Calyxochaetus nodatus (Loew)

Runyon, Justin B., 2024, Revision of the genus Calyxochaetus Bigot (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Sympycninae), Zootaxa 5539 (1), pp. 1-74 : 61-63

Calyxochaetus nodatus (Loew)

( Figs 7 , 105 , 121 , 133, 137 , 144 )

Sympycnus nodatus Loew, 1862: 215 .

Sympicnus notatus , error by Bigot (1888a: xxiv, 1888b: xxiv).

Nothosympycnus abbreviatus Van Duzee, 1917: 341 ; synonymized by Harmston & Miller (1966: 92).

Calyxochaetus nodatus : Parent (1930: 107).

Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (designated here to fix identity of the species) ♂, labeled: “ Illinois / Le Baron”; “Loew/ Coll.”; “Type/ 2/ 12923 [red label]”; “MCZ-ENT/ 00302674 [with barcode]”; “LECTOTYPE/ Calyxochaetus / nodatus (Loew) / des. J.B. Runyon [blue label]” ( MCZ) [photos examined]. There are two specimens on this pin (1 male and 1 female), the lectotype is the bottom specimen . PARALECTOTYPES: Same data as lectotype (1♀, MCZ); same data except, “nodatus m”; “Type/ 12923 [red label]” (1♀, MCZ) [photos examined] .

Other material examined. CANADA: Alberta: Onefour , 49°6′ -110°24′, 4.vi.1955, J.R. Vockeroth (2♀, CNC);

