Dunama janewaldronae Chacon

Chacon, Isidro A., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie, J. Bolling Sullivan, & Hajibabaei, Mehrdad, 2013, Cryptic species within cryptic moths: new species of Dunama Schaus (Notodontidae, Nystaleinae) in Costa Rica, ZooKeys 264, pp. 11-45 : 25-28

Dunama janewaldronae Chacon sp. n. Figs 23-30, 75-78

Type material.

Holotype male: 08-SRNP-430 (Dissected, COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 16 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Paratypes (all reared from wild-caught caterpillars):(2♂ 2♀).Male:08-SRNP-382(COI Barcoded),Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 16 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Male: 08-SRNP-433 (Dissected, COI Barcoded),Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 16 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Female:08-SRNP-407(COI Barcoded),Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 16 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Female: 00-SRNP-21518 (Dissected, COI Barcoded),Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 5 November 2000, Freddy Quesada.

Other material examined.

Barcoded: 78 specimens, which divided into four haplotypes with differences from the most common haplotype (44 specimens) of 0.25% or less, except for the specimens from Limon that were idéntical, or about 0.6% different. Barcoded specimens were from Alajuela and Limon Provinces (Fig. 86). Museum specimens: (18): 2♂ 1♀ Guanacaste, 4♂ 6♀ Alajuela, 1♂ Heredia, 4♂ Limon. Dissections: 2♂ 1♀ Guanacaste, 1♂ 1♀ Alajuela, 1♂ Heredia, 1♂ Limon.

Janzen & Hallwachs voucher specimens: Male: 08-SRNP-390 (COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 16 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Male: 00-SRNP-21521, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m, 23 October 2000, Freddy Quesada. Female: 08-SRNP-399 (Dissected, COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 15 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Female: 08-SRNP-419 (COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 15 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar. Female: 08-SRNP-423 (COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Suampo Uncaria 10.93597, -85.37135, 506 m, 16 February 2008, Gloria Sihezar.

INBio specimens: Male: INBIOCRI001288520 (Dissected, COI Barcoded), Costa Rica, Prov. Guanacaste,P. N. Guanacaste, 9 Km S Santa Cecilia, Est. Pitilla 10.992609, -85.429477, 700 m, 30 January 1993, P. Rios. Female: INBIOCRI002583021, Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santa Cecilia, 8 Km S. Estacion Pitilla 10.990808 -85427641, 680 m, February 1988, A. Chacon & M. Espinoza.

Etymology.

This species is named in honor of Ms. Jane Waldron, great-grandmother of Jessie Hill of Philadelphia and Hawaii, and in emphatic recognition of Jessie Hill’s contribution to saving and inventorying the conserved ACG rain forest in which Dunama janewaldronae breeds.

Diagnosis.

St8 wide, short, anterior margin simple, posterior margin bearing a pair of small, widely separated processes with serrate margins, a second, long pair of processes arising between arms of first pair. Phallus thin in the base, wider and sclerotized in distal part, ventral margin of distal part with six teeth and dorsal margin with two small teeth.

Description.

Male (Figs 23, 24, 27-29). Head - Antenna pectinate in basal 4/5, rami moderately long reddish brown, distal fifth simple, shaft with a mix of reddish-brown and gray brown scales, scape with scale tuft blackish brown at base and cream to tip; frons with a mix of cream and blackish-brown scales; labial palpus upcurved blackish brown with a few scattered cream-colored scales; ocelli absent; vertex blackish brown, cream colored laterally; patagium blackish brown near midline, blackish brown laterally, margins cream colored. Thorax and abdomen - Tegula cream colored at base, a mix of cream and blackish-brown scales distally; mesoscutum blackish brown anteriorly, cream and reddish brown posteriorly; mesoscutellum mostly creamy white; thoracic pleuron cream colored to blackish brown; legs mostly blackish brown on outer surfaces, cream colored on inner surfaces. Abdominal dorsum light gray, venter cream colored. Wings - Dorsal ground color a mixture of gray-brown and beige scales; veins lined with gray, especially distally; anal fold and cubitus blackish brown; orbicular spot diffuse blackish brown; reniform spot small, blackish brown; M-line thin, blackish brown, a wide, vaguely-defined beige band beyond it; PM-line thin, blackish brown, poorly defined; AD-line with blackish-brown spots, fringe gray brown. Ventral surfaces of both wings gray brown. Dorsal hindwing dirty gray brown, lighter near base (Figs 23, 24). (WL 12.5-13.4 mm). Male genitalia (Figs 27-29) - St8 wide, short, anterior margin simple, posterior margin bearing a pair of small, widely separated processes with serrate margins; a second, long pair of processes arising between arms of first pair (Fig. 27). Uncus lobule-like and lightly pubescent, socci thin and lightly curved. Valva broad and membranous, with serrate saccular margin, inner surface with a hook-like process near apex (Fig. 28). Phallus thin at base, wider and sclerotized distally, ventral margin of distal part with six teeth and dorsal margin with two small teeth. Vesica tiny, bearing a minute cornutus (Fig. 29). Female (Figs 25, 26, 30). Antenna filiform, shaft gray brown; body color and wing pattern similar to male but wings longer and darker (Figs 25, 26). (WL 16.5-16.8 mm). Female genitalia (Fig. 30) - Segment 8 forming a heavily sclerotized capsule; anterior apophyses acute; posterior apophyses tiny, CB small and rounded, signum absent; DB short; ostium recessed in St8. Ovipositor lobes triangulate and setose.

Natural history

(Figs 75, 76, 77, 78). 201 records reared from Sector Pitilla (n=13), Rincon Rain Forest (n=57), and San Cristobal (n=131), all rain forest sites.

Food plants: Arecaceae : Chamaedorea dammeriana Burret (n=42), Geonoma congesta (n=22), Geonoma cuneata (n=114), Prestoea decurrens (n=13), Welfia regia (n=10).

Parasitoids

: Braconidae : Macrocentrinae , Austrozele Janzen03 (n=5), shared with Dunama jessiebarronae . Tachinidae : Lespesia Wood33DHJ06 (n=7), shared with Dunama jessiebarronae , and Jurinella Wood06 (n=1). The latter species parasitizes only Notodontidae and Hesperiidae feeding on rain forest Arecaceae .

Distribution.

Dunama janewaldronae has been reared from intermediate elevations of the eastern side of the Cordillera Volcanica de Guanacaste from 400 to 680 m elevation (Fig. 85).

Remarks.

This species shows identical genitalia and very similar barcodes throughout Costa Rica (Fig. 86). Specimens from the Caribbean side of Costa Rica have the most divergent barcodes, but are still within the range of variation seen for most species. Nearest neighbor analyses pair Dunama janewaldronae with Dunama angulinea and they differ mostly in being slightly different in size. They share several species of understory Arecaceae as caterpillar food plants.