZMUO). GERMANY: 13, Schleswig-Holstein, Pinneberg, Umg. Appener Moor, 5.vii.2011, W. Baltruweit genitalia in tube, det. N. Savenkov (WBA). LATVIA: 13, Carnikava, 10–17.viii.2003, N. Savenkov; 1Ƥ, Silene, Ilgas, 26–30.vi.1999, N. Savenkov; 1Ƥ, Krustkalni reserve, 11.vi.2010, N. Savenkov, all genitalia in tube, det. N. Savenkov (all HRO). NORWAY: 13, Ø: Hvaler, Asmaløy, Huser 18.vi.2005, L. Aarvik, genitalia slide NHMO 2068 (NHMO); 1Ƥ, Ø: Rygge, Sildebauen, 27.vi.1978, L. Aarvik, genitalia slide LAA 47 (LAA); 13, AK: Ås, Årungen, 25.vi.1986, L. Aarvik, genitalia slide NHMO 2063 (NHMO); 13 2Ƥ, AK: Ås, Årungen, Fosterud, 22.vi.2011, L. Aarvik, genitalia slide Ƥ NHMO 2065, Ƥ NHMO 2075 (NHMO);

13, VE: Tjøme, Moutmarka, 23.vi.1974, T. Andersen & A. Fjeldså, genitalia slide NHMO 868 (NHMO); 13, AAY: Arendal, Tromøy, Bjelland, 29.vi.1986, S.A. Bakke, genitalia slide LAA 2011.016 (SAB); 23, AAY: Arendal, Moland, Vivesøl, 18.vi.2011, L. Aarvik, genitalia slide NHMO 2091 (NHMO); 13, 1Ƥ VAY: Kristiansand, Benestad, 11.vi.1980, S. Svendsen, genitalia slide 3 NHMO 2094, Ƥ NHMO 2063 (NHMO). SLOVAKIA: 13, 1Ƥ, Spišská Nová Ves, 23.v.1979, A. Reiprich, genitalia in tube, det. N. Savenkov (HRO). CHINA: 13, Manchuria, Djalantun, 25.vi.1938, genitalia slide n. 1340 (ISZP) [ Phalonidia tolli holotype].

Figures

FIGURES 2 A- 2 G. Male genitalia. Fig. 2 A – 2 D: Phalonidia udana. Fig. 2 E – 2 H: P. m a n n i a n a. 2 A – 2 B, genitalia slide NHMO 2063; 2 C – 2 D, genitalia slide NHMO 2068; 2 E – 2 F, genitalia slide NISK 20003; 2 G – 2 H, genitalia slide NHMO 2064. 2 B, 2 D, 2 F, 2 H show the phallus of the preparations.

FIGURES 3 A- 3 C. Female genitalia. Fig. 3 A, 3 B: Phalonidia udana. Fig. 3 C: P. manniana. 3 A, genitalia slide NHMO 2065; 3 B, genitalia slide NHMO 2066; 3 C, genitalia slide LAA 2011.015.