Waterton Lakes National Park, 7–12.vii.1980, H.J. Teskey (1♂, CNC); Cypress Hills, Reesor Lake , 30.viii.2002, JBR (4♂, 1♀, MTEC); same data except, 1 mi S Elkwater, 4320 ft, 30.viii.2002 (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); same data except, Battle Creek , 6 km E Reesor Lake, 31.viii.2002 (1♀, MTEC); same data except, Spruce Coulee Reservoir, 31.viii.2002 (4♂, 5♀, MTEC); same data except, Graburn Creek , 5 km SW Graburn campground, 1.ix.2002 (1♀, MTEC); same data except, Graburn campground, 1.ix.2002 (2♂, 1♀, MTEC). Manitoba: Ninette, 15.v.1958, at margin of slough, J.F. McAlpine (1♀, CNC); same data except, 12.vi.1958, maple-elm floodplain community (2♂, CNC); same data except, 15.vii.1958, RLH (5♀, CNC); Pipestone, 3.ix.1966, G.E. Shewell (1♂, 2♀, CNC). Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, 3.vi.1949, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, 1♀, CNC); Assiniboia, 26.vi.1955, J.R. Vockeroth (3♂, 4♀, CNC); St. Victor , 49°20′ -105°54′, 27.vi.1955, J.R. Vockeroth (2♂, CNC). USA: Illinois: Mason County: near Forest City , 21.v.1953, J.F. McAlpine (3♂, CNC); McHenry County : McHenry , 21.viii.1927, ALM (3♂, USNM). Indiana: Tippecanoe County : Lafayette , 21.vii.1921, J.M. Aldrich (3♂, USNM); Vigo County : Terre Haute , 26.ix.1943, F.C. & V.H. Harmston (1♂, FSCA); same data except, 6.viii.1944 (1♂, FSCA). Iowa: Dickinson County : East Hottes Lake , 14.vii.1991, RLH (3♂, 1♀, MTEC); Story County : Ames , 20–24.ix.1949, W. Downes (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); same data except, 1.v.1950 (1♀, MTEC); same data except, 8.vi.1954 (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); same data except, 16.viii.1954 (1♂, 1♀, MTEC). Kansas: Decatur County : Oberlin , Sappa Creek , 11.viii.1992, RLH (3♂, 3♀, MTEC); Douglas County : Lawrence, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM); Lawrence , Natural History Reservation , 27.iii.1954, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, 2♀, CNC); same data except, 26.v.1956 (1♂, CNC); Riley County : Manhattan , 6.x.1934, C.W. Sabrosky (1♂, USNM); Smith County : Cedar Creek , 1.5 mi E Cedar, 18.ix.1984, RLH (1♂, MTEC). Louisiana: Rapides County : 11 mi SW Alexandria, 21.iii.1960, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC). Minnesota: Hennepin County : Minnehaha Creek Falls area park, 7.vi.1998, D.E. Hansen (1♂, MTEC); Mower County : Austin , 28.vi.1961 (2♂, USNM); Austin , 10.viii.1993, RLH (3♂, 5♀, MTEC). Missouri: Jackson County : Independence , vii.1951, light trap (1♂, USNM); Phelps County : Rolla , 31.v.1952, FCH (1♂, FSCA); St. Louis County : Castlewood , 7.viii.1949, W. Downes (1♂, MTEC). Montana: Big Horn County : Muddy Creek , 5.3 mi W Lame Deer, 14.viii.1993, RLH (1♀, MTEC); Broadwater County : Limestone Hills area , 46°17.74′N 111°35.21′W, flight intercept trap, 28.viii.1996, M.A. & L.L. Ivie (1♂, MTEC); Custer County : Pumpkin Creek , 11 mi. S Miles City, 25.viii.2002, JBR (8♂, 5♀, MTEC); Gallatin County : Bozeman , Montana State University campus, duck pond, 17.vii.2002, JBR (2♂, 2♀, MTEC); Garfield County : Big Wild Horse Creek , 47.3173° -106.3665°, 30.vi.2023, JBR (2♀, MTEC); Little Dry Creek , Whiteside Ranch dunes, 47.2430° -106.2784°, 30.vi.2023, JBR (1♀, MTEC); Golden Valley County : Fish Creek , 1 mi. S Ryegate, 3660 ft, 31.viii.2001, JBR & E. Morrison (10♂, 11♀, MTEC); Hill County : Fresno Reservoir outlet, 12 mi. NW Havre, 23.ix.2002, JBR (4♂, 2♀, MTEC); McCone County : 17 mi. SE Circle, 3000 ft, 7.ix.1972, RLH (1♀, MTEC); Phillips County : American Prairie Reserve , man-made pond, N47°45.00′ W107°39.73′, 24.vi.2011, JBR (1♀, MTEC); Powder River County : Little Powder River , 4 mi. NE Broadus, 24.viii.2002, JBR (3♂, 3♀, MTEC); Holiday Springs, 12 mi. NE Ashland, 24.viii.2002, JBR (2♂, MTEC); Yellowstone County : Alkali Creek , Billings, 25.viii.2002, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC). Nebraska: Adams County : 7 mi NW Kenesaw, 17.viii.1982, RLH (3♀, MTEC); Keya Paha County : East Holt Creek , 5.3 mi. NNE Springview, 14.viii.1991, RLH (2♂, 1♀, MTEC). North Dakota: Adams County : 12 mi. W Hettinger, 12.ix.1982, RLH (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); 4 mi. N Lemmon, 12.ix.1982, RLH (2♂, MTEC); Mountrail County : White Lake , 8.vi.1969, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM); Ransom County : Maple River , 2.7 mi. E Enderlin, 4.viii.1989, RLH (8♂, 9♀, MTEC); Ward County : Minot, 28.vii.1970, FCH (18♂, 3♀, FSCA). Oklahoma: Alfalfa County : Great Salt Plains , 22.v.1969, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM). South Dakota: Brookings County : Eastern South Dakota Research Farm, soybean, red pan traps, 44.34945° -96.80542°, 10–11.viii.2022, L. Hesler & E. Beckendorf (2♂, MTEC); Corson County : Lake Oahe at Mobridge, 11.ix.1982, RLH (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Davison County : Twelvemile Creek , 7.9 mi E Ethan, 13.vii.1991, RLH (1♂, 4♀, MTEC); Fall River County : Hot Springs, hot brook, 27.vi.1961, G.C. Steyskal (1♂, USNM); Hot Springs, 6.vii.1961, H. & A. Howden (1♂, CNC); Lawrence County : Bridal Veil Falls , 6 mi. S Spearfish, 4250 ft, 19.viii.2003, JBR (1♂, 3♀, MTEC); Pennington County : Hill City, 13.vii.1963, FCH (1♂, FSCA); Rapid City, Canyon Lake , 3200 ft, 20.viii.2003, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Tripp County : Brandon Springs, 4 mi. SE Winner, 24.v.1983, RLH (2♂, 6♀, MTEC). Texas: Austin County : Stephen F. Austin State Park , 21.ii.1965, J.C. Schaffner (1♂, TAMU); Bexar County : San Antonio, 28.iii.1942, ALM (4♂, USNM); Blanco County : Davis Ranch, NW Blanco County , 22.iv.1959, J.F. McAlpine (1♂, CNC); Bosque County : 3 mi W Laguna Park, 13.iv.1984, R. Wharton & J. Woolley (1♂, TAMU); Brazos County : College Station , 16.iii.1908, E.S. Tucker (2♂, USNM); same data except, 29.iii.1964, J.C. Schaffner (1♂, TAMU); same data except, 28.iii.1970, V.V. Board (1♂, TAMU); same data except, 19–25.x.1986, R. Wharton (1♀, TAMU); same data except, 24.iii.1930 [?], F.M. Hull (2♂, CNC); same data except, 6.iv.1966, D.M. Wood (3♂, CNC); same data except, 26.iii.1966 (6♂, 4♀, CNC); Erath County : Bluffdale, Paluxy River , 25–29.iii.1977, Malaise, R.L. Sams (2♀, MTEC); Gillespie County : Pedernales River , 19.iii.1955, W.W. Wirth (3♂, USNM); Grimes County : Navasota, 7.iv.1959, J.F. McAlpine (1♂, CNC); Kerr County : Kerrville, Henkes Pond, 4.iv.1955, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM); Kerrville, 30.iii.1959, on seepage under overhanging rock, J.F. McAlpine (1♂, CNC); same data except, 14.iv.1959 (4♂, 1♀, CNC); Nueces County : Corpus Christi, 8.iii.1970, black light, C.W. Griffin (1♂, TAMU); San Patricio County : Welder Wildlife Refuge, near Sinton, 19–23.iii.1965, J.G. Chillcott (2♂, CNC); Walker County : Stubblefield Lake , 25.iii.1984, R. Wharton (1♂, 1♀, TAMU). Wisconsin: Ashland County : 6 mi E Odanah, 24.vi.1983, RLH (1♀, MTEC); Dane County : T7N R9E B28, 1.vi.1954, light trap, R.J. Dicke (1♂, USNM).

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the pruinose frons, arista-like stylus with small rounded apical lamella ( Fig. 105 ), form of the mid tarsus ( Fig. 121 ), and hind tibia with one long slender ventral seta ( Fig. 133 ). Calyxochaetus bovanodatus sp. nov. is very similar but has swollen mid tarsomeres ( Fig. 122 ).

Redescription. Male. Wing length 2.9–3.3 mm. Head: Frons brown pruinose, not glabrous. Face white-silver, nearly parallel-sided on ventral half, 2–3 ommatidia wide at narrowest. Antenna ( Fig. 105 ) brown, scape and pedicel yellow on ventral half or more; scape rather long but usually shorter than postpedicel; postpedicel shape and size variable, broadly oval to subquadrate with irregular outline, 1.0–1.5X as long as wide; arista-like stylus essentially bare, length variable, article 2 narrowing to small rounded apical lamella (shape of lamella varies from round to oval, sometimes with irregular outline). Palpus small, elongate oval, with apex broadly bright yellow. Thorax: Pleura brown with thick gray pruinosity; metepimeron partly to mostly concolorous with pleura, with yellow ground color visible. Scutellum with blue-violet reflections medially, sometimes indistinct. Legs: Foreleg: Yellow, except tarsus infuscated from near middle of tarsomere 3. Tibia slender, with small posterodorsal seta near 1/3. Tarsomere 1 very short, nearly round. Tarsomere 2 slightly shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 3–5. Tarsomere 3 very slightly longer than tarsomere 4, with anterior microsetulae.Tarsomere 4 with short pale dorsal microsetulae. Midleg:Yellow, except coxa weakly infuscated basally, tarsus brown from near base of tarsomere 2. Tarsus ( Fig. 121 ) with tarsomere 1 two-thirds tibia length, longer than combined length of tarsomeres 2–5. Tarsomere 2 subequal to combined length of tarsomeres 3–5, narrowly subtriangular, slightly flattened, with rather large, pointed anteroapical lobe bearing short apical seta. Tarsomere 3 about 2X longer than wide, rectangular, with 2 rather large posterior setae (one at base, one at apex). Tarsomere 4 rectangular, slightly smaller than tarsomere 3. Tarsomere 5 slightly longer than tarsomere 4. Hindleg: Yellow, except coxa weakly infuscated basally, femur light brown apically, tarsus brown from apex of tarsomere 1. Tibia ( Fig. 133 ) very slightly swollen near base, with long slender ventral seta near 1/4. Wing ( Fig. 137 ): Hyaline. Anal area reduced with posterior margin gradually widening from base and undulating basal to apex of M 4. Wing tip rather pointed. M 4 nearly straight, ending at about 4/5 wing length. Distal section of M 4 about 4X longer than crossvein dm-m. Abdomen: Tergites 2–3 mostly yellow. Tergite 4 usually with ventral half of lateral surface yellow. Hypopygium: Postgonites with apical lobes rounded, translucent.

Female. Wing length 2.9–3.4 mm. Similar to male except as follows: Head: Face wider (subequal to postpedicel width), nearly parallel-sided, gray-silver. Antenna with scape and pedicel usually more yellow; postpedicel about as wide as long, varying from broadly rounded to rather flattened apically; arista-like stylus unmodified. Palpus much larger, triangular, yellow to yellow-brown. Thorax: Proepimeron with cluster of usually 4 small white hairs. Legs: Unmodified, without specialized setae. Hind femur usually wholly yellow. Hind tibia not slightly swollen near base. Wing: Elongate oval. Anal lobe broader with posterior margin and apex evenly rounded. M 4 ending at about 3/5 wing length. Distal section of M 4 about 3X longer than crossvein dm-m. Abdomen: Tergites 2–4 usually as in male, but sometimes with less yellow.

Distribution and seasonal occurrence. Broadly distributed in the central USA from Texas northward into southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada ( Fig. 144 ). Adults in the northern areas were collected from May to September, but specimens from Louisiana and Texas were all collected from February to April.

Remarks. I have collected adults on streamside vegetation and moist soil in the shade of bridges, and by sweeping through dense rushes in open habitats. This species can tolerate alkali conditions.

Figures

FIGURES 7–8. Abdomen and postabdomen of male Calyxochaetus. 7. C. nodatus (Loew), lateral view (macerated). White arrows indicate red gland and duct (possibly a testis). 8. Postabdomen of C. frontalis (Loew), lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: aed + sheath—aedeagus and aedeagal sheath; cerc—cercus; d sur—dorsal lobe of surstylus; hypd—hypandrium; pgt—apex of postgonites; S8—sternite 8; v sur—ventral lobe of surstylus.

FIGURES 104–119. Male antennae (lateral view) and forelegs of the Calyxochaetus frontalis species group. 104. C. binodatus (Harmston & Knowlton). 105. C. nodatus (Loew). 106. C. desertus sp. nov. 107. C. pictipes (Harmston & Knowlton). 108. C. sobrinus (Wheeler). 109. C. ornatus Parent. 110. C. remifer sp. nov. 111. C. tohono sp. nov. 112. C. frontalis (Loew). 113. C. furcatus (Van Duzee). 114. C. lamellicornis Parent (photo by Emmanuel Delfosse, MNHN). 115. C. lacrima sp. nov. 116. C. binodatus, fore tarsus, anterior view. 117. C. sobrinus, fore tarsus, anterior view. 118. C. remifer sp. nov., fore tarsus, dorsal view. 119. C. lacrima sp. nov., fore tibia and tarsus, posterior view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm; arista-like styli approximately 1 mm long.

FIGURES 120–131. Male mid tarsi of the Calyxochaetus frontalis species group (anterior on left side). 120. C. binodatus (Harmston & Knowlton), dorsal view. 121. C. nodatus (Loew), ventral view. 122. C. bovanodatus sp. nov., dorsal view. 123. C. desertus sp. nov., mid tarsomeres 2–5, dorsal view. 124. C. sobrinus (Wheeler), mid tarsomeres 2–5, dorsal view. 125. C. pictipes (Harmston & Knowlton), dorsal view. 126. C. ornatus Parent, mid tarsomeres 2–5, ventral view. 127. C. tohono sp. nov., mid tarsomeres 2–5, dorsal view. 128. C. remifer sp. nov., dorsal view. 129. C. frontalis (Loew), dorsal view. 130. C. furcatus (Van Duzee), dorsal view. 131. C. lacrima sp. nov., dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 132–138. Male hind legs and wings of the Calyxochaetus frontalis species group. 132. C. binodatus (Harmston & Knowlton), hind tibia, anterior view. 133. C. nodatus (Loew), hind tibia, anterior view. 134. C. ornatus Parent, hind tibia, posterior view. 135. C. frontalis (Loew), hind tibia, posterior view. 136. C. lacrima sp. nov., apical third of hind femur and basal half of hind tibia, posterior view. 137. C. nodatus, wing. 138. C. ornatus, wing. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 144–146. Known geographical distributions of species in the Calyxochaetus frontalis group. 144. C. nodatus (Loew), C. binodatus (Harmston & Knowlton) and C. bovanodatus sp. nov. 145. C. sobrinus (Wheeler) and C. pictipes (Harmston & Knowlton). 146. C. frontalis (Loew) and C. desertus sp. nov.